神光-Ⅲ诊断包瞄准指示器光学系统的设计和研究

介绍采用瞄准指示器提高诊断包瞄准精度的方法。基于高斯光束薄透镜变换原理分析由单模光纤耦合输出的激光经过瞄准指示器的光学系统后的传输特性,提出近轴放大率是影响瞄准指示器像方光斑大小的主要因素。设计一个以光纤耦合输出激光为光源,工作波长为635nm,总长小于100mm,瞄准距离（600～1500）mm,在靶心处相应光斑大小为（46.2～71.9）μm的神光-Ⅲ诊断包瞄准指示器光学系统。该激光光学系统采用3片普通光学玻璃,其中固定组由正负分离的2片玻璃组成,变焦组为单片负透镜。最后利用点扩散函数和波像差进行质量评价,结果表明该光学系统设计指标达到技术要求。     

Laser spot location method for a laser pointer interaction application using a diffractive optical element

A diffractive optical element (DOE) is applied to effectively locate a laser pointer spot on a projection screen for laser pointer interaction applications. The DOE is placed in front of a digital web camera to blur the background image while transforming the laser spot into a large diffractive pattern, such as a circle. To calculate the diffractive pattern position on the screen, only a simple subtraction method using two successive digital images with the laser ON and OFF, respectively, is needed. This approach also improves the compressed digital image transmission latency.     

基于摄像机的多投影屏幕激光笔跟随演示方法

大中型会议中心在多投影仪屏幕的演示过程中,由于主次屏幕间缺乏联系,主屏幕的激光笔光点无法显示在次屏幕,演示效果不佳。因此,提出了一种基于摄像机的多投影屏幕激光笔跟随演示方法,通过摄像机建立主投影区域和计算机显示器之间的联系,实现激光笔光点从主投影区域变换到计算机显示器,从而控制光标移动,使得次投影屏幕也有计算机光标跟随演示的效果。主要步骤包括:基于单色投影标定主投影区域相对计算机显示器的射影变换矩阵H;利用实时采集的主屏幕图像提取激光笔光点;基于射影变换矩阵H计算激光笔光点在计算机显示器的坐标,并控制计算机光标跟随到达指示位置。实验表明该跟随演示方法在计算机显示器上的横向和纵向跟随误差都在5个像素之内,可以在次屏幕中很好地跟踪激光笔光点位置,达到既解放演讲空间,又能与全体观众沟通的目的。     

线激光束均匀化整形方法研究

为解决核物理工程、表面热处理、激光加工、激光通信中传输激光束的均匀性问题,提出采用三角楔柱透镜改善线激光均匀性的新方法,并在ZEMAX开发环境下建立了整形光路系统的理论模型。利用所建立的模型,分析了整形柱透镜在不同半径、斜面夹角、透镜介质折射率等参数下光束的均匀性。研究表明：在远场条件下,通过改变整形柱透镜的参数,能够得到能量分布均匀的线激光。在实际应用中,可以采用1个半圆柱和2个相同三角楔胶合成型的简单工艺。进一步模拟发现,两种整形系统所得到的均匀度和线宽一致。     

用于太阳光泵浦激光器的菲涅耳透镜设计方法

建立并分析了太阳光点聚焦型菲涅耳透镜的理论模型。提出了适用于太阳光泵浦激光器的设计方法。综合考虑会聚总功率和功率密度提高倍数两个因素,合理设计了菲涅耳透镜口径,相对孔径以及环形小棱镜的宽度(环距)三个参数,获得了用于太阳光泵浦激光器的菲涅耳透镜。     

Large-aperture double-focus laser collimator for PAT performance testing of inter-satellite laser communication terminal

A laser collimator is necessary for testing and verification of the pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) performance of inter-satellite laser communication terminals on the ground. The laser collimator must have a large clear aperture to fit the PAT performance testing system. The PAT subsystem has a large field of view for the acquisition and a high angular accuracy for the fine tracking. To resolve the conflict between large field of view and fine angular resolution, a large-aperture double-focus laser collimator is proposed and its optical design and mechanical structure are described. The collimator mainly consists of a primary lens, a reflector, a beam-splitting plate, a secondary lens, two compensating lenses, two imaging sensors and a laser. The primary lens directly forms the long focal length arm of the collimator. The combination of the primary lens and the secondary lens form the short focal length arm of the collimator. The collimator has an angular resolution <0.75 μrad and a 10 mrad field of view. For the collimator, the incident beam is focused on the two imaging sensors by its two arms, and the beam emitted from the laser is collimated and transmitted. The collimator is combined with an optical scanner and a fine beam deflector to test and verify the PAT performance of the inter-satellite laser communication terminal in a full physical manner.     

飞行光学导光系统中的空气热透镜效应

研究了激光加工用大功率ＣＯ２激光束在飞行光学导光系统中传输所产生的空气热透镜效应。实验发现当飞行光学导光系统中的空气静止时将产生空气热透镜效应,而充以一定压力的压缩空气却可以消除空气热透镜效应,实验表明无热透镜效应时,光束遵循高斯光束传输规律,而秀热透镜效应时,光束偏离高斯光束的传输规律,并影响到激光束聚焦焦点的大小和位置。另外通过激光空气热透镜效应的非线性模型计算了热透镜效应所引起的光束传输相对     

自动确定方位的激光束指示器

介绍了一个可以自动确定光束方位的激光束指示器。在立轴支承的转盘中央安装一个平面反射镜,在转盘的圆周边缘处安装一个霍尔传感器。调整半导体激光器,使其激光束的初始方向与立轴同轴,并经反射后水平出射来进行方位指示。利用线性霍尔传感器对地球磁场的敏感性,测出激光束方向与地磁方向的夹角。由单片机控制系统发出指令,由步进电机及精密减速箱驱动立轴转动,通过带动反射镜水平转动来改变激光束的出射方向。指示器工作时,首先应使激光束的方向与地磁方向一致,然后再使激光束转过预定的角度,实现绝对方位角的激光束定向。系统方位角的定位精度可达到0 1′,具有较高的实用价值。     

Effect of laser beam induced nonlinearity on the performance of crystalline lens

This paper presents the performance of the human crystalline lens having gradient index (GRIN) structure in the presence of a moderate power laser pulse. Nonlinear dynamical equations have been set-up governing the laser pulse propagation in the lens by taking into account the nonlinearity introduced by the laser pulse. Semi-analytical results have been obtained by using the paraxial ray approximation when GRIN and nonlinearity effects are simultaneously present. Performance of the lens has been analyzed in two explicit cases. In the first case, only the GRIN structure is considered while in the second case the nonlinearity and the GRIN both are considered. A moderate power laser pulse can be used for self-focusing in the crystalline lens when GRIN effects alone are not sufficient to focus the laser pulse in the crystalline lens.     

交流电大小、方向变化演示仪

针对教科版高中物理演示交变电流的实验仪器存在的一些不足,对交流电大小变化的演示实验装置进行了改进,方法是利用满天星激光笔将原仪器看不见摸不着的磁感线用清晰可见的光点直观地展示出来。为了观察交变电流方向的变化则将两只红、绿发光二极管并联在线圈闭合回路中,利用红、绿发光二极管交替发光来演示电流方向变化,另外将大指针检流计串联在闭合线圈回路中来演示线圈切割磁场产生的感应电流大小呈周期性变化。     

Error propagation in laser beam spatial parameters

We have performed a propagation-of-errors analysis on two methods used to determine the spatial parameters of a laser beam. We measured diameters of a diode laser beam focused by a 993 mm focal length lens. Measurement uncertainties of less than 1% can result in uncertainties greater than 200% in locating the beam waist of the laser. We compare the inherent uncertainties in the spatial parameters as obtained by the two methods. Longer focal length lenses and lens position can reduce this magnification of uncertainty, but would require large propagation distances.     

高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器的设计及实验研究

高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器在激光加工、激光测量等领域具有广泛的用途.为了实现激光器腔内光斑聚焦同时减少色散和体积,人们常常将曲面反射镜用在激光谐振腔中,但光束倾斜入射到曲面反射镜往往会引起像散,从而导致光斑质量恶化,并降低激光器的性能.另一方面,在高功率激光器或超短脉冲激光器中,激光增益介质热透镜焦距的起伏,是导致激光输出功率波动的主要原因之一.针对激光器的像散和功率波动这两个问题,本文提出了一套简单高效的解决方案,在考虑像散补偿和热透镜效应的基础上,基于传播变换圆理论,首次提出一种可实现高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器谐振腔的设计方法,并对采用该方法所设计出的超短脉冲激光器进行理论与实验研究.研究结果表明,利用该方法设计的激光谐振腔,两端臂像散能够完全被补偿,实验上实现了基模高斯光束输出;当激光晶体热透镜焦距改变时,该方法所设计出的激光谐振腔内各关键位置光斑半径的变化,显著地小于普通谐振腔,在相同外界条件下,其输出激光功率稳定性明显优于普通激光器.     

线结构光传感器中非线性光源单向扩展光路设计

为了减小线结构光传感器光源对测量精度的影响 ,设计了一种集整形和能量校正为一体的非线性光源单向扩展光路。应用反高斯分布的液体吸收滤光镜 ,实现了高斯光束强度的径向均匀化。并应用矩形光阑和两个相互垂直放置的柱面镜 ,对准直后的激光束进行整形 ,分别在不同的方向进行拉伸和压缩 ,得到了形状理想的线光源。此技术已成功应用于BGA芯片管脚的三维尺寸测量中。     

LD端面泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器中的热透镜焦距

采用热透镜焦距的理论计算与实验测量相比较的研究方法，得到一种端泵固体激光器出激光时的在线测量方法.通过建立热透镜等效腔模型以及腔型分析求解得出腔内光束束腰半径,用刀口法测出DPL腔外的远场发散角,根据发散角与透镜变换前后的束腰关系，得出LD端面泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器中的热透镜焦距.结果表明,通过上述方法所得结果与理论计算的热透镜焦距吻合,证实此方法准确、可行.     

空间指向摆镜的轻量化研究

摆镜轻量化研究的问题主要有两个:一是摆镜的材料,二是摆镜的结构形式和结构参数.在综合比较材料的力学和热学特性后,选取碳化硅和融石英作为摆镜的初始材料;摆镜采用了失芯式结构和蜂窝状轻量化单元,通过计算和分析选定了摆镜的初始结构参数后,对摆镜进行了有限元分析,结果证明轻量化摆镜在保持摆镜刚度不变的情况下有效地减轻了摆镜的重量.     

Preferred states of open electronic systems

System-environment interaction may introduce dynamic destruction of quantum coherence, resulting in a special representation named as pointer states. In this work, pointer states of an open electronic system are studied. The decoherence effect is taken into account through two different ways which are Büttiker's virtual probe model and strong electron-phonon interaction in the polaron picture. The pointer states of the system with different coupling strength are investigated. The pointer states are identified by tracking the eigenstates of the density matrix in real-time propagation. It is found that the pointer states can emerge for arbitrary coupling strength. And the pointer states deform to the eigenstates of the system in the strong coupling limit, which indicates the vanish of quantumness in the strong coupling limit.     

Design and fabrication of an optimum holographic optical element lens for a femtosecond laser pulse using a hologram computer-aided design tool

Design and fabrication of an optimum holographic optical element (HOE) lens for a femtosecond laser pulse using a hologram computer-aided design (CAD) tool is presented. The hologram CAD tool, which the authors have developed can design, analyze, and evaluate holograms fabricated by interferometrical technique. The function of the tool is extended to design and analyze a HOE lens illuminated with a femtosecond laser pulse. An optimum HOE lens for a laser pulse, which has 130 fs duration, 720 nm central wavelength, and 10 nm spectrum bandwidth, is designed by the tool. The optimum HOE lens gives both high diffraction efficiency and small amount of aberration. The designed HOE lens is fabricated and its optical characteristics have been experimentally evaluated. The reconstructed point images agree with the results of the numerical simulations by the tool. The tool demonstrates the capability of designing the optimum HOE lens for a femtosecond laser pulse.     

Performance of an optical stand-off control system for laser materials processing

This paper presents an experimental investigation into a high-bandwidth optical range sensor for laser materials processing stand-off control. Radiation from a low-power laser beam is focused onto a workpiece surface and light reflected from the surface is collected through a main lens and directed into an imaging lens which focuses the signal to two positions after being split by a beam splitter. The irradiances of the two beams are detected by photodiodes placed behind pinhole apertures positioned fore and aft of the two focal positions. A differential amplifier is used to generate an output signal that determines the magnitude and direction of any workpiece displacement. The system facilitates a measuring range of ±6 mm. A set of of experiments are performed and results are analysed for different setup configurations. The approximate range of instrument linearity is ±1 mm for the 75-mm focal length main less and ±2 mm for the 120-mm lens; in this linear range the optimal accuracy resolution is 1 μm. The system's effectiveness is controlling the stand-off distance of a laser cutting machine, and hence cut quality, is assessed.     

用光纤传输激光的方法实现激光扫描雕刻

利用扩束镜和聚焦透镜的组合，把峰值功率高达二百多千瓦的调ＱＹＡＧ激光耦合到光纤中，并用双透镜将光纤输出端的出射激光聚焦，成功地应用在光纤传输激光雕刻机中。     

Enlarging lens design with f-Θ lens for real time laser lithography inspections

An enlarging lens, composed of a charge-coupled-device (CCD) lens and an f-Θ lens, has been designed for real time laser lithography visual inspection purposes. The object of this design is to enlarge the image of the working specimens in real time, which used to be done by an independent magnifying system after the lithography process. F-Θ lens has both roles in this design, being a laser lithography lens and a specimen imaging lens. A beam splitter has been inserted between the f-Θ lens and the CCD lens, which divides the UV laser beam and the visible beam to form a coaxial system. This design also reaches the image requirements in both wavelength bands, that the value of MTF is nearly diffraction-limit in UV wavelength and greater than 0.45 at 40 c/mm in visible wavelength.