Two-dimensional molecular pattern in the structure of a calcium(II) complex with pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate and water ligands

The structure of di(aquo-O)(pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato-N,O; -O′,O′′) calcium(II) hydrate [Ca(2,3-PZDC)(H₂O)₂·;H₂O] contains molecular sheets in which Ca(II) ions are bridged by the carboxylate groups of the ligand molecules. Two bridging paths are evident. In the first, an N,O-bonding moiety formed by a hetero-ring nitrogen atom and the carboxylate oxygen atom nearest to it and both oxygen atoms of the second carboxylic group are active. The second path is formed by the other oxygen atom from the carboxylic group involved in the N,O-bonding moiety and an oxygen atom from the second carboxylic group. The latter atom is bidentate. A two-dimensional molecular pattern is formed. Each Ca(II) ion is also coordinated by two water oxygen atoms, making the number of coordinated atoms eight. The coordination polyhedron is a distorted pentagonal bipyramid with an oxygen atom at the apex on one side of the equatorial plane and two oxygen atoms forming the apices on the other side.     

Catenated polymeric molecular patterns in structures of two calcium(II) complexes with pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate (quinolinic) and water ligands

The structure of triclinic catena-tetraquo(μ-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylato-N,O; O′)calcium(II) is composed of two symmetry independent Ca(II) ions and two independent ligand molecules. Each Ca(II) is coordinated by a N,O-bonding moiety of a ligand, four water oxygens, and a carboxylate oxygen donated by an adjacent bridging ligand. The resulting molecular ribbons are propagating in the [010] crystal direction. Both Ca(II) ions are eight coordinate forming a capped pentagonal bipyramidal with strongly distorted pentagonal equatorial planes. Hydrogen bonds between carboxylate oxygens and coordinated waters are responsible for the stability of the structure. The orthorhombic structure of catena-trisaquo[(μ-2, 3-dicarboxypyridin-1-ium-O,O′; O′′) (H pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylato-N,O)]calcium(II) is composed of molecular ribbons in which the bridging of Ca(II) ions occurs through a ligand using one bidentate carboxylate. The other carboxylate of this ligand donates only one O atom to Ca(II), the second remaining inactive. A proton is attached to the hetero-nitrogen. Each Ca(II) is also chelated by a N,O-bonding moiety of a second ligand, which does not bridge and its second carboxylate remains protonated. Three water oxygen atoms complete the coordination around the Ca(II) ion to eight. The resulting coordination polyhedron is a capped pentagonal bipyramid with a strongly distorted equatorial plane. Hydrogen bonds in which coordinated waters act as donors are responsible for the stability of the structure.     

The Crystal Structures of Two Polymorphic Forms of a Calcium(II) Complex with Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylate,Water and Nitrate Ligands

The calcium (II) complex: catena-mono(μ-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato-O:O:N;O') (diaqua-O)mono (nitrato-O:O)calcium(II) exists in two polymorphic forms. Each contains molecular ribbons in which adjacent Ca(II) ions are bridged by monodentate oxygen atoms donated by one carboxylate group of the pyridine-2,6-carboxylate ligand. Apart from this bridging oxygen atom, the Ca(II) ion is coordinated by two carboxylate oxygen atoms contributed by a different carboxylate group of the ligand molecule, the heteroring nitrogen atom, two water oxygen atoms and two oxygen atoms of a nitrate group giving rise to a distorted pentagonal bipyramid as a coordination polyhedron. The structures of the polymorphic modifications differ in the way in which the nitrate ligands are oriented with respect to the equatorial planes of the adjacent Ca(II) coordination polyhedra: the trans mode in the α-form; the cis mode in the β-form. In both forms, hydrogen bonds operate between the carboxylate oxygen atoms, water oxygen atoms and nitrate oxygen atoms.     

Three-dimensional polymeric molecular pattern in the structure of a Ca(II) complex with pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylate and water ligands

Triclinic unit cell [space group P 1] of the calcium(II) complex with pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylate (2,3,5,6-PZTC) and water ligands [poly-bis(μ-aqua)di(μ-pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylate)tetracalcium(II)] contains four Ca(II) ions in two symmetry independent sites, two 2,3,5,6-PZTC ligands with their geometrical centers at the inversion centers at 0, 1/2, 1/2 and 0, 1/2, 0 and two coordinated water molecules. Metal ions are bridged by the ligand molecules via their N,O bonding moieties and carboxylate oxygen atoms as well as coordinated water oxygen atoms producing a densely packed three-dimensional molecular pattern. The Ca1 ion coordinates eight atoms at the corners of a distorted bicapped tetragonal bipyramid. The coordination number of the Ca2 ion is seven in a strongly distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The pyrazine ring planes of the ligands are parallel to each other forming molecular sheets stacked normal to the a axis. They are interconnected by carboxylate oxygen atoms coordinating calcium ions located between the adjacent sheets.     

The Crystal Structures of Two Calcium(II) Complexes with Pyrazine- 2,6-Dicarboxylate and Water Ligands

The structure of catena-{bis[(μ-aqua)(diaqua)(pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylato-O,N-μ-O')](calcium(II)} consists of dimeric units composed of two calcium(II) ions, two ligand molecules and six water molecules. The calcium ions are bridged by two bidentate oxygen atoms, each donated by one carboxylic group of the ligand. The Ca(II) ion is also coordinated by one oxygen atom of the second carboxylate group and the hetero-ring nitrogen atom belonging to the same ligand molecule. Both calcium ions in a dimer are bridged to the Ca(II) ions in adjacent dimers by a pair of water molecules forming infinite molecular ribbons. In addition, each Ca(II) ion is coordinated by three water molecules; one of them is used for bridging the adjacent dimer. The coordination polyhedron around the Ca(II) ion is a pentagonal bipyramid with two apices above and one apex below the equatorial plane. The same molecular pattern is observed in the structure of catena-{bis[(μ-aqua)(diaqua)(pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylato-O,N-μ-O')](calcium(II)} dihydrate which, in addition, contains two solvation water molecules per unit cell. In both compounds the molecular ribbons are held together by extended systems of hydrogen bonds.     

Dimeric Molecules in the Crystals of a Calcium(II) Complex with Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylate and Water Ligands

The crystals of bis[ w -pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato-O,N,O')]bis[trisaqua-calcium(II)] di(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) contain dimeric molecules composed of two calcium(II) ions and two ligand molecules. Calcium ions are bridged by two bidentate oxygen atoms each donated by one carboxylic group of the ligand [Ca―N 2.467(2)Å], a monodentate oxygen atom of the second carboxylate group of the ligand [Ca―N 2.484(2)Å] and three oxygen atoms donated by the water molecules [mean Ca―O 2.388(2)Å]. The coordination polyhedron is a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. Acid molecules were found to be located in the space between dimers and involved in an extended network of hydrogen bonds.     

MOLECULAR RIBBONS COMPOSED OF CALCIUM(II) IONS BRIDGED BY CARBOXYLATE AND WATER OXYGEN ATOMS IN THE CRYSTALS OF Ca(II) COMPLEX WITH 5-METHYLPYRAZINE-2-CARBOXYLATE LIGANDS

Abstract

Crystals of monoaquo(μ-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylato-N,O,O′), (5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxyato-N,O)di(μ-aquo-O,O)calcium(II) contain molecular ribbons in which two adjacent calcium(II) ions are bridged by two bidentate oxygen atoms donated by two ligand molecules on one side and bidentate oxygen atoms of two water molecules on the other. The coordination polyhedron around the Ca(II) ion is a pentagonal bipyramid. The vertices of its pentagonal base are composed of two bridging water oxygen atoms, two carboxylate oxygen atoms of two ligand molecules and a nitrogen atom belonging to one of the bridging ligands. A coordinated water molecule constitutes the apex of the pyramid on one side of the base, while the N, O bonding moiety of a second ligand molecule makes two apices on the other side of the base. The ribbons are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds.     

Crystal structures of two Ca(II) complexes with imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate and water ligands

The structure of compound I: poly-diaqua(μ-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylato-N,O; -O′; -O′′, -O′′′) calcium(II) monohydrate [Ca(C₅H₂N₂O₄)(H₂O)₂·H₂O] is built of molecular sheets in which imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate ligands bridge the metal ions using both carboxylate groups, each bidentate. Ca(II) is coordinated by six oxygen atoms and one hetero-ring nitrogen atom distributed at the apices of a capped tetragonal bipyramid. The basal plane of the pyramid is formed by two carboxylate oxygen atoms [d(Ca–O2?=?2.374(1)?Å, d(Ca–O4)?=?2.412(1)?Å] and two water oxygen atoms [d(Ca–O5)?=?2.384(1)?Å, d(Ca–O6)?=?2.455(1)?Å], the capped position is occupied by the carboxylate oxygen atom O3 [d(Ca–O3)?=?2.325(1)?Å], the hetero-ring nitrogen atom [d(Ca–N2)?=?2.523(1)?Å] and the carboxylate oxygen atom O4 [d(Ca–O2)?= 2.412(1)?Å] form the apices of the prism. The solvation water molecule plays a significant role in a framework of hydrogen bonds responsible for the stability of the crystal. The structure of compound II: trans-tetraquadi(H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylato-N,O) calcium(II) monohydrate, [Ca(C₅H₃N₂O₄)₂(H₂O)₄·H₂O] consists of monomers in which the Ca(II) ion is located on a centre of symmetry. The coordination around the Ca(II) is a strongly deformed pentagonal bipyramidal with the imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (4,5-IDA) ligands in the trans arrangement forming a dihedral angle of 68.3°. An imidazole-ring nitrogen atom [d(Ca–N)?=?2.632(2)?Å] and one carboxylate O atom [d(Ca–O)?=?2.531(2)?Å] from each ligand coordinate to the metal ion. The coordination is completed by four water oxygen atoms [d(Ca–O)?=?2.393(2)?Å] and [d(Ca–O)?=?2.367(2)?Å]. The coordinated water molecules act as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors to the unbonded carboxylate oxygen atoms in adjacent monomers giving rise to a three-dimensional molecular network.     

The Crystal and Molecular Structure of a New Calcium(II) Complex with Pyridine-2,6-DiCarboxylate,Water and Nitrate Ligands

Crystals of {catena-[μ-aqua-O]bis[μ-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato-O,N-O']} {[monoaqua-nitrato, O-calcium(II)] [diaqua-calcium(II)]} contain dimeric units composed of two calcium(II) ions and two ligand molecules, in which the calcium ions are bridged by two bidentate oxygen atoms, each donated by one carboxylic group of the ligand. The Ca(II) ion is also coordinated by one oxygen atom of the second carboxylate group and the hetero-ring nitrogen atom belonging to the same ligand molecule. The dimers form molecular chains through protons situated at the symmetry centers halfway between the non-bridging carboxylate oxygen atoms. In addition, both calcium ions in the dimer are bridged to calcium ions in adjacent dimers - each by a pair water oxygen molecules giving rise to two-dimensional molecular sheets. Coordination of the Ca ion in the dimer is completed either by two water oxygen atoms or by one water oxygen atom and an oxygen atom donated by a nitrate group. The molecular sheets are held together by an extended system of hydrogen bonds.     

Tetrakis(μ‐2,3‐dimethoxybenzoato)bis[(2,2′‐bipyridine)(2,3‐dimethoxybenzoato)lanthanum(III)]

The title compound, tetrakis(μ‐2,3‐di­methoxy­benzoato)‐κ⁴O:O′;κ⁶O,O′:O′‐bis[(2,2′‐bi­pyridine‐N,N′)(2,3‐di­methoxy­benzoato‐O,O′)lanthanum(III)], [La₂(2,3‐DMOBA)₆(2,2′‐bpy)₂], where 2,3‐DMOBA is 2,3‐di­methoxy­benzoate (C₉H₉O₄) and 2,2′‐bpy is 2,2′‐bi­pyridine (C₁₀H₈N₂), is a dimer with a centre of inversion between the La atoms bridged by four carboxyl­ate ligands. The central La atom is ennea‐coordinated and has a distorted monocapped square‐antiprism geometry.     

Phenanthroline complexes of zinc and calcium carbamates

Bis(N,N‐di‐n‐butyl­di­thio­carbamato‐κ²S,S′)(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ²N,N′)­zinc(II) ethanol hemisolvate, [Zn(C₉H₁₈NS₂)₂(C₁₂H₈N₂)]·0.5C₂H₆O, (I), and bis(N,N‐di‐n‐hexyldithiocarbamato‐κ²S,S′)­bis(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ²N,N′)calcium(II), [Ca(C₁₃H₂₆NS₂)₂(C₁₂H₈N₂)₂], (II), are mixed‐ligand com­plexes. In the first compound, the Zn atom has a distorted octahedral coordination, while in the second compound, the Ca atom is eight‐coordinate, with four S and four N atoms forming a highly distorted cube.     

Zoledronate complexes. III. Two zoledronate complexes with alkaline earth metals: [Mg(C5H9N2O7P2)2(H2O)2] and [Ca(C5H8N2O7P2)(H2O)]n

Diaquabis[dihydrogen 1‐hydroxy‐2‐(imidazol‐3‐ium‐1‐yl)ethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonato‐κ²O,O′]magnesium(II), [Mg(C₅H₉N₂O₇P₂)₂(H₂O)₂], consists of isolated dimeric units built up around an inversion centre and tightly interconnected by hydrogen bonding. The Mg^II cation resides at the symmetry centre, surrounded in a rather regular octahedral geometry by two chelating zwitterionic zoledronate(1−) [or dihydrogen 1‐hydroxy‐2‐(imidazol‐3‐ium‐1‐yl)ethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonate] anions and two water molecules, in a pattern already found in a few reported isologues where the anion is bound to transition metals (Co, Zn and Ni). catena‐Poly[[aquacalcium(II)]‐μ₃‐[hydrogen 1‐hydroxy‐2‐(imidazol‐3‐ium‐1‐yl)ethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonato]‐κ⁵O:O,O′:O′,O′′], [Ca(C₅H₈N₂O₇P₂)(H₂O)]_n, consists instead of a Ca^II cation in a general position, a zwitterionic zoledronate(2−) anion and a coordinated water molecule. The geometry around the Ca^II atom, provided by six bisphosphonate O atoms and one water ligand, is that of a pentagonal bipyramid with the Ca^II atom displaced by 0.19 Å out of the equatorial plane. These Ca^II coordination polyhedra are `threaded' by the 2₁ axis so that successive polyhedra share edges of their pentagonal basal planes. This results in a strongly coupled rhomboidal Ca₂–O₂ chain which runs along [010]. These chains are in turn linked by an apical O atom from a –PO₃ group in a neighbouring chain. This O‐atom, shared between chains, generates strong covalently bonded planar arrays parallel to (100). Finally, these sheets are linked by hydrogen bonds into a three‐dimensional structure. Owing to the extreme affinity of zoledronic acid for bone tissue, in general, and with calcium as one of the major constituents of bone, it is expected that this structure will be useful in modelling some of the biologically interesting processes in which the drug takes part.     

(Benzoyl­acetonato)­chloro(1,10‐phen­anthroline)copper(II)

The crystal structure of the title compound, chloro(1,10‐phenanthroline‐N,N′)(1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butane­dion­ato‐O,O′)copper(II), [CuCl(C₁₀H₉O₂)(C₁₂H₈N₂)], has been determined. The Cu^II ion displays a distorted square‐pyramidal coordination, being linked to the two O atoms of the benzoyl­acetonate ligand and the two N atoms of the 1,10‐phenanthroline ligand in the basal plane, and the Cl atom in the apical site. TheCu—N, Cu—O and Cu—Cl bond lengths are 2.043 (2)/2.025 (2), 1.914 (2)/1.941 (2) and 2.485 (1) Å, respectively.     

A dinuclear pyrazolato-N:N′-bridged dinickel(II) complex of 1,3-bis(5-chlorosalicylideneamino)propan-2-ol

The title compound, μ-[1,3-bis(5-chloro-2-oxidobenzyl­idene­amino)­propan-2-olato(3−)]-O,N,O′:O′,N′,O′′-μ-(3,5-di­methyl­pyrazolato)-N:N′-dinickel(II), [Ni₂(C₁₇H₁₃Cl₂N₂O₃)(C₅H₇N₂)], has crystallographic mirror symmetry. The Ni atoms in the dinuclear structure are linked symmetrically by the N atoms of the 3,5-di­methyl­pyrazole group and by the alkoxo O atom. Each Ni^II ion is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms, forming a square plane with trans-N₂O₂ geometry.     

The crystal and molecular structures of three copper‐containing complexes and their activities in mimicking galactose oxidase

The structures of three copper‐containing complexes, namely (benzoato‐κ²O,O′)[(E)‐2‐({[2‐(diethylamino)ethyl]imino}methyl)phenolato‐κ³N,N′,O]copper(II) dihydrate, [Cu(C₇H₅O₂)(C₁₃H₁₉N₂O)]·2H₂O, 1 , [(E)‐2‐({[2‐(diethylamino)ethyl]imino}methyl)phenolato‐κ³N,N′,O](2‐phenylacetato‐κ²O,O′)copper(II), [Cu(C₈H₇O₂)(C₁₃H₁₉N₂O)], 2 , and bis[μ‐(E)‐2‐({[3‐(diethylamino)propyl]imino}methyl)phenolato]‐κ⁴N,N′,O:O;κ⁴O:N,N′,O‐(μ‐2‐methylbenzoato‐κ²O:O′)copper(II) perchlorate, [Cu₂(C₈H₇O₂)(C₁₂H₁₇N₂O)₂]ClO₄, 3 , have been reported and all have been tested for their activity in the oxidation of d ‐galactose. The results suggest that, unlike the enzyme galactose oxidase, due to the precipitation of Cu₂O, this reaction is not catalytic as would have been expected. The structures of 1 and 2 are monomeric, while 3 consists of a dimeric cation and a perchlorate anion [which is disordered over two orientations, with occupancies of 0.64 (4) and 0.36 (4)]. In all three structures, the central Cu atom is five‐coordinated in a distorted square‐pyramidal arrangment (τ parameter of 0.0932 for 1 , 0.0888 for 2 , and 0.142 and 0.248 for the two Cu centers in 3 ). In each species, the environment about the Cu atom is such that the vacant sixth position is open, with very little steric crowding.     

Molecular Chains in the Crystals of a Calcium(II) Complex with Pyridine-3,5-Dicarboxylate (Dinicotinate) and Water Ligands

The crystal of pentaqua (catena-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylato-O,O) calcium(II) contain zigzag molecular chains composed of Ca ions linked by two bridging oxygen atoms, each donated by one carboxylate group [Ca-O1 2.353(2) Å, Ca-O3^III 2.334(1) Å]. The Ca ions, the ligand molecules and one water oxygen atom coordinated by each metal ion [Ca-O5 2.410(2) Å] are coplanar. The coordination of the Ca ion is completed by four other water oxygen atoms situated above and below the plane of the chain [Ca-O6 2.475(1) Å, Ca-O7 2.371(2) Å]. The coordination number of the calcium(II) ion is seven. The water molecules act as donors in a system of hydrogen bonds.     

Complexes of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) with N-phthaloylglycinate,imidazole, 5-amino tetrazole and 2,4,6- tris (2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine. X-ray crystal structure of [Cd(imi)3(N-phthgly)2]·2H2O

Complexes of Zn(II) and Cd(II) with N-phthaloylglycinate (N-phthgly), imidazole (imi), 5-amino tetrazole (Atz) and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and thermogravimetric analysis. The X-ray crystal structure of the cadmium complex [Cd(imi)₃(N-phthgly)₂]?·?2H₂O is also reported. It crystallizes in the space group P2₁/m. The metal centre is hepta coordinated as a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The cadmium atom is surrounded by five equatorial atoms (four oxygen atoms of two bidentate N-phthaloylglycinate moieties and a nitrogen atom of an imidazole ligand) and two axial nitrogens of two imidazole rings. In the crystal, the molecules are connected by H-bonds involving water molecules, the carboxylic oxygens of the N-phthaloylglycinate molecules and the imidazole nitrogens.     

A two‐dimensional CdII coordination polymer with 2,2′‐(disulfanediyl)dibenzoate and 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands

In poly[[μ₃‐2,2′‐(disulfanediyl)dibenzoato‐κ⁵O:O,O′:O′′,O′′′](1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ²N,N′)cadmium(II)], [Cd(C₁₄H₈O₄S₂)(C₁₂H₈N₂)]_n, the asymmetric unit contains one Cd^II cation, one 2,2′‐(disulfanediyl)dibenzoate anion (denoted dtdb²⁻) and one 1,10‐phenanthroline ligand (denoted phen). Each Cd^II centre is seven‐coordinated by five O atoms of bridging/chelating carboxylate groups from three dtdb²⁻ ligands and by two N atoms from one phen ligand, forming a distorted pentagonal–bipyramidal geometry. The Cd^II cations are bridged by dtdb²⁻ anions to give a two‐dimensional (4,4) layer. The layers are stacked to generate a three‐dimensional supramolecular architecture via a combination of aromatic C—H...π and π–π interactions. The thermogravimetric and luminescence properties of this compound were also investigated.     

Poly[aqua[μ2‐1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene‐κ2N3:N3′](μ2‐5‐hydroxybenzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylato‐κ4O1,O1′:O3,O3′)cadmium(II)], a twofold interpenetrated CdSO4‐like metal–organic polymer

In the title cadmium(II) complex, [Cd(C₈H₄O₅)(C₁₄H₁₄N₄)(H₂O)]_n, the 5‐hydroxybenzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylate (5‐OH‐1,3‐bdc) and 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene (1,4,‐bix) ligands bridge water‐coordinated Cd^II atoms to generate a three‐dimensional network. Two carboxylate groups from different ligands function as O,O′‐chelates, while two imidazole N atoms from different ligands coordinate in a monodentate fashion, and one water molecule completes the seven‐coordinate pentagonal bipyramid around the Cd^II atom, in which the N atoms occupy the axial sites and the O atoms occupy the equatorial sites. The overall architecture is a twofold interpenetrated CdSO₄‐type framework. The two crystallographically equivalent frameworks are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds between the water, hydroxy and carboxylate groups.