色谱－质谱－红外光谱联用系统研究原煤浸取液及燃煤烟气中环烃类有机污染物

采用美国惠普公司色谱－质谱－红外三联仪，研究了我国典型煤种──青山烟煤中二氯甲烷（ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２）的４１ｈ浸取液和８００℃燃烧排放烟气中脂环烃、苯系物、多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）等环烃类有机污染物的种类、组成及含量。并用ＰＡＨｓ标样对原煤浸取液和烟气中ＰＡＨｓ排放进行了定量评价。通过两种排放源中各有机污染物的组成和含量比较，获得了原煤及燃后烟气中环烃类有机污染物排放的一般规律。     

色谱－质谱－红外光谱联用系统研究原煤浸取液及燃煤烟气中环烃类有机污染物

 采用美国惠普公司色谱－质谱－红外三联仪，研究了我国典型煤种──青山烟煤中二氯甲烷（ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２）的４１ｈ浸取液和８００℃燃烧排放烟气中脂环烃、苯系物、多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）等环烃类有机污染物的种类、组成及含量。并用ＰＡＨｓ标样对原煤浸取液和烟气中ＰＡＨｓ排放进行了定量评价。通过两种排放源中各有机污染物的组成和含量比较，获得了原煤及燃后烟气中环烃类有机污染物排放的一般规律。     

对稠环烃命名的几点修改建议

基于由纯苯环稠合的稠环芳烃的所有碳原子以sp2杂化不存在额外氢的事实,建议废除对由纯苯环稠合的稠环芳烃额外氢的标明;建议将稠环烃编号从右上方第一个环最上方的自由角开始修改为从右上方第一个环最左方的自由角开始;对文中一些例子命名错误给予了纠正。     

估算脂环烃相对稳定性的一种新方法

运用等键反应能估算了一些气态环烷烃，环烯烃，螺环烃和二环烃的相对稳定性。     

高效液相色谱法分离测定土壤中的多环芳烃

]本文提出高效液相色谱法分离测定土壤中的多环芳烃。方法简便,快速,基本过程是将土壤样品用二氯甲烷索氏提取,提取液浓缩后,经硅酸镁-微细硅胶薄层纯化,以除去色素、极性物及其它杂质。薄板在254nm紫外光下观察,收集荧光带区域内的吸附剂,用二氯甲烷洗脱,浓缩后进行高效液相色谱分析。该法对几种代表性多环芳烃的回收率为75.0-100％。用苯并（a）芘为代表物作了高效液相色谱法与荧光法比较,结果也很近似。     

脂环烃通式的推导

前人已对开链烷烃,烯烃,炔烃,甚至一些烃的衍生物的通式给予了总结[1]。对于一些简单的脂环烃给予了概括[2],但对于分子的结构式中含有多个环的脂环烃的通式并未给予总结。当某一脂环烃分子结构式中含有较多环时, 若根据碳原子的四价键对分子中每个碳原子上所连氢原子进行加和来确定氢原子的总数目显然很繁琐, 所以找出脂环烃分子中氢原子和碳原子的数目关系就显得很迫切了。     

用自制新型端羟基冠醚固相微萃取涂层快速监测水中痕量多环芳烃

采用溶胶—凝胶技术，加入自制的新化合物端羟基冠酸，成功地涂制了固相微萃取涂层；用半挥发性的有机污染物多环芳烃评价了涂层的基本性能，并对实际水样中的多环芳烃进行了分析。该方法的线性范围在0．1—10μg／L，检出限在0．001—0.03μg/L，8种多环芳烃化合物测定的相对标准偏差在2．05％一9．80％，回收率在85％以上。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中的多环芳烃

建立了固相萃取-一高效液相色谱法测定水中多环芳烃的方法。水样经L-18固相萃取柱吸附后用二氯甲烷洗脱,氮吹干后换甲醇溶剂。反相C18柱为色谱柱;水、甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1．0mL／min;柱温为30℃;检测器为荧光检测器、紫外检测器。方法的检出限为0．00006-0.03μg／L,回收率为80％～110％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．1％～3．6％（n=5）。方法适合于水中16种多环芳烃的测定。     

褐煤超临界流体抽提产物中芳烃的组成特征

用柱色谱分离、ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析云南先锋和金所褐煤甲苯（或二甲苯）超临界流体抽提（ＳＣＦＥ）产物油段分中芳烃馏分的组成结构，鉴定出联苯、联苄型结构及它们的烷基衍生物为主要组成部分，菲、芴、芘、荧蒽、苯并芘等多环缩合芳烃的量较少，有较丰富的芳构化五环萜类，包括从三环至五环芳构化的化合物。这些结果反映了多环芳烃成煤过程中的演变情况，可为煤化学研究提供重要的信息。     

土壤中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱测定研究及应用

本文用高效液相色谱方法分离测定土壤中的多环芳烃，通过改变不同的流动相组成使１５种多环芳烃完全分离，并分别得到１５种物质的最低检出限和线性范围，被试验的４种多环度烃的回收率为９６％－１１２％，本文最后对深圳河的实际土壤样品进行了测度定，一些多环节芳烃被检出。     

气相色谱质谱法测定化妆品中9种多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱质谱法测定化妆品中9种多环芳烃的分析方法。化妆品中的萘、苯并[a]蒽、、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[j]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[e]芘、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽等9种多环芳烃用甲醇超声提取后,用环己烷液-液萃取后浓缩,经硅胶-中性氧化铝柱净化后,采用气相色谱-质谱测定。多环芳烃浓度在0.05～2 mg/L范围内,质量浓度与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系。在低、中、高3个添加水平下,9种多环芳烃化合物的平均回收率为81.6%～100.2%,相对标准偏差为1.3%～5.8%。方法可用于化妆品中多环芳烃的检测。     

Retrospective analyses of atmospheric polycyclic and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area of a western site of Japan.

Thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and four nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) on the surfaces of airborne particulates, which were collected at an industrial area of a western site of Japan during periods from 1976 to 1998, were retrospectively analyzed. PAHs and NPAHs were extracted from airborne particulates using hexane with ultrasonication, and then analyzed by HPLC systems with fluorescence detection and chemiluminescence detection, respectively. The total concentrations (mean +/- SD, n = 34) were 15.54 +/- 21.24 ng/m3 for PAHs and 5.85 +/- 8.16 pg/m3 for NPAHs. The concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs were found to be highest during the period between 1979 and 1982, and then reduced. The annual concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs were highly correlated with those of air pollutants from motor vehicle origin, such as carbon monoxide, suspended particulates and non-methane hydrocarbons. The results suggested that motor vehicle emissions were one of the predominant sources of atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs.     

Influence of silicon defects on the adsorption of thiophene-like compounds on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a theoretical study using thiophene + coronene as the simplest model

Physisorption and chemisorption processes of thiophene on coronene and 2Si-coronene have been studied using density functional theory and MP2 methods. These systems have been chosen as the simplest models to describe the adsorption of thiophene-like compounds on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The calculated data suggest that the presence of silicon atoms in PAHs could favor their interaction with thiophene and similar compounds. Small stabilization energies have been found for several physisorbed complexes. The thiophene chemisorption on coronene seems very unlikely to occur, while that on 2Si-coronene leads to addition products which are very stable, with respect to the isolated reactants. These chemisorption processes were found to be exoergic (DeltaG < 0) in the gas phase and in the nonpolar liquid phase. The results reported in this work suggest that silicon defects on extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as graphite, soot, and large-diameter carbon nanotubes, could make them useful in the removal processes of aromatic sulfur compounds from oil hydrocarbons.     

北京地区大气颗粒物中不同功能区多环芳烃的分布特征

用撞击式分级采样器同步采集了北京市城乡结合部、郊区的2003年四个季节的不同粒径大气颗粒物样品,用气相色谱-质谱分析了其中的多环芳烃。两个功能区的PAHs总质量浓度分布趋势均为：冬季>秋季>春季>夏季；不同环数PAHs在不同粒径颗粒物中的分配比例比较显示，粗颗粒物中2 环或3环PAHs的分配比例比其在高环PAHs的比例要大。     

聚丙烯酸树脂涂层HS-SPME-GC-MS监测城市污水中的芳香烃化合物

采用聚丙烯酸树脂涂层-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(PA—SPME—GC—MS)联用技术,在优化的萃取条件下检测了城市污水中的苯系物和多环芳烃等芳香烃化合物．该方法的最低检出限达12ng／L水平,相对标准偏差为1．7％～9．8％．     

Utilisation of certified reference materials in monitoring common environmental pollutants (PAHs, Nitro-PAHs, PCBs)

Summary Monitoring of the concentration levels of certain environmental organic pollutants which pose potential health hazards is examined. The use of reference materials in the quantitative measurement of common pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds, nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is reviewed within the context of achieving optimum precision sand accuracy of the measurements.

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Verwendung zertifizierter Referenzmaterialien bei der Messung von Umweltverunreinigungen (PAHs, Nitro-PAHs, PCBs)

     

Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Produced During Combustion of Fuel With Carbon Disulfide as Additive

That polystyrene and benzene as additives to gasoline increase the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been studied previously in our laboratory. This paper describes the use of carbon disulfide as the solvent instead of benzene brings a marked reduction of the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Monofluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as internal standards to monitor trace enrichment and desorption of their parent compounds during solid-phase extraction.

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an established sample-preparation technique for clean-up procedures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The suitability of monofluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (F-PAHs) as a novel set of internal standards, was tested for two widely used SPE sorbents, octyl-bonded silica and styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. The elution profiles of eight F-PAHs and their parent PAHs, taken from the priority pollutant list of the US-Environmental Protection Agency, were compared for demineralized water and waste water. In both instances, the match of the elution profiles was exceptionally close. The eight F-PAHs and the corresponding PAHs were determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using acetonitrile-water gradient elution with UV detection at 254 nm. The UV spectra of the F-PAHs show a small bathochromic shift compared with the parent PAHs.     

Fluorescence optosensor using an artificial neural network for screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

This paper presents an optosensor for screening of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: anthracene (ANT), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), fluoranthene (FLT), and benzo[b]fluoranthene (Bbf) using a photomultiplier device with an artificial neural network as transducer. The optosensor is based on the on-line immobilization on a non-ionic resin (Amberlite XAD-4) solid support in a continuous flow. The determination was performed in 15 mM H₂PO₄⁻/HPO₄²⁻ buffer solution at pH 7 and 25% of 1,4-dioxane. Feed forward neural networks (multiplayer perceptron) have been trained to quantify the considered Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mixtures under optimal conditions. The optosensor proposed was also applied satisfactorily to the determination of the considered PAHs in water samples in presence of the other 12 EPA–PAHs.     

New approach to study of spilled crude oils using high resolution GC-MS (SIM) and metastable reaction monitoring GC-MS-MS

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and geochemical biomarkers are good environmental markers to study the origin and evolution of an oil spill. To have access to the greatest number of molecular ratios, no fractionation of oil into aliphatic and aromatic compounds is made. Three analytical MS approaches are tested to analyze markers in this total hydrocarbon fraction: classical quadrupole GC-MS, high resolution GC-MS (HR GC-MS) and metastable reaction monitoring GC-MS-MS (MRM GC-MS-MS). This analytical approach is used to follow the evolution of PAHs in petroleum polluted mangrove soils over 8 years by using molecular ratios between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tri- and tetracyclic terpanes.