Strong Statistical Convergence in Probabilistic Metric Spaces

Abstract

In this article, we introduce the concepts of strongly statistically convergent sequence and strong statistically Cauchy sequence in a probabilistic metric (PM) space endowed with the strong topology, and establish some basic facts. Next, we define the strong statistical limit points and the strong statistical cluster points of a sequence in this space and investigate the relations between these concepts.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">I</Emphasis>-convergence in random 2-normed spaces

Recently the concepts of statistical convergence and ideal convergence have been studied in 2-normed and 2-Banach spaces by various authors. In this paper we define and study the notion of ideal convergence in random 2-normed space and construct some interesting examples.     

Hilbert空间中广义平衡问题和不动点问题的粘滞逼近法

在Hilbert空间,我们用粘滞逼近法建立了一迭代序列来逼近两个集合的公共点,这两个集合分别是广义平衡问题的解集和渐进非扩张映射的不动点集.我们表明这一迭代序列强收敛到这两个集合的公共点,而且这一公共点还是一变分不等式的解.用这一结果,还研究了三个强收敛问题和优化问题.     

Approximating stationary points of stochastic optimization problems in Banach space

In this paper, we present a uniform strong law of large numbers for random set-valued mappings in separable Banach space and apply it to analyze the sample average approximation of Clarke stationary points of a nonsmooth one stage stochastic minimization problem in separable Banach space. Moreover, under Hausdorff continuity, we show that with probability approaching one exponentially fast with the increase of sample size, the sample average of a convex compact set-valued mapping converges to its expected value uniformly. The result is used to establish exponential convergence of stationary sequence under some metric regularity conditions.     

Local rotundity structure of Cesàro-Orlicz sequence spaces

Some criteria for extreme points and strong U-points in Cesàro-Orlicz spaces are given. In consequence we find a Cesàro-Orlicz sequence space different from c₀ which has no extreme points. Some examples show that in these spaces the notion of the strong U-point is essentially stronger than the notion of the extreme point. Various examples presented in this paper show that there are some differences between criteria for extreme points and strong U-points in Orlicz spaces and in Cesàro-Orlicz spaces. We also show that the uniqueness of the local best approximation needs the notion of SU-point, that is, the notion of the extreme point is not strong enough here.     

Uncomplemented uniform algebras

Let A be a closed subalgebra of the algebra of all complex-valued continuous functions on a compact space X, and suppose A contains the constant functions and separates points of X; let I be a closed ideal of A such that for some linear multiplicative functional ? on A we have the relation 0 > ∥?∣r∥ > 1 (for the existence of such an ideal it is sufficient that in the maximal ideal space of the algebra A there exists a Gleason part consisting of at least two points). Then the Banach space A^** is not injective [in particular, A is not a complemented subspace of C(X)].     

Statistical order convergence in Riesz spaces

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of statistical monotone convergence and statistical order convergence in a Riesz space, and establish some basic facts. We show that the statistical order convergence and the statistical convergence in norm need not be equivalent in a normed Riesz space. Finally, we introduce the statistical order boundedness of a sequence in a Riesz space.     

Rough convergence of double sequences of fuzzy numbers

In this paper, we define the concepts of rough convergence and rough Cauchy sequence of double sequences of fuzzy numbers. Then, we investigate some relations between rough limit set and extreme limit points of such sequences.     

On Some Local Geometry of Orlicz Sequence Spaces Equipped with the Luxemburg Norm

Criteria for strong U-points, compactly locally uniformly rotund points, weakly compactly locally uniformly rotund points and locally uniformly rotund-points in Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the Luxemburg norm are given. It is also shown that in any Banach space X strong U-points are exposed points and that these points are related to very smooth points in the dual space X*.     

强S—Lindelof空间

利用强半开集定义了强S-Lindelof可数性的概念,讨论了其基本性质．证明了强S-Lindelof性对强半闭子集是遗传的,具有强半同胚不变性等,并给出了强S-Lindelof空间的一些应用．     

Strong convergence theorems by hybrid methods for countable families of nonlinear operators in Banach spaces

Our purpose in this paper is first to obtain some results for fixed points and asymptotically fixed points of nonlinear operators in a Banach space. Using these results, we prove strong convergence theorems by hybrid methods for countable families of nonlinear operators with equilibrium problems in a Banach space.     

Image space approach to penalty methods

In this paper, we introduce a unified framework for the study of penalty concepts by means of the separation functions in the image space (see Ref. 1). Moreover, we establish new results concerning a correspondence between the solutions of the constrained problem and the limit points of the unconstrained minima. Finally, we analyze some known classes of penalty functions and some known classical results about penalization, and we show that they can be derived from our results directly.     

Regularized and inertial algorithms for common fixed points of nonlinear operators

This paper deals with a general fixed point iteration for computing a point in some nonempty closed and convex solution set included in the common fixed point set of a sequence of mappings on a real Hilbert space. The proposed method combines two strategies: viscosity approximations (regularization) and inertial type extrapolation. The first strategy is known to ensure the strong convergence of some successive approximation methods, while the second one is intended to speed up the convergence process. Under classical conditions on the operators and the parameters, we prove that the sequence of iterates generated by our scheme converges strongly to the element of minimal norm in the solution set. This algorithm works, for instance, for approximating common fixed points of infinite families of demicontractive mappings, including the classes of quasi-nonexpansive operators and strictly pseudocontractive ones.     

Decomposition of fuzzy continuity and fuzzy ideal continuity via fuzzy idealization

Recently, El-Naschie has shown that the notion of fuzzy topology may be relevant to quantum paretical physics in connection with string theory and E-infinity space time theory. In this paper, we study the concepts of r-fuzzy semi-I-open, r-fuzzy pre-I-open, r-fuzzy α-I-open and r-fuzzy β-I-open sets, which is properly placed between r-fuzzy openness and r-fuzzy α-I-openness (r-fuzzy pre-I-openness) sets regardless the fuzzy ideal topological space in Ŝostak sense. Moreover, we give a decomposition of fuzzy continuity, fuzzy ideal continuity and fuzzy ideal α-continuity, and obtain several characterization and some properties of these functions. Also, we investigate their relationship with other types of function.     

Hyperplane sections and the subtlety of the Lefschetz properties

The weak and strong Lefschetz properties are two basic properties that Artinian algebras may have. Both Lefschetz properties may vary under small perturbations or changes of the characteristic. We study these subtleties by proposing a systematic way of deforming a monomial ideal failing the weak Lefschetz property to an ideal with the same Hilbert function and the weak Lefschetz property. In particular, we lift a family of Artinian monomial ideals to finite level sets of points in projective space with the property that a general hyperplane section has the weak Lefschetz property in almost all characteristics, whereas a special hyperplane section does not have this property in any characteristic.     

A general iteration scheme for variational inequality problem and common fixed point problems of nonexpansive mappings in q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces

In this paper, we introduce a general iterative algorithm for finding a common element of the set of common fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of systems of variational inequalities for two inverse strongly accretive mappings in a q-uniformly smooth Banach space. Then, we prove a strong convergence theorem for the iterative sequence generated by the proposed iterative algorithm under very mild conditions. The methods in the paper are novel and different from those in the early and recent literature. Our results can be viewed as improvement, supplementation, development and extension of the corresponding results in some references to a great extent.     

On Quantitative Stability in Optimization and Optimal Control

We study two continuity concepts for set-valued maps that play central roles in quantitative stability analysis of optimization problems: Aubin continuity and Lipschitzian localization. We show that various inverse function theorems involving these concepts can be deduced from a single general result on existence of solutions to an inclusion in metric spaces. As applications, we analyze the stability with respect to canonical perturbations of a mathematical program in a Hilbert space and an optimal control problem with inequality control constraints. For stationary points of these problems, Aubin continuity and Lipschitzian localization coincide; moreover, both properties are equivalent to surjectivity of the map of the gradients of the active constraints combined with a strong second-order sufficient optimality condition.     

Almost overcomplete and almost overtotal sequences in Banach spaces

We introduce the new concepts of almost overcomplete sequence in a Banach space and almost overtotal sequence in a dual space. We prove that any of such sequences is relatively norm-compact and we present several applications of this fact.     

非扩张映射不动点的粘性逼近方法

在具有一致Gateaux可微范数的Banach空间中,建立了一个改进的非扩张映射不动点的粘性逼近方法,并在一定条件下证明了该方法所得到的迭代序列的强收性.本文所得结果扩展并统一了部分文献的结果.     

On infinite dimensional quadratic Volterra operators

In this paper we study a class of quadratic operators named by Volterra operators on infinite dimensional space. We prove that such operators have infinitely many fixed points and the set of Volterra operators forms a convex compact set. In addition, it is described its extreme points. Besides, we study certain limit behaviors of such operators and give some more examples of Volterra operators for which their trajectories do not converge. Finally, we define a compatible sequence of finite dimensional Volterra operators and prove that any power of this sequence converges in weak topology.