聚苯乙烯微球固载2,6-双(2-苯并咪唑)吡啶的Fe(Ⅲ)配合物催化氧化活性研究

2,6-双(2-苯并咪唑)吡啶(bbp)在氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球上进行烷基化反应制得CPS-bbp,然后与FeCl_3·6H_2O进行配合得到配合物CPS-Fe(Ⅲ)-bbp.以该配合物为催化剂分别使用过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)作氧化剂对苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和环己烯进行了催化氧化反应研究.过氧化氢氧化能力强,15 min内反应基本完成,α-甲基苯乙烯和苯乙烯的氧化产物苯乙酮和苯甲醛选择性分别高达98.49%和95.87%;TBHP的氧化缓慢而平稳,24 h后反应基本完成,对α-甲基苯乙烯和环己烯的氧化选择性较好,分别达到97.44%,和94.82%.     

Salen Co(Ⅱ)配合物催化苯乙烯环氧化的研究

研究了Salen Co(Ⅱ)配合物催化苯乙烯环氧化的反应.考察了不同取代基水杨醛制备的配体所形成的Co配合物1～4及(S,S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺与水杨醛形成的Co配合物1(S,S)～3(S,S)的催化氧化性能,其中溴取代的配合物2和2(S,S)是最有效的催化剂.以配合物(2)为催化剂,氧气为氧化剂,考察了反应温度、时间、溶剂等因素对苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响.结果表明,最佳反应条件为苯乙烯10 mmol,配合物(2)0.1%,温度90 ℃,反应时间5 h时,苯乙烯的转化率为97.1%,环氧苯乙烷的选择性为58.9%,苯甲醛与苯甲酸的选择性为36.1%.并对反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

聚金属卟啉配合物膜催化氧化环己烯性能研究

以聚卟啉金属配合物PMTPP(M=Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ))为催化剂催化分子氧氧化环己烯,氧化产物以2-环己烯-1-醇(1)、2-环己烯-1-酮(2)和7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]环己烷(3)为主。配合物PCo(Ⅱ)TPP具有最好的催化活性,对影响该配合物活性的因素研究发现,反应温度在70℃,反应时间为8 h时,环己烯的转化率可达到90%,且产物1的选择性可达54%,催化剂使用3次后活性没有明显下降。在此基础上,还探讨了配合物PCo(Ⅱ)TPP氧化环己烯的可能反应机理,初步认为氧化反应的过程是链式自由基反应。     

Schiff碱铁配合物催化环己烯环氧化

合成了一种吡啶甲醛类Schiff碱铁配合物[Fe(PA2OPd)C12]Cl,并考察了配合物对环己烯绿色环氧化反应的催化活性及反应条件,结果表明:吡啶甲醛类Schiff碱铁配合物对环己烯的环氧化反应有比较高的催化活性及选择性.以过氧化氢为氧源、[Fe(PA2OPd)C12]Cl为催化剂、在pH=5.0左右的乙酸乙酯溶液中25℃反应6.0 h,环己烯转化率可达90.5%,环氧环己烷选择性可达97.2%.     

甲烷单加氧酶的化学模拟--酚氧双羧酸根桥联Fe2(Ⅲ)和Mn2(Ⅲ)配合物合成、表征及催化性能

合成表征了酚氧、双羧基桥联双组氨酸的手性双铁核配合物和双锰核配合物,研究了它们催化亚碘酰苯对烯烃的环氧化反应和对环烷烃的羟化反应.结果表明这种Fe2(Ⅲ)和Mn2(Ⅲ)配合物均是有效的甲烷单加氧酶(MMO)模型化合物,其中Fe2配合物能较好地再现MMO的某些性质,如电子光谱等.Fe2配合物催化苯乙烯环氧化反应生成环氧苯乙烷的产率为840%(以催化剂计),且R-(+)-构型对映体过量(e.e.)达45.4%.相应的Mn2配合物则以7080%产率给出环氧苯乙烷,R-(+)-构型对映体过量51.6%.Mn2配合物还能够催化环己烯和环己烷的氧化反应,产物及其分布分别为环氧环己烷3880、环己烯醇603、环己烯酮189和环己醇1053、环己酮639%(以催化剂计).EPR研究表明MM=O是反应的活性中间体.     

聚苯乙烯微球固载2,6-双(2-苯并咪唑)吡啶的Fe (III)配合物催化氧化活性研究

2,6-双（2-苯并咪唑）吡啶（bbp）在氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯（CPS）微球上进行烷基化反应制得CPS-bbp,然后与FeCl₃·6H₂O进行配合得到配合物CPS-Fe（Ⅲ）-bbp.以该配合物为催化剂分别使用过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和叔丁基过氧化氢（TBHP）作氧化剂对苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和环己烯进行了催化氧化反应研究.过氧化氢氧化能力强,15 min内反应基本完成,α-甲基苯乙烯和苯乙烯的氧化产物苯乙酮和苯甲醛选择性分别高达98.49%和95.87%;TBHP的氧化缓慢而平稳,24 h后反应基本完成,对α-甲基苯乙烯和环己烯的氧化选择性较好,分别达到97.44%,和94.82%.     

邻菲啰啉二氧钼(Ⅵ)配合物合成及催化环氧化性能

通过邻菲啰啉分别与乙酰丙酮钼和二氯氧钼反应,合成了两个邻菲啰啉二氧钼(Ⅵ)配合物,并通过红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱、元素分析和紫外可见光谱方法表征。以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂、叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂探讨了邻菲啰啉钼(Ⅵ)配合物催化环氧化性能,结果表明,邻菲啰啉钼(Ⅵ)配合物具有很好的催化环氧化性能。在优化实验条件下,环氧化产物的选择性大于95%,底物的转化率均大于82%。烯键的催化环氧化活性顺序为:1-甲基环己烯1-己烯环己烯α-甲基苯乙烯4-氯苯乙烯苯乙烯α,β-不饱和羧酸酯。催化剂重复利用5次,催化活性基本保持稳定。     

过渡金属卟啉催化分子氧氧化环己烯性能研究

研究了meso-四(对羟基苯基)卟啉过渡金属配合物(THPPM,M=CoⅡ,MnⅡ)催化分子氧氧化环己烯的反应。结果表明,在反应温度为70℃时,THPPCoⅡ催化分子氧氧化环己烯的转化率达到90%,产物主要是2-环己烯-1-酮(70%)和2-环己烯-1-醇(26%),并考察了反应温度、时间及加入吡啶对环己烯转化率和产物选择性的影响,探讨了THPPCoⅡ催化分子氧氧化反应机理。     

水溶性钌-氢配合物催化1-已烯双键异构化反应研究

研究了水溶性钌-氢配合物RuHCl(TPPTS)3在水/有机两相体系中催化1-己烯双键异构化反应.考察了反应温度、时间、膦配体浓度、相转移催化剂CTAB浓度以及底物与催化剂摩尔比等对转化率和产物选择性的影响.在最佳条件下1-己烯转化率达到82.4%,2-己烯选择性21.2%,3-己烯61.2%,没有发现骨架异构化.催化剂可重复使用5次.     

甲烷单加氧酶的化学模拟: 酚氧双羧酸根桥联Fe~2(III)和 Mn~2(III)配合物合 成、表征及催化性能

合成表征了酚氧、双羧基桥联双组氨酸的手性双铁核配合物和双锰核配合物,研究了它们催化亚碘酰苯对烯烃的环氧化反应和对环烷烃的羟化反应。结果表明这种Fe~2(III)和Mn~2(III)配合物均是有效的甲烷单加氧酶(MMO)模型化合物,其中Fe~2配合物能较好地再现MMO的某些性质,如电子光谱等。Fe~2配合物催化苯乙烯环氧化反应生成环氧苯乙烷的产率为840%(以催化剂计),且R-(+)-构型对映体过量(e.e.)达45.4%。相庆的Mn~2配合物则以7080%产率给出环氧苯乙烷,R-(+)-构型对映体过量51.6%。Mn~2配合物还能够催化环己烯和环己烷的氧化反应,产物及其分布分别为环氧环己烷3880、环乙烯醇603、环己烯酮189和环己醇1053、环己酮639%(以催化剂计)。EPR研究表明MM=O是反应的活性中间体。     

A reusable polymer anchored copper(II) complex catalyst for the efficient oxidation of olefins and aromatic alcohol

A new heterogeneous Schiff base copper(II) complex was prepared by reacting amino‐polystyrene with salicylaldehyde followed by complexation with cupric chloride. The structure of this immobilized complex has been established on the basis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis employing atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and spectrometric methods like diffuse reflectance spectra of solid (DRS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Catalytic activity of this polymer anchored Cu(II) complex was tested by studying the oxidation of cyclohexene, styrene, and benzyl alcohol in the presence of tert‐ butylhydroperoxide as oxidant. Several parameters such as solvent, oxidant, reaction time, reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, and substrates oxidant ratio were varied to optimize the reaction condition. Under optimized reaction conditions, cyclohexene gave a maximum of 74% conversion with three major products 2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one, cyclohexene epoxide, and 2‐cyclohexene‐1‐ol. The conversions of styrene and benzylalcohol proceed with 53% and 77%, respectively. Styrene gives styrene epoxide as the major product while benzylalcohol gives benzaldehyde as the major product. The catalytic results reveal that polymer anchored copper(II) Schiff base complex can be recycled more than five times without much loss in the catalytic activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and catalytic activity of a new dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex for olefin epoxidation

A novel dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex of ferrocenyliminoalcoholate was easily prepared by the reaction of the ferrocenyl-containing iminoalcohol and MoO₂Cl₂ (THF)₂ using THF as solvent. The sample was characterized by FT-IR, ¹ H NMR, elemental analysis and UV-Vis. The complex exhibited an efficient, selective catalytic performance for styrene and cyclohexene epoxidation.     

Highly efficient asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes with a D(4)-symmetric chiral dichlororuthenium(IV) porphyrin catalyst.

A dichlororuthenium(IV) complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[(1S,4R,5R,8S)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,2:5,8-dimethanoanthrance-9-yl]porphyrin, [Ru(IV)(D(4)-Por)Cl(2)] (1), was prepared by heating [Ru(II)(D(4)-Por)(CO)(MeOH)] (2) in refluxing CCl(4). Complex 1 is characterized by (1)H NMR (paramagnetically shifted pyrrolic protons at delta(H) = -52.3 ppm), FAB-mass spectroscopies, and magnetic susceptibility measurement (mu(eff) = 3.1 mu(B)). The ruthenium complex exhibits remarkable catalytic activity toward enantioselective alkene epoxidation using 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide (Cl(2)pyNO) as terminal oxidant. The Ru(IV)-catalyzed styrene epoxidation is achieved within 2 h (versus 48 h for the 2-catalyzed reaction), and optically active styrene oxide was obtained in 69% ee and 84% yield (875 turnovers). Likewise, substituted styrenes and some conjugated cis-disubstituted alkenes (e.g., cis-beta-methylstyrene, cis-1-phenyl-3-penten-1-yne, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene, and 2,2-dimethylchromenes) are converted effectively to their organic epoxides in 50-80% ee under the Ru(IV)-catalyzed conditions, and more than 850 turnovers of epoxides have been attained. When subjecting 1 to four repetitive uses by recharging the reaction mixture with Cl(2)pyNO and styrene, styrene oxide was obtained in a total of 2190 turnovers and 69% ee. UV-vis and ESI-mass spectral analysis of the final reaction mixture revealed that a ruthenium-carbonyl species could have been formed during the catalytic reaction, leading to the apparent catalyst deactivation. We prepared a heterogeneous chiral ruthenium porphyrin catalyst by immobilizing 1 into sol-gel matrix. The heterogeneous catalyst is highly active toward asymmetric styrene epoxidation producing styrene oxide in 69% ee with up to 10,800 turnovers being achieved. The loss of activity of the Ru/sol-gel catalyst is ascribed to catalyst leaching and/or deactivation. On the basis of Hammett correlation (rho(+) = -1.62, R = 0.99) and product analysis, a dioxoruthenium(VI) porphyrin intermediate is not favored.     

Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and CO(2) with a Chromium Diamine-bis(phenolate) Catalyst

A diamine-bis(phenolate) chromium(III) complex, {CrCl[O(2)NN'](BuBu)}(2) catalyzes the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide with carbon dioxide. The synthesis of this metal complex is straightforward, and it can be obtained in high yields. This catalyst incorporates a tripodal amine-bis(phenolate) ligand, which differs from the salen or salan ligands typically used with Cr and Co complexes that have been employed as catalysts for the synthesis of such polycarbonates. The catalyst reported herein yields low molecular weight polymers with narrow polydispersities. Structural and spectroscopic details of this complex along with its copolymerization activity for cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide are presented.     

Olefin epoxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by functionalized polymer-supported copper(II) Schiff base complex

Abstract  

A new polymer-supported Cu(II) Schiff base complex has been synthesized and characterized by elemental (including metal) analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The catalytic performance of this complex was evaluated in the epoxidation of styrene in acetonitrile/N,N-dimethylformamide (9:1) mixture with 70% tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidizing agent under liquid phase reaction conditions for selective synthesis of styrene oxide. Suitable reaction conditions have been optimized by considering the effects of various reaction parameters such as temperature, reaction time, solvent, oxidant, catalyst amount, and styrene to hydroperoxide molar ratio for the maximum conversion of styrene as well as selectivity of styrene oxide. We have also investigated the epoxidation reaction of various olefins under the optimized reaction conditions. Comparison between catalytic activities of the polymer-supported Cu(II) Schiff base complex and its homogeneous analogue showed that the polymer-supported catalyst was more active. This heterogeneous complex was reused for five times. The selectivity of the heterogeneous catalyst does not change even after five times of reusing.     

Solid-state structures of zinc(II) benzoate complexes. Catalyst precursors for the coupling of carbon dioxide and epoxides

Zinc complexes derived from benzoic acids containing electron-withdrawing substituents have been synthesized from Zn(II)(bis-trimethylsilyl amide)(2) and the corresponding carboxylic acid (2,6-X(2)C(6)H(3)COOH, where X = F, Cl, or OMe) in THF and structurally characterized via X-ray crystallography. The 2,6-difluorobenzoate complex crystallizes from THF or CH(3)CN as a seven membered zinc aggregate, where the metal atoms are interconnected by a combination of 10 mu-benzoates and mu(4)-oxo ligands, that is, [(2,6-difluorobenzoate)(10)O(2)Zn(7)](solvent)(2), solvent = THF (1) and CH(3)CN (1a). On the other hand, the 2,6-dichlorobenzoate zinc derivative crystallizes from THF as a dimer, [(2,6-dichlorobenzoate)(4)Zn(2)](THF)(3) (2), where the two zinc centers are bridged by three benzoate ligand. One of the zinc centers possesses a tetrahedral ligand environment where the fourth ligand is a unidentate benzoate, and the other zinc center has an octahedral arrangement of ligands which is accomplished by the additional binding of three THF molecules. Upon dissolution of complex 1 or 2 in the strongly binding pyridine solvent, disruption of these zinc carboxylates occurs with concomitant formation of mononuclear zinc bis-benzoates with three pyridine ligands in the metal coordination sphere. Complexes 1 and 2 were found to be effective catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide to afford polycarbonates devoid of polyether linkages, that is, completely alternating copolymers. Although these catalysts or catalyst precursors in the presence of CO(2)/propylene oxide afforded mostly propylene carbonate, they did serve as efficient catalysts for the terpolymerization of carbon dioxide/cyclohexene oxide/propylene oxide. The reactivities of these zinc carboxylates were very similar to those previously reported analogous complexes which have not been structurally characterized. Hence, it is suggested here that all of these zinc carboxylates provide similar catalytic sites for CO(2)/epoxide coupling processes.     

Oxodiperoxo tungsten complex-catalyzed synthesis of adipic acid with hydrogen peroxide

An amphiphilic oxodiperoxo complex of tungsten using 8-quinolinol (QOH) as ligand has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, gravimetry, chemistry titration, TG/DSC, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Oxidation of cyclohexene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexene oxide and 1,2-cyclohexane-diol to adipic acid in one-step was conducted by this complex catalyst using 30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide in the absence of organic solvent and phase-transfer catalyst. The effect of the reaction conditions on the oxidation of cyclohexene was studied by varying the amount of the catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time and the amount of hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that oxodiperoxo tungsten complex with QOH as ligand could achieve 89.8% yield of adipic acid at 90°C by refluxing for 20 h.     

MCM-41固载Co席夫碱配合物的制备及其催化烯烃环氧化的研究

环氧化合物作为有机合成中间体具有广泛应用,催化烯烃环氧化一直是催化化学中的一个重要课题[1～2].尽管已经报道了以过酸、过氧化氢、烷基过氧化物、或分子氧为氧化剂,以金属配合物(通常为钌、钼、钛的配合物)为催化剂的反应体系,但对环氧化物的选择性却很低[3].另外,除了需探索具有高选择性的催化体系外,应用分子氧或空气作为氧化剂更适宜于经济和安全的要求.目前,在以分子氧作为氧化剂,均相催化烯烃环氧化的研究中,应用醛类化合物作为氧转移试剂是一种有效的和方便的促进烯烃环氧化的方法[4].但是,均相催化剂难于分离和重复使用,因此…     

Comparative kinetic studies of the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and propylene oxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of chromium salen derivatives. In situ FTIR measurements of copolymer vs cyclic carbonate production

The catalysis of the reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxides (cyclohexene oxide or propylene oxide) using the (salen)Cr(III)Cl complex as catalyst, where H(2)salen = N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexenediimine (1), to provide copolymer and cyclic carbonate has been investigated by in situ infrared spectroscopy. As previously demonstrated for the cyclohexene oxide/CO(2) reaction in the presence of complex 1, coupling of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide was found to occur by way of a pathway first-order in catalyst concentration. Unlike the cyclohexene oxide/carbon dioxide reaction catalyzed by complex 1, which affords completely alternating copolymer and only small quantities of trans-cyclic cyclohexyl carbonate, under similar conditions propylene oxide/carbon dioxide produces mostly cyclic propylene carbonate. Comparative kinetic measurements were performed as a function of reaction temperature to assess the activation barrier for production of cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates for the two different classes of epoxides, i.e., alicyclic (cyclohexene oxide) and aliphatic (propylene oxide). As anticipated in both instances the unimolecular pathway for cyclic carbonate formation has a larger energy of activation than the bimolecular enchainment pathway. That is, the energies of activation determined for cyclic propylene carbonate and poly(propylene carbonate) formation were 100.5 and 67.6 kJ.mol(-1), respectively, compared to the corresponding values for cyclic cyclohexyl carbonate and poly(cyclohexylene carbonate) production of 133 and 46.9 kJ.mol(-1). The small energy difference in the two concurrent reactions for the propylene oxide/CO(2) process (33 kJ.mol(-1)) accounts for the large quantity of cyclic carbonate produced at elevated temperatures in this instance.     

聚苯乙烯负载席夫碱Mo(Ⅵ)配合物合成、表征及其在环己烯环氧化反应中的催化活性

合成了聚苯乙烯负载乙二胺缩水杨醛席夫碱与Mo(Ⅵ)的配合物,并对其结构进行了表征.该配合物催化环己烯环氧化反应与小分子配合物MoO₂(acac)₂相比,具有更优良的催化活性和选择性;建立了催化剂中Mo分析和环氧环己烷气相色谱分析新方法;探讨了配合物及环氧环己烷合成过程诸因素的影响;优化了环氧环己烷合成条件,即以n(t-BuOOH)=0.1mol计,n(C₆H₁₀)∶n(t-BuOOH)=3∶1,溶剂5mL,反应温度80℃,时间60min.在该条件下,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)99.2%以上,质量分数约99.5%(GC检测).催化剂循环使用5次后,未见活性明显下降,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)仍接近99%.