取向碳纳米管/高分子新型复合材料的制备及应用

碳纳米管/高分子复合材料已经被广泛研究, 但长期以来存在一个共同而关键的挑战, 即碳纳米管无规聚集, 结构难以调控, 性能无法满足应用需要. 本工作提出了制备取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料的一种新方法, 获得块状、膜状、纤维状复合材料, 制备的关键步骤是通过化学气相沉积法合成可纺的高质量碳纳米管阵列. 该方法简单易行, 具有较好的普适性. 由于碳纳米管取向排列, 复合材料具有优异的物理性能, 如碳纳米管取向后复合材料的机械强度和导电率可分别提高一个和三个数量级. 在此基础上, 进一步探讨取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料作为新型电极在有机太阳能电池中的应用.     

以多孔硅为模板制备取向碳纳米管

制备具有取向性好的碳纳米管阵列,尤其在硅基上的定向生长对实现碳纳米管的应用有着十分重要的意义．采用有机气体催化热解的方法,以多孔硅为模板,在硅基上制备出了具有取向性的碳纳米管阵列．结果表明,这种具有取向性的碳纳米管石墨化程度较高．孔径在１０～１００ｎｍ之间的多孔硅衬底,对碳纳米管的生长有控制作用,碳纳米管的直径随着衬底孔径的增大而增大．而大孔硅则没有类似的控制作用．     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料加工过程中原位取向方法与技术

碳纳米管具有优异的力学、电学等性能,但是在聚合物复合材料中的无规状态不能发挥出其自身的优异性能.本文从碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的加工过程实现取向增强入手,结合自己的研究成果,综述了在外力、电场、磁场、液晶诱导等作用下制备取向碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料.可以看出,经过精心设计的力场、电场、磁场和液晶作用可以使碳纳米管在聚合物复合材料加工过程中取向,并进而提高了力学和电学性能,但取向程度均有待提高.     

碳纳米管膜电极的制备及其分析应用

本文详细介绍了碳纳米管的特性,并就碳纳米管在电分析化学中的应用情况进行了全面的综述,重点介绍了各种碳纳米管膜电极的制备及其应用。     

水热法制备氧化镉纳米线内填充碳纳米管阵列

碳纳米管及其复合材料具有独特且优异的性能,是纳米科学领域的研究热点.以往的大量研究主要关注碳纳米管外壁的修饰和复合.近年来,一些理论和实验研究显示,填充于碳纳米管纳米孔道中的物质具有很多特殊的性质与应用.然而传统的填充方法存在填充条件苛刻、填充效率低、重现性差等缺点,极大地限制了该类型复合材料的制备与应用.本文采用一种高度取向排列的碳纳米管/环氧树脂多孔复合薄膜为原料,结合水热法成功地在直径仅8 nm的碳纳米管孔道内部原位填充了长度超过100 nm的氧化镉纳米线,并通过高分辨透射电子显微镜(the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,HRTEM)、能量弥散X-射线光谱(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,EDX)等方法对实验结果进行表征.与传统填充方法相比,我们的方法具有操作简便、填充效率高等优点,未来可推广到制备其他复杂结构的碳纳米管内填充复合材料,用于新型传感器、电极材料及光学器件等.     

催化裂解CH4或CO制碳纳米管结构性能的谱学表征

利用TEM、HRTEM、XRD、XPS和TPO等方法对CH₄或CO催化分解生成的碳纳米管结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,所得产物是管径15～20nm的均匀碳纳米管.其XRD谱图与石墨的相近,但特征衍射峰稍宽化,表明其长程有序度较石墨的低.由CH₄制备的碳纳米管系由多层具有类石墨片状结构的同心、等径及中空圆锥形面叠合而成,类石墨层面取向与管轴倾斜;而由CO制备的碳纳米管系由多层具有类石墨片状结构的圆柱形面围叠而成,类石墨层面取向与管轴平行.碳纳米管中C_1s的电子结合能比石墨的下降约0.5eV.TPO试验结果显示所制备的两种产物中无定形碳含量都很低,其整体结构石墨化程度较高;由CH₄制得的碳纳米管与O₂反应的起燃温度比由CO制得的约高100K.     

碳纳米管透明导电薄膜的可控制备

碳纳米管具有优秀的导电性能、 透光性能和十分突出的柔性, 在柔性透明导电薄膜中有着良好的应用前景. 如何制备同时拥有良好导电性能和透光性能的碳纳米管薄膜是这一领域研究的核心问题. 本综述介绍了碳纳米管薄膜的制备方法, 并重点讨论了基于漂浮催化剂化学气相沉积法的碳纳米管薄膜的可控制备. 在生长过程中限制碳纳米管的团聚、 增加碳纳米管的长度、 降低杂质的含量是提高碳纳米管薄膜性能的主要策略.     

石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及应用进展

石墨烯和碳纳米管都是纳米尺寸的碳材料,具有极大的比表面积、良好的导电性以及优秀的机械性能等特性. 选择合适的方法制备出石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料,它们之间可以产生一种协同效应,使其各种物理化学性能得到增强,因而这种复合材料在很多领域有着极大的应用前景. 以石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料为综述对象,详细地介绍了它的制备、掺杂和应用等方面的进展,同时也对其发展前景进行了展望. 这种复合材料不仅被成功地应用在电容器、光电器件、储能电池、电化学传感器和其它领域,而且也会在这些领域内深化并向其它领域延伸.     

碳纳米管的最新制备技术及生长机理

结合笔者的工作综述了碳纳米管的制备技术及生长机理的最新研究进展，重点介绍了近两年来碳纳米管制备的进展情况，包括传统制备方法的改进（电弧放电法、化学气相沉积法和激光蒸发法）、新型制备技术、特殊结构的碳纳米管制备；同时探讨了碳纳米管的各种生长机理；最后提出了碳纳米管制备技术和生长机理的发展方向。     

取向碳纳米管/硅纳米线复合阵列的制备

在阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)的取向微孔内, 利用化学气相沉积(CVD) 技术首先制备了两端开口高度取向的碳纳米管阵列, 再在碳纳米管中间的孔洞内沉积硅纳米线, 成功制备了碳纳米管/硅纳米线(CNTs/SiNWs)核鞘复合阵列结构. 用SEM, TEM, XRD等仪器分析了CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列和沉积在碳纳米管孔洞内的硅纳米线的生长特性和晶体结构, 利用I-V关系和Fowler-Nordheim方程研究了其场发射(FE)特性, 用荧光光谱分析仪分析了复合阵列的荧光(PL)特性. 证明了模板法制备的CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列结构可用来制作具有金属/半导体(M/S)特性的纳米PN结, 该复合阵列结构也使SiNWs包覆在CNTs惰性鞘内, 可防止SiNWs在空气中的进一步氧化. 制备出的CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列结构生长方向高度有序, 直径和长度易于控制, 极少产生其他制备方法中出现的纳米结构弯曲和相互缠绕现象.     

卟啉修饰的碳纳米管研究进展

从问题解决的视角介绍碳纳米管的性质和在应用方面存在的问题。重点介绍卟啉修饰的碳纳米管的优势以及卟啉修饰碳纳米管的方法、应用和近期的研究进展。     

Thermally responsive ionic transport system reinforced by aligned functional carbon nanotubes backbone

Ion transport plays an important role in energy conversion, biosensors, and a variety of biological processes. Carbon nanotubes, especially for the carbon nanotubes arrays with controlled vertically aligned structures, have displayed great potential as a promising material for regulating ion transport behaviors in the applications of the nanofluidic devices and osmotic energy conversion. Herein, we demonstrate the thermo-controlled ion transport system through the vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes arrays membrane modified by the thermo-responsive hydrogel in a simple and reliable way. The functional carbon nanotubes backbone with the inherent surface charge and interstitial channels structure renders the system improved ion transport behaviors and well controlled switching property by thermo. Based on the integrated properties, the energy output from osmotic power in this system could be regulated by the reversible temperature switches. Moreover, it can realize a higher osmotic energy conversion property regulated by the thermos, which may extend the practical application in the future. The system that combines intelligent response with controlled ion transport behaviors and potential osmotic energy utilizations presents a valuable paradigm for the use of carbon nanotubes and hydrogel composite materials and provides a promising way for applications of nanofluidic devices.     

Application of carbon-based nanomaterials in sample preparation: A review

In this paper, a broad overview on the applications of different carbon-based nanomaterials, including nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanocones-disks and nanohorns, as well as their functionalized forms, in sample preparation is provided. Particular attention has been paid to graphene because many papers regarding its application in this research field are becoming available. The distinctive properties, derivatization methods and application techniques of these materials were summarized and compared. According to their research status and perspective, these nanomaterials were classified in four groups (I: graphene and carbon nanotubes; II: carbon nanofibers; III: fullerenes; and IV: nanodiamonds, carbon nanocones/disks and carbon nanohorns) and characteristics and future trends of every group were discussed.     

碳纳米管的纯化

目前制备碳纳米管的方法很多，然而这些方法所制得的产物中除碳纳米管外常常还含有无定形碳、碳纳米粒子及催化剂颗粒等杂质，这些杂质的存在直接影响到碳纳米管的性能测试及其应用研究，因此碳纳米管的纯化研究十分必要与重要。而不同制备方法所得碳纳米管的性质以及所引入的杂质都不相同，这就增加了碳纳米管纯化研究的难度。本文结合该领域研究前沿对碳纳米管的纯化机理及方法做了系统的介绍。     

Molecular beam-controlled nucleation and growth of vertically aligned single-wall carbon nanotube arrays

The main obstacle to widespread application of single-wall carbon nanotubes is the lack of reproducible synthesis methods of pure material. We describe a new growth method for single-wall carbon nanotubes that uses molecular beams of precursor gases that impinge on a heated substrate coated with a catalyst thin film. In this growth environment the gas and the substrate temperature are decoupled and carbon nanotube growth occurs by surface reactions without contribution from homogeneous gas-phase reactions. This controlled reaction environment revealed that SWCNT growth is a complex multicomponent reaction in which not just C, but also H, and O play a critical role. These experiments identified acetylene as a prolific direct building block for carbon network formation that is an order of magnitude more efficient than other small-molecule precursors. The molecular jet experiments show that with optimal catalyst particle size the incidence rate of acetylene molecules plays a critical role in the formation of single-wall carbon nanotubes and dense vertically aligned arrays in which they are the dominant component. The threshold for vertically aligned growth, the growth rate, the diameter, and the number of walls of the carbon nanotubes are systematically correlated with the acetylene incidence rate and the substrate temperature.     

Aligned Nanotubes

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes by Iijima in 1991, various carbon nanotubes with either a single‐ or multilayered graphene cylinder(s) have been produced, along with their noncarbon counterparts (for example, inorganic and polymer nanotubes). These nanostructured materials often possess size‐dependent properties and show new phenomena related to the nanosize confinement of the charge carriers inside, which leads to the possibility of developing new materials with useful properties and advanced devices with desirable features for a wide range of applications. In particular, carbon nanotubes have been shown to exhibit superior properties attractive for various potential applications, ranging from their use as novel electron emitters in flat‐panel displays to electrodes in electrochemical sensors. For many of the applications, it is highly desirable to have aligned/patterned forms of carbon nanotubes so that their structure/property can be easily assessed and so that they can be effectively incorporated into devices. In this Review, we present an overview on the development of aligned and micropatterned nanotubes, with an emphasis on carbon nanotubes.     

孔性氧化铝模板与一维纳米新材料的制备

纳米材料尤其是以碳纳米管有序阵列为代表的一维纳米阵列材料的重要价值,促进了人们对模板合成方法的研究。本文简要回顾和总结了近年来有关孔性氧化铝模板的制备及其应用的研究进展,结合我们实验室的部分相关研究工作,揭示了孔性氧化铝模板在合成与组装一维纳米新材料方面的重要作用,以进一步活跃和促进该重要领域的研究和发展。     

Large-scale synthesis of perpendicularly aligned helical carbon nanotubes

Large-scale perpendicularly aligned helical carbon nanotube arrays were prepared by co-pyrolysis of Fe(CO)5 and pyridine onto the pristine quartz glass plates in a tube furnace at 900-1100 degrees C under a mixture flow of Ar and H2. The resultant aligned helical carbon nanotubes could not only facilitate the structure-property characterization for helical carbon nanotubes but also allow them to be effectively incorporated into devices for practical applications.     

碳纳米管有序排列的研究进展Ⅱ碳纳米管的一维排列、表征以及应用

综述了近年来制备碳纳米管的有序排列的情况,第一部分主要概括碳纳米管的多维排列,第二部分包括:(1)碳纳米管的一维排列;(2)有序排列碳纳米管的表征技术;(3)有序排列碳纳米管的应用。     

Asymmetric end-functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Asymmetric end-functionalization of carbon nanotubes was achieved by sequentially floating a substrate-free aligned carbon nanotube film on two different photoreactive solutions with only one side of the nanotube film being contacted with the photoreactive solution and exposed to UV light each time. The resultant nanotubes with different chemical reagents attached onto their opposite tube-ends should be very useful for site-selective self-assembling of carbon nanotubes into many novel functional structures for various potential applications.