The electron dose monitoring and control system in EB radiation processing for wires and cables

This paper introduces a close-loop microcomputer control system used for EB radiation processing of wires and cables, which is based on the measurements and calculations of the absorbed dose distribution of 0.6–2.0 MeV electrons in circular compound materials. The calculation of electron energy deposition in 4-layer media is carried out by the bipartition model of electron transport.

The design ideas, system configuration and implementation of this control system governed by a 586 personal computer under windows 98 OS are described in this paper. The field operation results such as control precision and step response curves of this system are also given. The control system has been used for EB radiation processing of wires.     

A MgWO4 PHOTOCONVERTER-BASED PERSONNEL UV-B DOSIMETER*

Abstract— Design, construction, and testing of a photoelectronic UV-B personnel dosimeter whose optical system and thus wavelength and angular response match closely the Robertson-Berger sunburn ultraviolet meter is described. Erythemal irradiance is sensed by a MgWO₄ fluor, and cumulative exposure is stored in digital form by custom-built hybrid microcircuits for readout through a microcomputer at a central station or a field display unit. Sensitivity and exposure storage capacity are designed to provide research-standard precision in measurements of a few hours to ～ 2 months duration, and a high level of temperature stability has been achieved. The dosimeter's compactness, rugged and waterproof construction, and wide dynamic range make it applicable to laboratory and environmental photobiology research as well as in skin cancer epidemiology studies.     

Microprocessor-assisted high-precision viscometry

A microprocessor operated system for time measurements for use with a high-precision high-temperature torsion pendulum viscometer, whose oscillations are tracked by electrooptical means, is described. Photodetector signal level transition times, measured to within ± 50 ns, are stored in the microcomputer, and after some calculation and checking of internal consistency, transferred to a PDP-11 minicomputer where the main viscosity computations take place. The system thus represents a simple multiprocessor laboratory network.     

COMPUTER-CONTROLLED LIGHT MEASUREMENTS FOR PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS

A computer-controlled spectroradiometer system is described that comprises a commercial spectroradiometer, a low-cost microcomputer and a purpose-built interface. The system is used in establishing controlled light environments for the study of plant growth. The method used to link the computer and spectroradiometer is described and an outline of the required control software is given. A set of application programs has been developed to convert the raw spectral data into meaningful physiological/photomorphogenic quantities. This obviates the large volume of manual measurements and calculations that were previously necessary.     

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry of zinc sulfide:Silver phosphors

An AD converter was interfaced between a conventional instrument of atomic absorption and microcomputer. The system can measure signals within a full-scale precision of 0.4%. For a single measurement only a small volume of sample solution, down to 200 μl. is aspirated. Backgrounds and atomic absorption signals are determined after averaging 64 binary data samples from a single measurement. Results of analysis are printed out by computer calculation after the measurements.The system was applied to the analysis of zinc sulfide phosphors having different particle sizes and structures. Differences in the chemical composition were found, for example, the largest size particles had a lower silver content and a higher sodium content than the medium and smaller size particles.     

Computerization of quality control tests of liquid chromatography media

A dual microcomputer system is described for quality control tests of chromatography media at medium speed (time resolution 1 s). One dedicated microcomputer handles real-time control and measurement in a multi-experiment situation. The other computer is a personal computer that handles setting-up of experiments and evaluations. A special, simple high-level language is implemented through an interpreter in the dedicated computer. Precautions against loss of data and the design of reliable and easy-to-use operating procedures are discussed. The results in terms of performance, economy and computer familiarity from daily use of the system during three years are also given.     

The derivatograph-C

The latest type of derivatograph, operated by a microcomputer, is described. The equipment is suitable for simultaneous TG, DTG, DTA, TD and EGA measurements under dynamic, isothermal, quasi-isothermal and quasi-isobaric heating conditions. As practical examples, the decompositions of bauxite and manganese(II) sulphate pentahydrate are demonstrated.     

精密半微量滴定热量计的建立和胶束生成焓测定

为研究两亲分子自组合的弱相互作用,在LKB-8700精密量热系统的基础上设计和建立了精密半微量滴定热量计。实验数据的采集和处理由在线微机自动完成。利用本热量计测定量热基准物质三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)和盐酸的反应热,实验结果与文献值一致,精度为±0.2%。对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100的胶束生成焓和临界胶束浓度(cmc)的测定结果也与文献报道值一致。     

Voltammetric instrumentation controlled by two microcomputers

A voltammetric instrument with two microcomputers is described. An INTEL SYS 80/10A microcomputer, interfaced to the electrochemical cell, is provided with general machine-code routines in PROM for control and measurement. A personal computer (Luxor/Scandia Metric ABC 80) is used for control of the microcomputer and for evaluation of results. A list of machine-code routine addresses with parameters comprises a program. The parameters are selected at the personal computer which also loads the program into the SYS 80/10A and initiates the experiment. The use of two low-cost computers eliminates the need for a complex multi-task system or a remote host computer.     

LC-HG-QCAAS versus LC-HG-ICP/OES in arsenic speciation

The coupled technique LC-HG-QCAAS has been used to perform the speciation of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate in aqueous samples. An optimization of the operating conditions, especially those for atomization, is described. The analytical signals have been collected and processed using a microcomputer. Results of limits of detection, precision, recovery and linear ranges when using peak area and peak height are reported. The technique can be considered cheap enough to be applied to metal speciation analysis in most laboratories.     

The use of APPLE II microcomputer as kinetic laboratory data acquisition system

A laboratory microcomputer system based on an APPLE II microcomputer is presented. Data transfer from a temperature jump equipment or a stopped flow apparatus can be performed via a serial interface, the data can be stored on a memory expansion card or on the disk drives. Data transfer to a central host computer can also be done. Application of the laboratory data system on kinetic and spectroscopic measurements are shown.Dedicated to Prof. Dr.K. L. Komarek on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

一种具有温度校正功能的新型手持式农药残留检测仪

介绍了一种采用基于酶动力学分析法，以发光二级管(LED)作为单色光源，以电池供电的新型手持式有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测仪。仪器以单片机系统为核心，体积小，重量轻；采用多点采样线性回归与光强直读等技术，保证了测量结果的稳定可靠；采用了温度校正技术，简化了分析操作，使得农药残留的现场快速分析成为可能。     

A program package for data analysis in extended x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy

A computer program package is described for the evaluation of atomic local structure parameters from extended x-ray absorption fine-structure measurements. It was compiled for the IBM-PC microcomputer and use successfully in structure determination of many samples from different fields. It consists of twelve relatively independent modules; data-processing procedures are programmed in IBM FORTRAN and parts of the graphic procedures are written in IBM Advanced BASIC language. The whole process takes about 20 min.     

Versuche mit einem tiefgekühlten zwillingshohlkathoden interferometer-spektrometer-V.1 Die radiale gaskinetische temperaturverteilung

After a brief literature survey, the principle of the measuring system is described. This double-beam system is capable of producing highly resolved profiles of the line He 501.5 nm, which originates from both a hollow cathode cooled with liquid nitrogen and a stabilized spectral lamp. A calculation method has been developed to increase the precision of the measurements of the halfwidth of the He line. The gas kinetic temperature was calculated from the Dopplcr broadening. The results, presented graphically, give the dependence of the gas kinetic temperature from the plasma radius (0–5 mm) and from the carrier gas pressure (66–666 Pa), in both cases at different currents (30–120 mA). Finally theoretical explanations of the results are given.     

A simple and versatile PSA system for heavy metal determinations

An easy to build potentiometric stripping analysis system for heavy metal determinations (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) is described which reaches good sensitivity and precision. Main components are an IBM compatible computer, an ADDA-conversion card and two selfmade electrodes, so it can be realized for one tenth of the price of complete commercial systems. A graphite pencil lead covered with a Hg-film is used as working electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode as a combined reference/counter electrode. Reproducibility and calibration measurements are reported, heavy metal determinations on soil samples are compared with AAS results.     

A simple and versatile PSA system for heavy metal determinations

An easy to build potentiometric stripping analysis system for heavy metal determinations (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) is described which reaches good sensitivity and precision. Main components are an IBM compatible computer, an ADDA-conversion card and two selfmade electrodes, so it can be realized for one tenth of the price of complete commercial systems. A graphite pencil lead covered with a Hg-film is used as working electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode as a combined reference/counter electrode. Reproducibility and calibration measurements are reported, heavy metal determinations on soil samples are compared with AAS results.     

FIA-potentiometry in the sub-Nernstian response region for rapid and direct chloride assays in milk and in coconut water

A simple and reliable FIA-potentiometric system for rapid assays of chloride in certain food samples is described and evaluated. The system is constituted by an aquarium air pump to propel the carrier solution, a manually operated injector, a homemade dialysis flow cell, a solid-state chloride detector (Ag/AgCl), a reference electrode and a multimeter connected to a microcomputer for data acquisition. The dialysis unit enables direct analysis of liquid food samples without any other previous treatment. The principal novelties are the precision (R.S.D. of 1.2% for whole milk) and rapidity (90 determinations/h) of FIA measurements near and below the lower end of the linear (Nernstian) response region of the chloride ion-selective electrode (ISE), with an estimated detection limit (3 s) of 0.4 mg L⁻¹ Cl⁻ in the sample injected in donor stream. Data of peak potential versus sample chloride concentration (donor stream) was accurately fitted with a quadratic polynomial over the range between 4 and 1000 mg L⁻¹ (r² = 0.9999) and used as a calibration curve. The method was applied to the determination of chloride in milk and in coconut water samples. The validation of the results was done by comparison with a NIST reference material (milk) or by capillary electrophoresis (coconut water). For all analysis, no significant difference at a 95% confidence level was observed.     

Experimental apparatus for investigation of sputtering and secondary ion emission induced by energetic ion beams

The construction of an experimental apparatus, for investigation of implantation, secondary ion emission and sputtering processes, during irradiation of samples with an ion beam of up to 70 keV energy, is described. The basis of the apparatus is an electromagnetic mass separator equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer located in the collector chamber. The computer data acquisition control system makes it possible to perform the experimental measurements with high accuracy and precision. Preliminary results of secondary ion mass spectral measurements, obtained for C, Al, Si and Cu targets bombarded with Ar(+) and Kr(+) ions, are presented.     

A urea-sensing membrane electrode for whole blood measurements

The construction and properties of a new urea-sensing membrane electrode capable of making direct urea measurements in whole blood are described. The electrode has a layered structure in which a small quantity of EDTA-stabilized urease enzyme solution is held between an external dialysis membrane and the gas-permeable membrane of a conventional ammonia selective electrode. It is shown that the electrode functions reliably in whole blood samples, used with minimal pretreatment, as well as in serum or aqueous solutions. The range, dynamic response, lifetime, precision, and accuracy of the electrode system are appropriate for clinical measurements in whole blood or serum, and promise to simplify such analyses with an attendant reduction in costs.     

卟啉化合物的热化学研究——Ⅳ.精密转动氧弹燃烧热量计的建立与标定

A precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter in which thermistors were used as elements of temperature control and temperature measurement was constructed in our laboratory. The calorimeter was calibrated with benzoic acid of purity 99.999 percent. The energy equivalent of standard calorimeter system is 18.6376±0.0022 kJ.K~(-1). The precision of the experiment was 0.012% (shown in the form of 2s.d m) Detailed Washburn correction was made in microcomputer with programme designed by ourselves.