共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
The pyroelectric signal from triglycine sulphate has been studied by a focussed He-Ne laser beam and a phase sensitive detection method. It is observed that anti-parallel domains give rise to pyroelectric signals of opposite polarity. The pyroelectric signal is zero when the laser spot is in between anti-parallel domains. The intensity of the pyroelectric signal is recorded and the domain structure is determined. 相似文献
2.
W. Künstler M. Wegener M. Seiß R. Gerhard-Multhaupt 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2001,73(5):641-645
Films of poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer [P(VDF-HFP)] were cast from a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/acetone
solution of Solef?85-15 P(VDF-HFP) copolymer powder grade 21508. Undrawn and uniaxially drawn cast copolymer films were investigated
with respect to their piezo- and pyroelectric properties. Quasistatic charge integration was employed for the determination
of the poling-field dependence of the piezoelectric d31 and pyroelectric p3 coefficients. In addition, the thermal stability of the pyroelectric effect was studied with a combination of thermally stimulated
discharge (TSD) and temperature-modulation techniques. Cast copolymer films could withstand electrical poling fields of up
to 400 MV/m. The maximum values of d31=30 pC/N and p3=49 μC/(m2K) for uniaxially drawn samples are similar to those found on commercial PVDF films and much higher than those on pure PVDF
films cast from solution. Samples kept for 5 min at 150 °C still exhibit 30–40% of the initial pyroelectric effect [up to
around 20 μC/(m2K)]. After this annealing step, no further decay of the pyroelectric coefficient could be observed during storage at 120 °C
for several hours.
Received: 5 July 2001 / Accepted: 27 July 2001 / Published online: 2 October 2001 相似文献
3.
The absorption of radiation with pyroelectric detectors and the thermal properties of these devices are discussed using a simple physical picture — the physics of waves. Considered are the reflection, transmission and interference of electromagnetic and of thermal waves within the pyroelectric sensor arrangement. In particular, thin metal films, quarter wavelength structures, and anti-reflection coatings on metal films as absorber structures are discussed. The effect of the substrate on the pyroelectric response is treated and new figures of merit are introduced for the comparison of sensor materials which are mounted on a heat sink. 相似文献
4.
The use of a TV camera with a standard pyroelectric tube for imaging continuous submillimeter (submm) waves is described. The spectral sensitivity of such pyroelectric vidicon has been measured. The results of experiments on diffraction and interference using submm laser radiation are presented. For the first time, submm images of different objects have been obtained with the aid of a pyroelectric vidicon. It has been shown that a pyroelectric TV camera can be effectively employed in various laser studies as well as in submm imagery technique. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
S. V. Yablonskii E. A. Soto-Bustamante 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2010,111(5):814-821
We show both theoretically and experimentally that passive amplification of the pyroelectric current takes place when modulated
radiation is recorded by a pyroelectric detector in some range of modulation frequencies. The amplification effect manifests
itself in the fact that the current generated by a thin pyroelectric film lying on a massive heat-conducting substrate exceeds
that in a freely suspended film. We use a ferroelectric 70:30 P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer, a crystalline guanidine pyroelectric,
and a 70:30 composition of an achiral liquid-crystal polymer and its monomer PM6R14n-M6R14n to illustrate the frequency dependence
of the pyroelectric current. 相似文献
8.
Gao Xiang 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1990,11(5):641-649
In this paper, the application of the pyroelectric detectors for Far-Infrared laser diagnostics on TOKAMAK plasma is described. We discovered experimentally that the Fabry-Perot interference could affect the performance of the pyroelectric detectors (PED). The improved pyroelectric detector (IPD) was developed for FIR laser coheront measuring. Some designing considerations about the pyroelectric detectors used in high temperature plasma conditions are mentioned. 相似文献
9.
10.
以热释电探测器的工作原理为基础,研究了热释电探测器对重频脉冲激光的瞬态响应特性,建立了热释电探测器对单脉冲激光辐照响应的工作模型,分析了影响探测器频率特性的主要因素。根据材料和结构参数模拟计算了实际应用中的响应模型。设计了信号检测电路并对其进行计算仿真。完成了探测器的频率响应、脉宽响应等实验测量,验证了热释电探测器用于高重频、窄脉冲激光能量测量的可行性。 相似文献
11.
M. R. Webb 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1991,12(10):1225-1231
A pyroelectric detector has been built and characterised for operation within W-band. The various characteristics reported include detectivity, responsivity, NEP, polarisation sensitivity, dynamic range, linearity, and reflectivity (vswr). The pyroelectric detector performs well at these wavelengths and as the detector is inexpensive to build, and is robust, it ought to find many opportunities for use within millimetre-wave laboratories. 相似文献
12.
《Infrared Physics & Technology》1999,40(2):71-78
The contribution of the tertiary pyroelectric effect in LiTaO3 type II pyroelectric detectors is discussed according to the theory of thermoelastics and piezoelectrics, and the spatial bound charge and responsivity generated by the contribution of tertiary pyroelectric effect are described. 相似文献
13.
A simple reflection and transmission theory of plane waves at the interface of pyroelectric media is studied in this paper. In an infinite homogeneous pyroelectric medium, there are four bulk wave modes: quasi-longitudinal (QL), two quasi-transversal (QT) and one temperature (T) waves, whose velocities depend on the frequency and incident angle. Simultaneously, a quasi-surface (QS) wave on each side of the interface of pyroelectric bi-materials will appear in the general reflection and transmission problem. The quasi-surface wave has the same wave vector component with the incident waves along the interface plane. So, the reflection and transmission problem is different with the propagation wave in the infinite homogeneous space, but it is still solvable. In the reflection and transmission problem, there are ten complex continuous conditions on the interface, which are satisfied by the bulk and quasi-surface waves together. Numerical calculations are performed for bi-material PZT-6B/BaTiO3. Incidences of the quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transversal waves from the side of PZT-6B or BaTiO3 medium are discussed. The reflection and transmission amplitude coefficients and energy flow ratios varying with the incident angle are examined. 相似文献
14.
This work demonstrates the use of pyroelectric crystals to induce nuclear reactions. A system based on a pair of pyroelectric crystals is used to ionize gas and accelerate the ions to energies of up to 200 keV. The system operates above room temperature by simply heating or cooling the pyroelectric crystals. A D-D fusion reaction was achieved with this technique, and 2.5 MeV neutrons were detected. The measured neutron yield is in good agreement with the calculated yield. This work also verifies the results published by Naranjo, Gimzewski, and Putterman [Nature (London) 434, 1115 (2005)]. 相似文献
15.
Two LiTaO3 pyroelectric detectors coated with vertically aligned multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) black coatings were assembled and evaluated using NPL’s detector characterisation facilities. The vertically-aligned nanotube array (VANTA) black coatings were grown on a silicon substrate and subsequently lifted off the silicon and bonded on the pyroelectric crystal substrates. Despite some drawbacks, this method was shown to provide a reliable way of coating delicate substrates such as pyroelectric crystals with VANTA coatings. The performance of the coated and uncoated detectors was evaluated and compared by coating only half of the active area of the test detectors, leaving the other half uncoated. The relative spectral responsivity of the VANTA-coated pyroelectric detectors was shown to be spectrally flat in the 0.8–14 μm wavelength range within the uncertainty of the measurements. The spatial uniformity of response of both detectors exhibited fine structure which was assigned either to the thickness of the VANTA coatings or to their bonding to the pyroelectric crystal. Both coated and uncoated detectors exhibited a super-linear response. This observation was expected in the case of the uncoated detectors, but was surprising in the case of the coated detectors and indicates that the thermal conductivity of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes is high along their long axis. The spatial variations of the phase delay experienced by the signal propagating through the VANTA coatings indicate that the thermal diffusivity of the coatings is not spatially uniform. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Electrostatics》2007,65(3):182-188
Large amounts of low-grade heat are emitted from various industries and wasted into the environment. This heat energy can be used as a free source for pyroelectric power generation. We first discuss the principle of pyroelectric conversion based on the differences in crystal structures of copolymer. Then we discuss the pyroelectric conversion of waste heat using copolymer films containing 60% vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and 40% trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and the impact of the preconditioning of the pyroelectric films on the net power output. We discovered that the pre-polarization (poling) of pyroelectric films has a significant beneficial effect by decreasing internal conduction during power conversion. This in turn increased net power output. We were able to reach 95–165 J/L of copolymer used in each cycle even including the internal leakage. We also showed it is critically important to operate the power conversion near the phase transition where electron discharge is the highest. 相似文献
17.
A number of anomalies are revealed in the temperature dependence of the primary pyroelectric coefficient for single-domain crystals of lithium niobate LiNbO3 in the temperature range 310–330 K. It is shown that these anomalies are associated with the transformation of the domain structure of the lithium niobate crystals. The problem regarding the correct performance of the pyroelectric measurements and the possible influence of the observed effects on the optical properties of lithium niobate crystals and on the recording of optical phase holograms are discussed. 相似文献
18.
单晶热释电探测器混合集成制造方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在比较几种探测器集成制造方法的基础上,提出采用各向异性导电膜作为电信号互联的手段,实现热释电探测器与信号处理电路的混合集成,从而演示了一种兼容性良好的集成化多传感器制造方法.对单晶钽酸锂热释电探测器采取机械研磨减薄获得其薄膜,利用3M的5552R各向异性导电膜,实现了探测器与信号读出电路的互联.对探测器的测试表明:机械研磨减薄获得的钽酸锂薄膜表现出与晶体接近的热释电特性,探测器表现出良好的绝热性质和动态响应特性. 相似文献
19.
The effect of an induced deformation and the influence of a planar electric field on the ground state of the ferroelectric Ba0.7Sr0.3O3 thin films deposited on (001)-oriented cubic substrates have been investigated. The dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient on the electric field strength E x in the film plane has been constructed for the values of the induced strain that correspond to different ground states of the film. In the regions where the film can operate in the mode of a dielectric bolometer, there is an electric field in which the pyroelectric coefficient reaches the extreme value. There is also a value of the induced strain at which the pyroelectric effect is most pronounced. 相似文献
20.
A.V. ButenkoV. Sandomirsky R. KahatabiZ. Dashevsky V. KasiyanZ. Zalevsky Y. Schlesinger 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2012,407(3):439-450
We describe here the first comprehensive investigation of a pyroelectric response of a p-n junction in a non-polar paraelectric semiconductor. The pyroelectric effect is generated by the, temperature dependent, built-in electrical dipole moment. High quality PbTe p-n junctions have been prepared specifically for this experiment. The pyroelectric effect was excited by a continuous CO2 laser beam, modulated by a mechanical chopper. The shape and amplitude of the periodic and single-pulse pyroelectric signals were studied as a function of temperature (10-130 K), reverse bias voltage (up to −500 mV) and chopping frequency (4-2000 Hz). The pyroelectric coefficient is ≈10−3 μC/cm2K in the temperature region 40-80 K. The developed theoretical model quantitatively describes all the experimental features of the observed pyroelectric effect. The time evolution of the temperature within the p-n junction was reconstructed. 相似文献