Square wave analysis of the solid-vapor adsorption heat pump

A thermally driven heat pump using a solid/vapor adsorption/desorption compression process in a vapor compression cycle is thermodynamically analyzed. The cycle utilizes a simple heat transfer fluid circulating loop for heating and cooling two solid adsorbent beds. This heat transfer fluid loop also serves to transmit heat recovered from the adsorbing bed being cooled to the desorbing bed being heated. This heat recovery process greatly improves the efficiency of the single stage solid/vapor adsorption process without the complication of a two stage cycle. During the heating and cooling processes a thermal wave profile travels through the beds. This paper uses a square wave representation for the true shape of the thermal wave. However, this square wave is assumed to stop short of the bed ends to account for realistic finite waveforms. The square wave model is integrated into a thermodynamic cycle which provides detailed information on the performance of the beds as well as the COP and the heating and cooling outputs of the heat pump system. Significant cycle design and operating parameters are varied to determine their effect on cycle performance.     

二极管泵浦300 W热容固体激光器

开展了热容二极管泵浦固体激光器理论和实验研究,针对热容工作模式下工作物质的激光特性进行了初步分析,数值模拟了激光介质增益分布及温度场、应力场分布,初步完成了热容激光器实验平台的建立,在平均泵浦功率1.25 kW的激励条件下获得了大于300 W的激光输出,连续出光时间为5 s,占空比为15%,光-光转换效率约为25%.     

Gas fired sorption heat pump development

The heat-driven sorption heat pump cycle appears in U.S. patent literature as early as 1909, and refrigerators employing a solid sorbent were commercially available in the 1920s. This paper will describe a program to develop a gas-driven heat pump which demonstrates the simplicity and low cost potential of the original sorption cycle, while achieving high effieciency through regeneration. Regeneration is accomplished by circulating a heat transfer fluid through two solid sorbent beds being alternately heated and cooled. The current development program uses a proprietary “thermal wave” concept in which over 70% of the total bed input heat required per cycle is supplied by regeneration. The primary component requiring development is the sorbent bed containing the heat transfer fluid/sorbent heat exchanger. Considerable analysis has been carried out and several prototype beds have been built and tested. Analytical and experimental results for one bed design are presented and discussed in the paper.     

Lattice heat capacities of solid argon

An anharmonic rigid-atom model has been used to study the heat capacities of solid argon. The model derives the interatomic forces by BuckinghamCorner potential and takes account of all neighbour interaction. The contribution of the cubic and quartic terms of the potential energy expansion to the heat capacities have been accounted for through Helmholtz-free energy by perturbation theory. It is concluded that the model is most suitable among the ones designed for the class of solids to which argon belongs.     

A composite grid solver for conjugate heat transfer in fluid–structure systems

We describe a numerical method for modeling temperature-dependent fluid flow coupled to heat transfer in solids. This approach to conjugate heat transfer can be used to compute transient and steady state solutions to a wide range of fluid–solid systems in complex two- and three-dimensional geometry. Fluids are modeled with the temperature-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using the Boussinesq approximation. Solids with heat transfer are modeled with the heat equation. Appropriate interface equations are applied to couple the solutions across different domains. The computational region is divided into a number of sub-domains corresponding to fluid domains and solid domains. There may be multiple fluid domains and multiple solid domains. Each fluid or solid sub-domain is discretized with an overlapping grid. The entire region is associated with a composite grid which is the union of the overlapping grids for the sub-domains. A different physics solver (fluid solver or solid solver) is associated with each sub-domain. A higher-level multi-domain solver manages the entire solution process.     

Pore-resolved simulations of porous media combustion with conjugate heat transfer

Porous media combustion (PMC) is an active field of research with a number of potential advantages over free-flame combustors. A key contributor to these phenomena is the interphase heat exchange and heat recirculation from the products upstream to the reactants. In this paper, we present a network model that captures the conjugate heat transfer in pore-resolved 2D simulations of PMC. A series of simulations are presented with varying solid conduction and inlet velocity to isolate the role of conjugate heat transfer on the salient features of the burner, including flame stability, axial temperature profiles, and flame structure. We show that both the flame stabilization and the propagation behavior are strongly related to the conjugate heat transfer, and the flame stability regime is shifted to higher velocities as the conductivity of the solid material is increased.     

Adsorbate vibrational mode enhancement of radiative heat transfer

We show that radiative heat transfer between two solid surfaces at short separation may increase by many orders of magnitude when the surfaces are covered by adsorbates. In this case, the heat transfer is determined by resonant photon tunneling between adsorbate vibrational modes. We propose an experiment to check the theory.     

Contribution of the short-range order to the effects of heat treatment on Cu-Al solid solutions

The contributions from the short-range order to the heat of transition and to the density change are discussed for Cu-Al solid solutions; it is confirmed that the transitions in undeformed Cu-Al solid solutions cannot be explained in terms of the short-range order alone.     

基于热传导原理电枢平均磨损率计算

在假设导轨为半无限长固体导体及电枢表面磨损主要是熔化磨损条件下,基于固体接触面导热原理,推导出电枢和导轨温度分布方程,提出了电枢平均磨损率计算方法。利用此方法分析了驱动电流、电枢和导轨材料匹配和接触面积参数对电枢平均磨损率影响。将平均磨损率计算结果与Stefani和Parker的实验结果进行对比,二者吻合较好,从而为建立电磁轨道炮磨损率与转捩之间的关系提供理论支持。     

Vacancy-induced heat transfer in solid Kr and Ar

We have measured constant-volume thermal conductivities of solid krypton at six molar volumes between 28.84 and 29.54 cm³ mole^?1 and of solid argon at a molar volume of 24.30 cm³ mole^?1 at temperatures of order and above the respective Debye temperatures. An excess thermal conductivity above that following from the T^? law is ascribed to an additional energy flux carried over by vacancies. The estimated activation energy Q_P for self-diffusion derived from the constant-volume values Q_V as determined from the temperature dependences of the “excess” thermal conductivities are in good agreement with the available data of direct diffusion measurements in solid Ar and Kr.     

Electrical analogy of transient heat flow in laser rods

An analog circuit is presented for the determination of the transient thermal profile in optically pumped laser rods. The model can be used to simulate the behavior of solid and hollow cylindrical rods under single shot and repetition rate conditions. The design of a particular circuit is given as well as experimental results.     

Symmetric heat and mass transfer in a rotating spherical layer

The general theory of heat and mass transfer maintaining rotation with slightly different velocities under conditions typical for cores of planets in the solar system is developed for the first time. The analytic solution is obtained for thermal and diffusion equations without nonlinear terms responsible for the convective transfer. This spherically symmetric basic solution is applicable when the thermal flux from a planet core is weaker than or comparable to the adiabatic (radiative) flux. In the general case, by subtracting the basic solution, we simplified the inhomogeneous system of convective equations to obtain a completely homogeneous and dimensionless system. The latter system is controlled by two asymptotically small parameters: the Rossby number ε<10^?5, which characterizes the relative value of differential rotation, and the generalized Eckman number E<10^?12, which characterizes the relative role of viscosity-diffusion effects during rapid rotation. The principal order of the solution for ε →0 and then for \(\sqrt E \to 0\), for the transfer coefficients close to molecular coefficients, results in the basic flow, which is symmetric with respect to the rotation axis and directed predominantly along the azimuth. The basic-flow liquid ascends from a solid core along spirals inside an axial cylinder in contact with the equator of the solid core and descends in a narrow layer along the cylinder walls. The moment of viscous forces in the inner boundary Eckman layer provides a faster rotation of the inner solid core of terrestrial planets compared to a massive outer mantle due to the growth of the solid core at the expense of a low-density liquid core.     

Liquid crystal heat transfer measurements in a rectangular channel with solid and slit rib

An experimental investigation on the heat transfer effectiveness of solid and slit ribs mounted on the bottom surface of a rectangular channel has been carried out at Reynolds numbers of 13400, 22600, 32100 and 40800. The rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio (e/D _h)set during experiment is equal to 0.0624. The surface Nusselt number results from transient liquid crystal thermography are presented. The heat transfer enhancement performance analysis has been carried out using entropy generation principle. The slit rib is superior to solid rib from both heat transfer augmentation and pressure penalty point of view. The performance of the slit rib is a function of the open area ratio (β) and the location of the slit (b) from the bottom test surface. The optimum open area ratio is 20% and the slit located symmetrically from the top and bottom surface of the rib is the optimum location of the slit. The heat transfer augmentation of the slit rib (β=20%) is 61% in comparison to 40% for the solid rib at Re=32100 and the pressure penalty for the slit rib is 7% lower than the solid rib. The entropy generation for the slit rib is 33% less than that of the solid rib.     

固气相变蒸发热的计算

用固体的Einstein模型与Debye模型分别导出了相应模型的固气相变的蒸发热和蒸发压公式，并对其做了数值计算，结果表明，蒸发热与温度之间近似呈线性关系，这与工程上经验近似是一致的。     

High-temperature heat capacity of Bi2CuO4

The heat capacity of Bi₂CuO₄ has been measured over a wide temperature range. The thermodynamic functions of the solid oxide compound have been calculated using the experimental data.     

Specific heat of solid deuterium in the region of the proposed rotational glass phase

The specific heat of solid deuterium of 33% paradeuterium concentration has been measured for 1 K > T > 0.115K by a thermal relaxation technique. No evidence of a phase transition was found in the samples in the temperature range associated with the molecular rotational glass phase. No thermal remanence effects were observed for characteristic measurements times greater than 30 seconds. Integration of the specific heat indicates that rotational entropy of the solid below 0.35 Kelvin equals about 10% of the free rotator entropy, in agreement with ?P/?T)_V studies of solid H₂.     

电热法测固体比热容实验的改进

探讨了电热法测固体的比热容实验装置的改进,并介绍用自补偿方式消除系统误差的方法,用集成温度传感器AD590测量温度,通过模拟电路调零和放大,其温度由数字毫伏表直接显示,用不锈钢真空杜瓦瓶代替量热器。     

Lattice spacing and isosteric heat of argon monolayers below 50K

The lattice constants of 2D solid Ar adsorbed on graphite are reported for many combinations of T and vapor pressure P, where 30 < T < 50 K and 10^?7 < P < 10^?4 Torr. Low-energy electron-diffraction patterns of high resolution provide accuracy to ±0.01 Å. Straight lines are fitted through points of constant lattice spacing on a log P versus T^?1 plot; their slopes and intercepts yield isosteric heats of adsorption as well as estimates of the 2D isothermal compressibility of the Ar solid. Comparison is made to calorimetric measurements of isosteric heat, and to a previous LEED compressibility measurement performed isothermally at 42 K.     

Magneto-thermo-elastic interactions in an infinite solid due to some time-dependent heat sources

To determine the distribution of stress, strain, temperature, electric and magnetic fields in an infinite solid when it is subjected to a time-dependent heat source, is the aim of the present paper. The solutions have been achieved by means of Fourier and Laplace transforms.     

An analytical discrete-ordinates solution for dual-mode heat transfer in a cylinder

A modern analytical version of the discrete-ordinates method is used along with Hermite cubic splines and Newton's method to solve a class of coupled nonlinear radiation-conduction heat-transfer problems in a solid cylinder. Computational details of the solution are discussed, and the algorithm is implemented to establish high-quality results for various data sets which include some difficult cases.