光学生物学应用

Q632007010993基于P3近似的空间分辨漫反射研究=Study of spatially resolved diffuse reflection based on P3 approximation[刊,中]/高宗慧(天津大学理学院光电信息技术科学教育部重点实验室.天津(300072)),刘迎…//光学学报.—2006,26(8).—1220-1225漫射近似理论研究光源附近组织的空间分辨漫反射具有很大局限性。P3近似理论考虑了相函数的三阶矩,能较准确地描述光源附近组织的光辐射分布。研究了基于P3近似的空间分辨漫反射,从输运理论的PN方程组出发,导出了P3近似方程组和P3近似的格林函数解;阐述了漫射近似与P3近似的关系,给出…     

空间分辨漫反射的一阶散射参量灵敏度

以输运理论的P3近似为基础,推导了空间分辨漫反射的一阶散射参量灵敏度的解析表示,并进行了数值分析,比较了散射参量对P3近似和漫射近似漫反射的影响.结果表明:在距光源两个输运平均自由程以内,该灵敏度与相应于漫射近似的灵敏度差别较为明显;距离光源约四个输运平均自由程附近,该灵敏度等于零,并且与光源之距与相应于漫射近似情况也...     

Delta-P1近似漫反射光学模型的二阶参量灵敏度

基于Delta-P₁近似漫反射光学模型, 推导了双点源近似下空间分辨漫反射解对于Henyey-Greenstein散射相函数的二阶参量γ的灵敏度表达式, 研究了参量γ对漫反射分布的影响. 研究表明, 与漫射近似模型相比, Delta-P₁近似漫反射光学模型不仅含有散射相函数的二阶参量γ, 而且在弱吸收或强吸收的情况下, 参量γ对于光源附近(ρ<1.0 mm)的空间分辨漫反射都存在较大的影响(极值大于30%). 因此利用γ研究漫反射光分布对于获取组织光学信息具有重要的意义.     

生物组织的δ-P1近似漫反射光学模型

本文研究了生物组织的改进的δ-P₁近似漫反射光学模型,推导了含有等效光源一阶矩的双点源近似空间分辨漫反射解R_δ－P1(ρ).研究表明,考虑等效光源一阶矩的光学模型,较好地描述了具有强的前向散射特性和较大吸收系数的生物组织散射特性;与漫射近似下的漫反射率R_SDA(ρ)相比,新的光学模型能较好地描述光源附近的漫辐射强度分布,并且由于解析表达式中含有散射相函数的二阶参量γ,这对 关键词： 组织光学 1近似')" href="#">δ-P₁近似 等效光源 微区漫反射     

空间分辨漫反射的高阶参量灵敏度

光源附近的空间分辨漫反射与散射介质的高阶光学参量有关.为了研究高阶参量对漫反射的影响，定义了二阶参量灵敏度和三阶参量灵敏度，它们表示了由于高阶参量变化导致漫反射变化的相对量.从P₃近似理论出发，推导了二阶参量灵敏度和三阶参量灵敏度的解析表示，并进行了数值分析和比较.研究表明，在大于一个输运平均自由程的非漫射近似区域，反射率随二阶光学参量增加而增加，其灵敏度随着空间变化，并在小于两个输运平均自由程内出现极大值；相比之下，三阶光学参量对漫反射率的影响可以忽略. 关键词： 漫反射 3近似')" href="#">P₃近似 灵敏度     

激光应用 激光医学

R318．51 2006065004生物组织中高阶光学参量对空间分辨漫反射的影响=In- fluenee of high-order parameters on tissue spatially re- solved reflectance[刊,中]/单筱莜(鞍山师范学院．辽宁,鞍山市(114005))．刘迎…//光电子·激光．—2006,17(6)．—767-771采用Monte Carlo方法研究了生物组织的二阶和三阶光学参量对空间分辨漫反射率R(ρ)的影响。当光源与探测器问距离ρ为几个输运平均自由程l_1时,漫射近似理论不再适用,R(ρ)与散射相函数的高阶Legendre矩有关。     

光源附近空间分辨漫反射的SP3研究

根据P₃近似对半无限生物组织的空间分辨漫反射理论,研究了强吸收条件下光源附近 光辐射分布的简化表达式SP₃函数.研究表明:组织吸收越强, SP₃函数越能准确描述光源附近空间 分辨漫反射;应用SP₃函数反演强吸收组织光学参数时,由不同起始距离的漫反射数据拟合得到的反演 结果曲线存在极值,极值附近对应的反演结果最接近实际组织光学参数.     

基于delta-P1近似模型的空间分辨漫反射一阶散射参量灵敏度研究

以delta-P1近似光学模型为基础, 推导了双点源近似下空间分辨漫反射一阶散射参量μ_s'灵敏度的解析式, 并进行了数值分析和比较. 研究表明, 与混合漫射近似模型和漫射近似模型相比, delta-P1 近似模型能更好地描述强散射较强吸收情况下近光源区域生物组织漫反射光子的分布, 且在有效反照率a'>0.83时, 获得最佳优化距离ρ_opt, ρ_opt 随μ_s' 的增大而减小, 且在距光源约2.7—4个输运平均自由程处μ_s'的变化对测量吸收的影响最小. 这项研究对于优化传感器几何结构以及生物组织光学参量的测量具有重要意义.     

用双点源δ-P1近似光学模型反演生物组织的光学参量

根据空间分辨漫反射的双点源δ-P₁近似理论模型,采用非线性最小二乘法,从反射率的测量数据中反演得到了生物组织的吸收系数μ_a、有效散射系数μ' _s和二阶参量γ.研究表明,在光源与探测器之间距离大于一个输运平均自由程的情况下,双点源δ-P₁近似能较好地描述光源附近的光辐射分布,而且能够根据参量γ与μ' _s的关系得到组织的各向异性因子g.这些研究对于生物组织的光学性质测量以及漫反射光谱技术的应用具有重要意义. 关键词： 组织光学 P₁近似')" href="#">δ-P₁近似 光学参量 双点源     

平稳状态下匹配介质三层漫射方程的空间分辨漫反射

如果应用漫射方程分析和确定生物表面组织的光学特性,就能够确定生物活体是否发生病变,实现生物活体的无损探测。目前,光在生物体内传播常用的基本模型是半无限厚模型和两层介质模型。而实际上,人体组织为多层介质。根据漫射方程理论,在平稳状态条件下,使用外推边界条件,精确给出了匹配介质中平稳状态下三层体系光的漫射方程格林函数的解。通过此解,可以算出空间分辨漫反射。使用蒙特卡罗方法来验证三层体系的漫射方程,发现我们给出的理论解,不仅可以包括与Kienle的结论一致的两层体系模型的空间分辨漫反射的解,而且三层体系漫射方程的空间分辨漫反射解和蒙特卡罗方法基本一致。     

Finite element approximation of the Fokker-Planck equation for diffuse optical tomography

In diffuse optical tomography, light transport theory is used to describe photon propagation inside turbid medium. A commonly used simplification for the radiative transport equation is the diffusion approximation due to computational feasibility. However, it is known that the diffusion approximation is not valid close to the sources and boundary and in low-scattering regions. Fokker-Planck equation describes light propagation when scattering is forward-peaked. In this article a numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation using finite element method is developed. Approach is validated against Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the diffusion approximation. The results show that the Fokker-Planck equation gives equal or better results than the diffusion approximation on the boundary of a homogeneous medium and in turbid medium containing a low-scattering region when scattering is forward-peaked.     

利用空间分辨漫反射无损测量生物组织的光学参量

利用空间分辨漫反射光确定生物组织的光学参量进行了实验研究，分别用光纤探测器和CCD无损测量了半无限大生物组织(牛脂肪和牛肉)表面的漫反射光的径向分布．由漫射方程对漫反射光强的相对分布值作非线性拟合确定了生物组织的吸收系数和约化散射系数，所得结果与国外报道的绝对测量法测量的结果相比，其差别小于9．4％．研究结果表明，光纤测量和CCD测量有较好的一致性，而CCD探测具有测量准确、简单和快捷的特点。     

The Infrared Ray Transport in an N-Layered Matched Skin

Infrared ray (IR) has great potential in medical diagnosis and therapy. In order to detect tumor in skin, we set up the steady-state and time domain IR diffusion model of an n-layered matched medium with an infinitely thick. We utilize the diffuse equation to solve a five-layered infinite matched medium and obtain the accurate solution of a matched medium of the steady state and time domain in tissue. We compare the steady-state spatially resolved reflectance calculated with Monte-Carlo simulations. The Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the solution is valid. Our equation can be used to obtain the tumor information in medical diagnosis and therapy.     

Radiation transport and internal reflection in a two region, turbid sphere

We construct an integral equation for the flux intensity in a scattering and absorbing two-region turbid spherical medium using the integro-differential form of the radiative transfer equation. The sphere is uniformly irradiated by an external source of arbitrary angular distribution and contains a distributed volume source. Anisotropic scattering is accounted for by the transport approximation. The Fresnel boundary conditions, which incorporate reflection and refraction, are used at the outer surface and at the interface between the two regions. In this respect, some new interfacial boundary conditions are introduced. For the special case of a non-scattering medium, we obtain exact solutions for specular reflection. Some numerical examples are given which show qualitative agreement with some recent work of other authors. Of particular interest are the emergent angular distribution and the albedo of the surface as a function of the refractive index and the radii of the two regions. We also draw attention to the fact that the boundary conditions at the interface differ according to the relative values of the refractive indices in the two regions. The interfacial boundary conditions for use in diffusion theory are derived and compared with those of Aronson [Boundary conditions for diffusion of light. J opt Soc Am 1995;12:2532]. In appendix B, we show how diffusion theory may be used to include scattering into the problem in a simple way.     

基于多光谱漫反射的牛肉品质参数检测方法研究

为了满足生鲜肉品质参数无损检测领域,对轻便式、低成本设备的开发需求,提出一种基于多光谱漫反射技术的生鲜肉品质检测方法。首先根据漫反射近似理论,结合牛肉样品散射系数、吸收系数及折射率等参数,在无线细垂直光束的蒙特卡洛仿真的基础上,对具有一定发散角度LED光源进行了初始化的校正,分别从光源照射位置概率分布、不同角度的照射概率分布、仰角、方向角的概率分布、不同角度光线入射样品时反射引起能量损失及对光子权重的影响,得到在LED光源发散角情况下,不同源探距下的漫反射率与检测深度,确定了光源与检测器之间的最佳距离为15 mm,然后根据此距离,搭建了多光谱漫反射检测平台,检测平台由8组中心波长为470,535,575,610,650,720,780和960 nm的LED光源组成,与所要检测的生鲜牛肉品质参数相对应。同时利用LED光源的发散角,确定了光源到样品表面的垂直距离与每个光源的安装位置,保证光源照射到样品的区域是均匀的。样品的漫射光强经由信号采集与放大电路的处理后传至上位机,并在上位机完成建模与分析。最后为验证该检测系统的性能,以生鲜牛肉新鲜度参数中的颜色(L*,a*,b*)与pH值为指标,利用60个样品进行了试验,分别得到8个光源下的原始光强值与校正后的反射率值,然后将牛肉样品按照3∶1比例分为校正集与预测集,针对原始光强值与反射率值,分别利用多元线性回归(multiple linear regression, MLR),偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression, PLSR)与偏最小二乘支持向量机回归(partial least-squares support vector machine, LS-SVM)三种方法,建立各个参数在原始光强与反射率数据两种情况下的预测模型,并得到最佳模型结果。结果表明,利用反射率数据建模结果均好于光强数据结果,其中参数L*,a*,b*的MLR建模结果优于PLSR与LS-SVR,其预测集相关系数分别为0.983 2,0.907 2及0.935 9,预测集误差分别为1.00,2.14及0.67。参数pH值的LS-SVR建模结果优于PLSR与MLR,其预测集相关系数为0.942 0,误差为0.19。最后利用未参与试验的20块牛肉样品对模型进行了验证,颜色L*,a*,b*及pH参数的预测值与实测值的相关系数均大于0.85,结果证明,利用多光谱漫反射技术以及所搭建的多光谱漫反射检测系统对生鲜牛肉品质参数检测是可行的,该方法能够为设计便携式或微型化生鲜牛肉品质的无损检测仪器提供参考与依据。     

Image reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography using the coupled radiative transport-diffusion model

The coupled radiative transport-diffusion model can be used as light transport model in situations in which the diffusion equation is not a valid approximation everywhere in the domain. In the coupled model, light propagation is modelled with the radiative transport equation in sub-domains in which the approximations of the diffusion equation are not valid, such as within low-scattering regions, and the diffusion approximation is used elsewhere in the domain. In this paper, an image reconstruction method for diffuse optical tomography based on using the coupled radiative transport-diffusion model is developed. In the approach, absorption and scattering distributions are estimated by minimising a regularised least-squares error between the measured data and solution of the coupled model. The approach is tested with simulations. Reconstructions from different cases including domains with low-scattering regions are shown. The results show that the coupled radiative transport-diffusion model can be utilised in image reconstruction problem of diffuse optical tomography and that it produces as good quality reconstructions as the full radiative transport equation also in the presence of low-scattering regions.     

Diffuse reflection of light from a dense random medium using fibres dipped into the medium

Abstract

Diffuse reflection of a narrow collimated light beam from a slab of a dense random medium is considered theoretically and experimentally for the case of the source and the detector fibres dipped into the random medium, as is the case for an endoscopic catheter. By use of the diffusion approximation, a simple and physically clear analytical expression is derived for the distribution of the diffuse reflectance of the light beam along the surface of the random medium slab. We include the effects of reflections from the top and bottom surfaces of the slab. The analytical expression derived predicts that, in the case of small absorption, the relative reflectance is a universal function defined by the geometrical parameters and is independent of specific properties of the random medium. The theoretical prediction is found to show good agreement with the results of measurements.