黄芪药材及其水提物的红外光谱分析

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法并借助于二阶导数谱研究了黄芪原药材及其水提物所含化学成分的红外谱图整体变化规律.结果表明,黄芪水提物中主要为糖类成分,而水提物药渣中则是提取后剩余的淀粉、纤维素、木质素等原药材的基体成分和一些不易溶于水的酯类、酮类和芳香类成分.红外光谱能够快速、简便地提供中药提取物中主要化学成分的宏观信息,从而为后续的化学成分分析和中药提取分离工艺的改进提供有效参考.     

荧光分光光度法测定黄芪口服液中黄芪甲甙的研究

利用在硫酸条件下香草醛与黄芪甲甙的荧光反应测定黄芪口服液中的黄芪甲甙，黄芪甲甙与香草醛反应产物的最大激发波长为λｅｘ＝３６８ｎｍ，最大发射波长λｅｍ４３５ｎｍ。黄芪甲甙在０．０－３０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围呈良好的线性关系，最低检出限为０．３μｇ／ｍＬ，测定样品的回收率为９６．７２％－１０３．３０％。     

ICP-AES法测定黄芪成分F3新制剂中微量元素

采用高压密封消化罐 (PTFE) ,以 (4 1)硝酸 -高氯酸为溶样试剂 ,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 (ICP- AES)测定黄芪成分 F3新制剂中铁、锰、铜、锌、铬、锶、硒、铅、砷、镉等微量元素。方法回收率为 94 .2 %— 10 6 .3% ,相对标准差为 4 .1%— 7.9%。黄芪成分 F3新制剂含有多种重要微量元素 ,不含有铅、砷、镉等有害元素。     

太行山黄芪中黄芪多糖的提取工艺

采用碱性水提醇沉法进行黄芪多糖的提取,用蒽酮-浓硫酸比色法测定多糖的含量.通过改变黄芪的粒度,水浴比,水浴温度,提取次数,乙醇浓度及pH值等条件的研究,筛选出最佳提取工艺条件:于1:12的水浴比在70C水浴提取3次,乙醇浓度为90%,pH=10的条件下黄芪多糖的提取率最高,为19.2%.     

中草药黄芪中6种微量元素的溶出率研究

火焰原于吸收法测定了中草药黄芪原生药及汤剂中6种微量元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Mg、Sr的含量，并对其溶出率进行了计算。结果发现，6种元素的溶出率存在一定差异，Sr溶出率最大，为24．8％；Fe元素溶出率最小，为3．42％。该结果为黄芪的有效成分研究提供了基础数据。     

荧光分析法测定岩黄芪根中的总黄酮含量

采用索氏提取法,超声提取法,回流提取法分别提取多序岩黄芪、天山岩黄芪根中总黄酮,并用荧光分析法进行含量测定。结果测得回流提取法提取的多序岩黄芪、天山岩黄芪根中总黄酮含量分别为12.005%,8.647%;索氏提取法提取的总黄酮含量分别为9.744%,7.348%;超声提取法提取的总黄酮含量分别为7.688%,5.840%。最后得出结论回流提取法是提取多序岩黄芪根中总黄酮的最佳方法。     

超声提取-反相高效液相色谱法测定牛膝中蜕皮甾酮

比较了超声提取与回流提取法在提取牛膝中活性成分蜕皮甾酮的提取效率，在频率为1100kHz时超声提取40min可获得稳定的提取效率。采用Shim-Pack CLC-ODS色谱柱，甲醇：水＝40：60（V／V，％）为流动相，在波长248nm下，测定牛膝中蜕皮甾酮，线性范围为2－200μg/mL（r=0．9998），检出限为0．052μg/mL（S/n=3），加标加收率为98．3％－103％。     

HPLC测定黄芪药材中的毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对我国7个省68个黄芪样品进行了毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷成分的含量测定.以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量作为衡量优劣指标,建立了黄芪药材质量标准,研究不同产地黄芪药材的质量.7个省68个黄芪药材样品检测结果表明,不同产地黄芪药材毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷成分的含量差异较大,其中:山西＞内蒙＞甘肃＞辽宁;不同品种黄芪药材毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷成分的含量差异较大,其中:栽培品种＜野生品种;生长年限不同,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷成分的含量也不同,其中:二年生＞五年生＞三年生＞四年生.采用HPLC进行黄芪药材的质量评价切实可行,为制药企业选用黄芪药材提供科学、可靠的依据.     

HPLC测定黄芪药材芒柄花素

建立黄芪药材质量标准,研究不同产地黄芪药材的质量.采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对我国7个省68个黄芪样品进行了芒柄花素成分的含量测定,以芒柄花素含量作为衡量优劣指标.7个省68个黄芪药材样品检测结果表明,不同产地黄芪药材芒柄花素成分的含量差异较大,其中:山西＞内蒙＞甘肃＞辽宁;不同品种黄芪药材芒柄花素成分的含量差异较大,其中:栽培品种＜野生品种;生长年限不同,芒柄花素成分的含量也不同,其中:二年生＞四年生＞五年生＞三年生.采用HPLC进行黄芪药材的质量评价切实可行,为制药企业选用黄芪药材提供科学、可靠的依据.     

掺钬镱离子的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的一级和二级红外量子剪裁的研究

本文报道了掺钬镱离子的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的一级和二级红外量子剪裁的比较研究．研究发现当0G5能级到0＆能级及之间的能级被激发的时候,大多数的粒子数容易无辐射弛豫到（5F4^5S2）能级．在（0F40＆）能级,由很强的ET7-ETaYb{5F4（Ho）→5I6（Ho）,2F7／2（Yb）→2F5/2（Yb））交叉能量传递渠道,导致Ho3＋离子的粒子数被无损耗的交叉能量传递到5I6能级,同时Yb3＋离子从基态2F7／2能级被激发到2F5/2能级,它导致了两个能被晶体硅有效吸收的红外光子,即一个（1153am,1188am）的红外光子和另一个（973．0nm,1002．0nm）的红外光子,因此出现了显著的双光子一级红外量子剪裁．最后,该文计算了Ho（0．5）Yb（1）：FOV和Ho（0．5）Yb（10．5）：FOV的交叉能量传递效率为ηtr,1％Yb（5FS2）=29．2％,‰,10．5％Yb（5F4^5S2）=99．2％和它们的共合作能量传递效率为ηtr,1％Yb（5F3）=4．18％,ηtr,10．5％Yb（5F3）=75．3％;而它们的双光子量子剪裁效率的理论上限值依次为ηCR,1％Yb（5F4^5S2）=129．2％,ηCR,10．5％Yb（5F4^5S2）=199．2％和ηCO,1％Yb（5F3）=104．18％,ηCO,10.5％Yb（5F3）=175．3％．因此发现了一级红外量子剪裁有比二级红外量子剪裁高较多的概率．该项研究对太阳能电池效率的提高很有意义．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.