On the asymptotic behavior of nonlinear waves in the presence of a short-range potential

Consider the nonlinear wave equation with zero mass and a time-independent potential in three space dimensions. When it comes to the associated Cauchy problem, it is already known that short-range potentials do not affect the existence of small-amplitude solutions. In this paper, we focus on the associated scattering problem and we show that the situation is quite different there. In particular, we show that even arbitrarily small and rapidly decaying potentials may affect the asymptotic behavior of solutions.     

Instability of standing wave, global existence and blowup for the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov system with different-degree nonlinearities

This paper discusses the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov system with different-degree nonlinearities in two and three space dimensions. Firstly, we prove the existence of standing wave with ground state by applying an intricate variational argument. Next, by introducing an auxiliary functional and an equivalent minimization problem, we obtain two invariant manifolds under the solution flow generated by the Cauchy problem to the aforementioned Klein-Gordon-Zakharov system. Furthermore, by constructing a type of constrained variational problem, utilizing the above two invariant manifolds as well as applying potential well argument and concavity method, we derive a sharp threshold for global existence and blowup. Then, combining the above results, we obtain two conclusions of how small the initial data are for the solution to exist globally by using dilation transformation. Finally, we prove a modified instability of standing wave to the system under study.     

A complete global solution to the pressure gradient equation

We study the domain of existence of a solution to a Riemann problem for the pressure gradient equation in two space dimensions. The Riemann problem is the expansion of a quadrant of gas of constant state into the other three vacuum quadrants. The global existence of a smooth solution was established in Dai and Zhang [Z. Dai, T. Zhang, Existence of a global smooth solution for a degenerate Goursat problem of gas dynamics, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 155 (2000) 277-298] up to the free boundary of vacuum. We prove that the vacuum boundary is the coordinate axes.     

The analytical solution of two interesting hyperbolic problems as a test case for a finite volume method with a new grid refinement technique

A finite volume method with grid adaption is applied to two hyperbolic problems: the ultra-relativistic Euler equations, and a scalar conservation law. Both problems are considered in two space dimensions and share the common feature of moving shock waves. In contrast to the classical Euler equations, the derivation of appropriate initial conditions for the ultra-relativistic Euler equations is a non-trivial problem that is solved using one-dimensional shock conditions and the Lorentz invariance of the system. The discretization of both problems is based on a finite volume method of second order in both space and time on a triangular grid. We introduce a variant of the min-mod limiter that avoids unphysical states for the Euler system. The grid is adapted during the integration process. The frequency of grid adaption is controlled automatically in order to guarantee a fine resolution of the moving shock fronts. We introduce the concept of “width refinement” which enlarges the width of strongly refined regions around the shock fronts; the optimal width is found by a numerical study. As a result we are able to improve efficiency by decreasing the number of adaption steps. The performance of the finite volume scheme is compared with several lower order methods.     

Relaxation approximation to bed-load sediment transport

In this work we propose and apply a numerical method based on finite volume relaxation approximation for computing the bed-load sediment transport in shallow water flows, in one and two space dimensions. The water flow is modeled by the well-known nonlinear shallow water equations which are coupled with a bed updating equation. Using a relaxation approximation, the nonlinear set of equations (and for two different formulations) is transformed to a semilinear diagonalizable problem with linear characteristic variables. A second order MUSCL-TVD method is used for the advection stage while an implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta scheme solves the relaxation stage. The main advantages of this approach are that neither Riemann problem solvers nor nonlinear iterations are required during the solution process. For the two different formulations, the applicability and effectiveness of the presented scheme is verified by comparing numerical results obtained for several benchmark test problems.     

Characteristic decompositions and interactions of rarefaction waves of 2-D Euler equations

This paper is concerned with classical solutions to the interaction of two arbitrary planar rarefaction waves for the self-similar Euler equations in two space dimensions. We develop the direct approach, started in Chen and Zheng (in press) [3], to the problem to recover all the properties of the solutions obtained via the hodograph transformation of Li and Zheng (2009) [14]. The direct approach, as opposed to the hodograph transformation, is straightforward and avoids the common difficulties of the hodograph transformation associated with simple waves and boundaries. The approach is made up of various characteristic decompositions of the self-similar Euler equations for the speed of sound and inclination angles of characteristics.     

An operator splitting method for nonlinear convection-diffusion equations

Summary. We present a semi-discrete method for constructing approximate solutions to the initial value problem for the -dimensional convection-diffusion equation . The method is based on the use of operator splitting to isolate the convection part and the diffusion part of the equation. In the case , dimensional splitting is used to reduce the -dimensional convection problem to a series of one-dimensional problems. We show that the method produces a compact sequence of approximate solutions which converges to the exact solution. Finally, a fully discrete method is analyzed, and demonstrated in the case of one and two space dimensions. ReceivedFebruary 1, 1996 / Revised version received June 24, 1996     

Upwind finite volume schemes for weakly coupled hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in 2D

Summary. Systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws in two space dimensions are considered which are characterized by the fact that the coupling of the equations is only due to source terms. To solve these weakly coupled systems numerically a class of explicit and implicit upwind finite volume methods on unstructured grids is presented. Provided an unique entropy solution of the system of conservation laws exists we prove that the approximations obtained by these schemes converge for vanishing discretization parameter to this entropy solution. These results are applied to examples from combustion theory and hydrology where the existence of entropy solutions can be shown. The proofs rely on an extension of a result due to DiPerna concerning measure valued solutions to the case of weakly coupled hyperbolic systems. Received April 29, 1997     

The lifespan of spherically symmetric solutions of the compressible Euler equations outside an impermeable sphere

We consider smooth three-dimensional spherically symmetric Eulerian flows of ideal polytropic gases outside an impermeable sphere, with initial data equal to the sum of a constant flow with zero velocity and a smooth perturbation with compact support. Under a natural assumption on the form of the perturbation, we obtain precise information on the asymptotic behavior of the lifespan as the size of the perturbation tends to 0. When there is no sphere, so that the flow is defined in all space, corresponding results have been obtained in [P. Godin, The lifespan of a class of smooth spherically symmetric solutions of the compressible Euler equations with variable entropy in three space dimensions, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 177 (2005) 479–511].     

On a nonlinear hyperbolic problem arising in two-phase flows in naturally fractured reservoirs

A system of two first-order quasilinear equations consisting of one nonhomogenous hyperbolic conservation law and an ordinary differential equation is investigated in two spatial dimensions. The initial boundary-value problem is solved for the system and existence, uniqueness, and stability theorems are proved. We also obtain a result on the behavior of the solution when time goes to infinity which agrees with practical experience. These results offer mathematical validation to computer models in current usage for the numerical simulation of multiphase flow in naturally fractured reservoirs.     

On the solvability of a spatial problem of Darboux type for the wave equation

The question of the correct formulation of one spatial problem of Darboux type for the wave equation has been investigated. The correct formulation of that problem in the Sobolev space has been proved for surfaces having a quite definite orientation on which are given the boundary value conditions of the problem of Darboux type.     

Global solvability for the Kirchhoff equations in exterior domains of dimension three

We consider the initial (boundary) value problem for the Kirchhoff equations in exterior domains or in the whole space of dimension three, and show that these problems admit time-global solutions, provided the norms of the initial data in the usual Sobolev spaces of appropriate order are sufficiently small. We obtain uniform estimates of the L¹(R) norms with respect to time variable at each point in the domain, of solutions of initial (boundary) value problem for the linear wave equations. We then show that the estimates above yield the unique global solvability for the Kirchhoff equations.     

Stability of contact discontinuities for the nonisentropic Euler equations

We study the stability of contact discontinuities for the nonisentropic Euler equations in two or three space dimensions. A simple criterion predicting neutral stability or violent instability is given.

---

Sunto Si studia la stabilità delle discontinuità di contatto per le equazioni di Eulero non isentropiche in dimensione di spazio 2 e 3. Viene presentato un criterio semplice per la stabilità neutrale e l’instabilità violenta.

     

The semilinear second-order hyperbolic equation with data strongly singular at one point

In this paper we study the initial value problem for the scalar semilinear strictly hyperbolic equation in multidimensional space with data strongly singular at one point. Under the assumption of the initial data being conormal with respect to one point and bounded or regular with a certain low degree, the existence of the solution to this problem is obtained; meanwhile, it is proved that the singularity of the solution will spread on the forward characteristic cone of the hyperbolic operator issuing from this point, and the solution is bounded and conormal with respect to this cone.     

On a Darboux type multidimensional problem for second-order hyperbolic systems

The correct formulation of a Darboux type multidimensional problem for second-order hyperbolic systems is investigated. The correct formulation of such a problem in the Sobolev space is proved for temporal type surfaces on which the boundary conditions of a Darboux type problem are given.     

Spatial problem of Darboux type for one model equation of third order

For a hyperbolic type model equation of third order a Darboux type problem is investigated in a dihedral angle. It is shown that there exists a real number ₀ such that for > ₀ the problem under consideration is uniquelly solvable in the Frechet space. In the case where the coefficients are constants, Bochner's method is developed in multidimensional domains, and used to prove the uniquely solvability of the problem both in Frechet and in Banach spaces.     

Convergence of higher order upwind finite volume schemes on unstructured grids for scalar conservation laws in several space dimensions

Summary. We prove convergence of a class of higher order upwind finite volume schemes on unstructured grids for scalar conservation laws in several space dimensions. The result is applied to the discontinuous Galerkin method due to Cockburn, Hou and Shu. Received April 15, 1993 / Revised version received March 13, 1995     

The Cauchy problem for the 1-D Dirac–Klein–Gordon equation

The Cauchy problem for the Dirac–Klein–Gordon equation are discussed in one space dimension. Time local and global existence for solutions with rough data, especially the solutions for Klein–Gordon equation in the critical and super critical Sobolev norm of [4] are considered. The solutions with general propagation speeds are dealt with.      

On the solvability of a Darboux type non-characteristic spatial problem for the wave equation

The question of the correct formulation of a Darboux type non-characteristic spatial problem for the wave equation is investigated. The correct solvability of the problem is proved in the Sobolev space for surfaces of the temporal type on which Darboux type boundary conditions are given.     

Global small amplitude solutions for two-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon systems in the presence of mass resonance

We consider a nonlinear system of two-dimensional Klein-Gordon equations with masses m₁, m₂ satisfying the resonance relation m₂=2m₁>0. We introduce a structural condition on the nonlinearities under which the solution exists globally in time and decays at the rate O(|t|⁻¹) as t→±∞ in L^∞. In particular, our new condition includes the Yukawa type interaction, which has been excluded from the null condition in the sense of J.-M. Delort, D. Fang and R. Xue [J.-M. Delort, D. Fang, R. Xue, Global existence of small solutions for quadratic quasilinear Klein-Gordon systems in two space dimensions, J. Funct. Anal. 211 (2004) 288-323].