低场磁共振系统的低噪声前置放大器研究设计

噪声前置放大器是磁共振射频接收子系统中的重要组件,它的性能优劣直接决定了最终磁共振图像的好坏.目前市场上的低噪声前置放大器大多基于中高场磁共振系统开发,而针对低场磁共振系统的很少;另外,商用低场磁共振系统的低噪声前置放大器价格相对较贵,并且多采用两级放大结构,结构复杂、调试难度大、成本相对较高.在此背景下,针对0.5 T低场磁共振设备利用Keysight公司的先进设计系统（ADS）软件对低噪声前置放大器进行研究设计,采用一级放大结构,探索电路设计与布局对放大器性能的影响.实测结果表明自主设计的低噪声前置放大器在21 MHz共振频率附近噪声系数为0.5 dB左右,增益达到了30 dB,能够满足低场磁共振应用的要求.     

串联SQUID和不同圈数Washer输入线圈SQUID的制备与表征（英文）

超导量子干涉放大器常被用于读出微弱的磁通以及电流信号,可以将微弱信号转化成为大的电压信号.但是对于单个超导量子干涉放大器而言,其输出电压太小不能直接与室温放大器相连,我们考虑将相同参数的超导量子干涉放大器串联到一起,使其输出电压足够大并达到可直接与室温放大器连接的要求.我们已经制备并测试了约瑟夫森结,过阻尼约瑟夫森结,不同输入线圈的单个超导量子干涉放大器以及既有调制线圈又有反馈线圈的串联超导量子干涉放大器,获得了较好的伏安特性曲线,调制曲线以及将调制曲线进行傅里叶变换后的幅频特性曲线.通过分析约瑟夫森结的伏安特性曲线可知我们的制备工艺流程比较稳定.制备与测试超导量子干涉放大器对于以后将其应用于读出微弱信号领域具有重要的意义.     

基于水冷磁体的超高场核磁共振波谱仪前置放大器系统设计与实现

基于水冷电磁体的超高场核磁共振实验的需求,提出了一种适用于该类核磁共振波谱仪的前置放大器系统的设计方案并予以实现.该系统包括前置放大器控制器、高带前置放大器、高带混频器、宽带前置放大器以及宽带混频器,实现了通道之间的自由切换、发射与接收的快速切换以及较大的接收动态范围、较低的噪声系数.     

线性磁场装置的研制及实验研究

介绍了一种可获取线性磁场的装置。该装置由两匝数及半径相同的环形线圈组成,相向平行同轴放置,两线圈之间的距离等于线圈半径,通以大小相同,方向相反的电流,可获得磁感应强度与其线圈中心轴线位置成线性关系的区域。此装置不仅具有独创性,更有实时性及可调的优点,可将其拓展到实际应用,尤其是传感领域,有重要的应用前景和经济价值。     

双摄像机相位测量轮廓术系统标定与数据融合

在将两个摄像机对同一坐标系(全局坐标系)标定的基础上,提出了距离数据及纹理的融合方法。以调制度为模板确定摄像机视线重叠区和数据空洞,在全局坐标中摄像机视线重叠区内根据单位面积采样点数序号最接近原则选取一定尺寸的区域作为数据拼接区。并且考虑在重叠区内一方数据有空洞时的补洞方法,将空洞边界相似放大后,新边界和原边界构成的重叠区域作为数据拼接区。在数据拼接区内将两边的数据以到拼接区中心线距离为权重进行加权平均,实现了数据平滑过渡。实验表明该方法是有效的,为数据融合提供了新途径。     

硅漂移探测器数字脉冲处理技术

硅漂移探测器(silicon drift detector, SDD)是一种高性能X射线探测器,具有极其广泛的应用. SDD射线探测系统由SDD器件、前置放大器和脉冲处理系统组成,现有的SDD脉冲处理系统存在脉冲堆积抑制性能差以及易受前级系统参数波动影响的问题,导致探测系统性能变差.本文提出一种SDD数字脉冲处理系统,在该系统中,模数转换器(analog-to-digital converter, ADC)直接采样前置放大器的输出,并将数据传输到数字脉冲处理平台进行处理.结合SDD器件与前置放大器的信号特性,分析ADC采样位数与采样频率对系统性能的影响;提出两种优化的ADC采样电路,防止因ADC采样位数不足引起能量分辨率变差.对数字脉冲处理系统中的脉冲成形算法进行研究,结果表明成形信号不会因前级系统的参数变化而畸变,证明了该数字脉冲处理系统的鲁棒性.建立完成SDD数字脉冲处理系统,并对系统进行测试,验证了系统的正确性.     

基于光前置放大器的量子密钥分发融合经典通信方案

量子密钥分发融合经典通信方案将连续变量量子密钥分发和经典通信合并到了一起,为将来在现有的光网络上同时进行密钥分发和经典通信提供了一个有效的方法.然而,在量子信号上叠加一个经典信号将会给连续变量量子密钥分发系统引入过噪声从而大大降低系统的性能.本文提出基于光前置放大器的量子密钥分发融合经典通信方案,即在接收端插入光前置放大器来提升系统的性能.首先,在相同比特误码率条件下,光前置放大器对信号的放大能够降低对发送端经典信号调制振幅的要求,从而降低经典信号对量子信号的噪声影响;其次,光前置放大器能够补偿接收端探测器的不完美;再次,对于本地本振光的情形,放大器还能放大弱相位参考脉冲,从而降低参考脉冲散粒噪声带来的相位过噪声.在实际可达到的系统参数下,数值仿真结果表明本文提出的方案相比于原方案在安全密钥率和传输距离上都有很好的提升.这些结果表明本方案为量子密钥分发融合经典通信方案的进一步发展和实际应用提供了一个十分有效而实用的方法.     

基于新型长周期光纤光栅的掺铒光纤放大器

报道了基于高频CO₂激光脉冲写入的新型长周期光纤光栅的低噪音掺铒光纤放大器,这种新型长周期光纤光栅是用大约几千Hz的高频CO₂激光脉冲对光纤玻璃热冲击作用而形成的.在铒纤中插入一个长周期光纤光栅,会明显减少掺铒光纤放大器的放大自发辐射(ASE)噪音.报道了两种低噪音掺铒光纤放大器,作为前置放大器和线路放大器,它们的ASE噪音指数分别从4.0 dB减少到3.5 dB和从4.8 dB减少到4.3 dB,并且在作为线放时,其小信号增益从30 dB提高到37 dB,降噪及提高增益效应十分显著.     

空间相机交错拼接线列探测器重叠像元数计算

大视场相机焦平面通常由多个线列探测器交错拼接而成。为保证相机在对地成像中不出现漏缝,提出一种相邻探测器重叠像元数计算方法。通过坐标变换法建立空间相机对地成像模型,分析了漏缝产生的原因。分析了像点在前后两行探测器上沿线列方向的相对位移情况,并利用蒙特卡罗法分析轨道、姿态扰动以及目标高程等因素对像点相对位移计算结果的影响,像点位移计算结果的最小值即为相邻探测器最小重叠像元数,依此给出了相邻探测器的重叠像元数计算模型。将该方法应用于某红外相机焦平面的设计,根据该方法确定了各相邻探测器的重叠像元数,并通过红外遥感图像的匹配实验验证了该方法的正确性。     

前置放大器在高频信号检测系统中的作用

利用约瑟夫森效应获取电磁信号的频谱信息是超导电子学的重要应用之一.我们在实验室已搭建的高频信号频谱检测系统基础上,研究了前置放大器的噪声参数对整个高频信号检测系统性能产生的影响.通过实验,我们将两个不同输入电压噪声密度的低噪声放大器应用于检测系统,并对所得的结果进行了比较.讨论了在前置放大器方面对基于约瑟夫森效应的液氮温区的小型高频信号检测系统进行改进的可能性.     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Thermal convection in Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid in porous medium in hydromagnetics

The thermal instability of a layer of Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid in porous medium acted on by a uniform magnetic field is considered. For stationary convection, Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid. The magnetic field is found to have stabilizing effect whereas medium permeability has destabilizing effect. The magnetic field introduces oscillatory modes in the system, A sufficient condition for the non-existence of overstability is also obtained.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.     

High spin states in106in

High spin states have been investigated by the reaction⁹⁰Zr(¹⁹F, 3nγ), using an Anticompton spectrometer device, for the nucleus¹⁰⁶In, for which no in-beamγ-spectroscopic information was available up to now. A level scheme has been constructed up to anI =(13,14) state.     

Fano-type features in magnetoabsorption in semiconductors

It is shown that bulk semiconductors exhibit strongly asymmetric Fano-type resonance profiles in magnetoabsorption processes involving the formation of hot electron-hole pairs (EHPs) and accompanied by the scattering of the EHPs by defects. This result is valid for transitions to electronic states with large Landau quantum numbers, when the Coulomb interaction plays a small role. The physical reason for such a sharp change in the magnetoabsorption coefficient as compared with the expected result for the ordinary density of states in a quantizing magnetic field is that the electronic excitations are quasi-one-dimensional. The form of the resonance absorption is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 8, 619–622 (25 April 1996)     

Activities in fibre-optical communications in Germany

This paper offers a review of the contributions of German research groups in the field of fibre-optical communications until now. Since the latest publications are also taken into account which in part are not yet printed, a survey is given at the same time of current activities in this field in Germany.