Characterisation of Ba2In2 − x Sn x O5 + x/2 oxide ion conductors

The Ba₂In_2 − x Sn _x O_5 + x/2 solid solution was confirmed up to x = 1 by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction at room and at elevated temperatures, Raman scattering and impedance spectroscopy were used to characterise the samples. The structure refinement of the composition x = 0.1 from neutron diffraction data reveals that tin is preferentially located in the tetrahedral layers of the brownmillerite. Paper presented at the 11th EuroConference on the Science and Technology of Ionics, Batz-sur-Mer, Sept. 9–15, 2007     

Structure and dielectric properties of Bi6 − x Sr x Ti2 − x Nb2 + x O18 (x = 0–2) solid solutions

The structural and electrophysical characteristics of a series of solid solutions of layered perovs-kite-like oxides Bi_{6 ? x} Sr _x Ti_{2 ? x} Nb_{2 + x} O₁₈ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) have been studied. The temperature dependences of the relative permittivity ?/?₀(T) and dielectric loss tangent tanδ have been measured. The dependences of the maximum of the permittivity ?/?₀, Curie temperature T _C, lattice parameters, and the unit cell volume on x have been obtained. The structural parameter a, which corresponds to the polar direction, and the value of the orthorhombic distortion of the unit cell have been found to demonstrate noticeable negative deviations from the Vegard’s law. It has been established that the variations of the orthorhombic distortion correlate with the variations of the permittivity maximum; however, they do not markedly influence the Curie temperature that varies linearly over entire range of changes in x.     

ВЛИЯНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ К ИСЛОРОДА НА ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕ РМОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ТРОЙНОЙ СИС ТЕМЫ Вi2Те3−x Sе x

, Bi₂Te_3–x Se _x . , , . , , . .

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Influence of oxygen content on electric and thermoelectric properties of ternary system Bi₂Te_3–x Se _x

A study is made of the influence of oxygen, contained in the semi-conducting system Bi₂Te_3–x Sé _x , on the electric and thermoelectric properties. It is shown that the addition of oxygen to the prepared samples Bi₂Te_2.4Se_0.6 causes a decrease in electric conductivity while the thermoelectric force remains unchanged. This influence is connected with a decrease in the mobility of the electrons but their concentration is not influenced by the presence of oxygen. Conclusions are reached as to the influence of oxygen on the efficiency of the conversion of thermal energy into electric energy and vice versa.

     

Thermoelectric power of Ba(Fe1−x Co x )2As2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) and Ba(Fe1−x Rh x )2As2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.171)

Temperature-dependent, in-plane, thermoelectric power data are presented for single crystals of Ba(Fe_1?x Co _x )₂As₂ (0?≤?x?≤?0.05) and Ba(Fe_1?x Rh _x )₂As₂ (0?≤?x?≤?0.171). Given that previous thermoelectric power and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies of Ba(Fe_1?x Co _x )₂As₂ delineated a rather large Co-concentration range for Lifshitz transitions to occur, and the underdoped side of the phase diagram is poorly explored, new measurements of thermoelectric power on tightly spaced concentrations of Co, 0?≤?x?≤?0.05, were carried out. The data suggest evidence of a Lifshitz transition, but instead of a discontinuous jump in thermoelectric power in the range 0?≤?x?≤?0.05, a more gradual evolution in the S(T) plots as x is increased was observed. The thermoelectric power data of Ba(Fe_1?x Rh _x )₂As₂ show very similar behavior to that of Co substituted BaFe₂As₂. The previously outlined T–x phase diagrams for both systems are further confirmed by these thermoelectric power data.     

High-Moment-Low-Moment Description of Magnetovolume Effects in Y(Mn x Al 1− x ) 2 and Y x Sc 1− x Mn 2

Based on the assumption of a high-moment-low-moment instability of the Mn atom, we construct a simple spin model with coupled magnetic and spatial degrees of freedom to describe the Laves phase systems Y(Mn x Al 1 m x ) 2 and Y x Sc 1 m x Mn 2 . Monte Carlo simulations of this model qualitatively reproduce anomalies observed in these materials like a discontinuous giant volume change and anomalous thermal expansion behavior.     

Mössbauer studies of GdFe2 − x Hf x alloys

GdFe_2???x Hf _x alloys, where x?=?0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.30, are produced by arc-melting of pure elements. The samples are investigated by x-ray diffraction and Fe⁵⁷ Mössbauer spectroscopy at 78 K and 300 K. We find that the alloy system GdFe_2???x Hf _x have the single phase cubic Cu₂Mg type structure in the whole concentration range. Mössbauer spectroscopic results show that all the samples studied are magnetically ordered at 78 K, and at room temperature. The room temperature spectra are fitted with two magnetic components where the direction of magnetization is along the [111] while the spectra at 78 K are fitted with four magnetic subspectra indicating a complex direction of magnetization for all samples under investigation. The average magnetic hyperfine field and the average isomer shift are found to decrease almost linearly with increasing the Hf concentration at 78 K and 300 K due to the replacement of Fe by nonmagnetic Hf.     

Magnetic hyperfine fields in Y2Fe17−x Si x compounds

Y₂Fe_17–x Si _x compounds withx=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and3.0 were investigated by magnetic measurement andNMR. It is found that with increasing Si content the Curie temperatureT _C increases while the average Fe magnetic moment _Fe decreases. NMR study indicates that Si preferentially substitute the Fe atoms at 4f sites, which is responsible for the increase ofT _C.     

Vibrational spectra of CuAl x Ga1−x S2 solid solutions

Investigations of the IR reflection and Raman spectra in polarized light are carried out on single crystals of the ternary compounds CuAlS₂ and CuGaS₂ and solid solutions based on them grown by the method of chemical transport reactions. The frequencies of longitudinal and transverse phonons are determined, the IR intensities and damping factors of phonons (ε₀, ε_∞) are calculated, and their concentration dependences are constructed. It is established that optical vibrations in the solid solutions manifest a mixed behavior. Belarusian State University of Information Science and Radioelectronics 6 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus; e-mail: kafchim@gw.bsuir.unibel.by. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 800–803, November–December, 1999.     

Critical behavior of single crystal CuCr2Se4−x Br x (x=0.25)

The doping of bromine has prominent effect on the transport properties of CuCr₂Se₄, where the conductivity of CuCr₂Se_4?x Br _x changes from metallic behavior with x=0 to semiconductor with x=1. In this work, the critical behavior of single crystal CuCr₂Se_4?x Br _x with x=0.25, which lies at the boundary between the metallic and insulating state, is investigated through the magnetization under high magnetic field. The critical exponents β=0.39±0.03 and γ=1.25±0.05 are obtained by the Kouvel–Fisher method, and δ=4.79±0.01 is generated by the critical iso-thermal analysis. The obtained exponent β is close to the prediction of the three-dimensional (3D) Heisenberg model, while γ approaches that of the 3D-Ising model. Although the bromine doping has prominent effect on the transport behavior, the critical exponents are hardly changed. The obtained results indicate that the ferromagnetism is established through one-dimensional Cr–Se–Cr bonds. However, the nearest-neighbor magnetic interaction belonging to the 3D-Heisenberg model also contributes to the ferromagnetic exchange.     

A study of Ba x Mg1 − x F2 optical films

Ba _x Me_{1 ? x} F₂ binary fluoride films (“Me” denotes calcium or magnesium fluoride) are studied. A method of processing the reflection and transmission spectra is proposed to determine the optical constants. The dispersion dependences of the refractive indices and absorption coefficients of films in the range of 1.3–12 μm are found. Dispersion in films in the regions of additional absorption bands, which are absent in single crystals, is observed for the first time. It is shown that the films of binary fluorides have a higher packing density, a lower absorption, and better operating characteristics than do films of pure fluorides. The films are promising for application as optical interference coatings in the mid-IR spectral region.     

Magnetic and structural transition of Ni50+xMn25−x/2Ga25−x/2 (x=2–5) alloys

Magnetic and structural transitions of non-stoichiometric Ni_50+xMn_25−x/2Ga_25−x/2 (x=2–5) alloys are systematically investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and modified thermogravimetry (TG) are used to measure magnetic and structural transitions simultaneously. The structural transition temperatures increase monotonically with increasing Ni substitution for Mn and Ga. Different magnetic transition sequences on heating were observed from ferromagnetic martensite to ferromagnetic autensite, then to paramagnetic autensite, from ferromagnetic martensite to paramagnetic austensite or from ferromagnetic martensite to paramagnetic martensite, respectively. Three kinds of NiMnGa alloys were obtained according to the sequence of the structural and magnetic transition, whose structural transition temperatures are lower, equal to or higher than the magnetic transition temperatures.     

双层钙钛矿锰氧化物Nd_(2-2x)Ca_(1+2x)Mn_2O_7(x=0.4,0.5)的磁相变特性

利用固相反应法制备了Nd2-2x Ca1+2x Mn2O7(x=0.0-0.9)多晶样品,通过FULLPROF程序对样品X射线衍射图谱进行了精修,样品的空间群为14/mmm.测量了样品x=0.4,0.5的磁性(5K相似文献   

Entangled Eigenvectors of Scalar Fields φ1(x) - φ2(x) and П1(x) + П2(x)

We first demonstrate the precise Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement, which is inherent in quantum mechanics, in the context of quantum theory of complex scalar fields. We explicitly derive the entangled common eigenstates of φ₁(x) - φ₂(x) and П₁(x) + П₂(x) φ₁and φ₂ are two real components of the complex scalar field, and П₁ and П₂ are the corresponding conjugate fields) in the Fock space. The entangled eigenstates span a complete and orthonormal representation.     

μSr and vortex pinning in Bi2Sr2Ca1−x Gd x )Cu2O y

We present transverse fieldSR and bulk magnetisation studies on powders of Bi₂Sr₂(Ca_1{itxGd _x )Cu₂O _y for 0x<0.5. We have found that the effective pinning decreases rapidly withx even for values ofx for whichT _c remains unchanged. We have interpreted this decrease in terms of changes in _ab (obtained fromSR) which cause a decrease in vortex-vortex interactions. The field distribution spectra in these superconductors have been obtained using a maximum entropy analysis and are found to agree with the calculations by Harshmanet al.     

Single crystal growth and superconductivity of Ca(Fe1−x Co x )2As2

We report the single crystal growth of Ca(Fe_1?x Co _x )₂As₂ (0?≤?x?≤?0.082) from Sn flux. The temperature–composition phase diagram is mapped out based on the magnetic susceptibility and electrical transport measurements. The phase diagram of Ca(Fe_1?x Co _x )₂As₂ is qualitatively different from those of Sr and Ba; this could be due to both the charge doping and structural tuning effects associated with Co substitution.     

Thermal conductivity of single crystals of the Ca1 − x Y x F2 + x solid solution

The thermal conductivity of single crystals of the solid solution of yttrium fluoride in calcium fluoride Ca_{1 ? x} Y _x F_{2 + x} with the fluorite structure (x ≤ 0.20) and the Ca_0.27Y_0.73F_2.73 phase with the tisonite structure has been studied by the absolute steady-state longitudinal heat flow method in the temperature range 50–300 K. It has been established that the thermal conductivity drops sharply with increasing yttrium trifluoride concentration, especially in the low-temperature region.     

Characterization and optimization of Ce0.6Zr0.4−x Mn x O2 (x ≤ 0.4)

In situ synthesis method is used to synthesize g-C₃N₄-P25 composite photocatalysts with different mass rations. The experiment result shows that P25 particles with diameter at range of 20–30 nm were embedded homogenously in the sheets of g-C₃N₄. Coupling g-C₃N₄ with P25 can not only improve the visible light absorption, but also improve the visible light photocatalytic activity of P25. The g-C₃N₄-P25 nanocomposite has the higher photocatalytic activity than g-C₃N₄ under visible light. The optimal g-C₃N₄ content with the highest photocatalytic activity is determined to be 84 %, which is almost 3.3 times higher than that of individual g-C₃N₄ under the visible light. The enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the formation of g-C₃N₄ and TiO₂ heteojunction, which results in an efficient separation and transfer of photo-induced charge carriers. The electron spin resonance results show that the ^·O₂ ^? radicals are main active species for g-C₃N₄ and the g-C₃N₄-P25 nanocomposites.     

Superconductivity and magnetism in Y1−x Ca x Sr2GaCu2O7−δ

Samples of Y_1–x Ca _x Sr₂GaCu₂O_7– (x=0, 0.4) doped with⁵⁷Fe, prepared under various oxygen pressures, have been studied by magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Most of the iron ions (Fe³⁺) enter the Ga(Cu(1)) site. For thex=0 sample, the Mössbauer spectra of the iron nuclei in the Cu(2) sublattice display magnetic order of Cu,T _N=370 K. The iron ions in the Ga site display magnetic order only at low temperatures. At temperatures above 90 K, these iron ions display a pure quadrupole doublet Mössbauer spectrum. The samplex=0.4 also displays magnetic order of the Cu(2) site,T _N370 K. A sharp drop in the hyperfine field is observed atT _N, probably associated with a first-order phase transition or two-dimensional ordering. The iron nuclei in the Ga site display paramagnetic long spin relaxation time phenomena at 4.2 K. Thex=0.4 sample prepared under 110 atm oxygen pressure, displays superconductivity,T _c50 K. The Mössbauer spectra give evidence of the presence of two phases. One displays magnetic order, the other is paramagnetic, the last is probably associated with the superconducting phase.     

Observation of magnetic order of Cu-moment aroundx=0.12 in La2−x Ba x CuO4 and La2−x sr x CuO4 by μ+SR

Zero field positive muon spin rotation method ( ⁺SR) is applied on La_2–x Sr _x CuO₄ around forx=0.12 at which the high-T _c superconductivity (SC) is suppressed. The magnetically ordered state of Cu-moments, which is not a spin glass state but an antiferromagnetic like state, appears below 15 K for 0.105x0.120. The magnetic phase boundary is very similar to the one of the La_2–x Ba _x CuO₄ in which the structural transition from the low temperature orthorhombic (LTO) phase to the low temperature tetragonal (LTT) phase is observed aroundx=0.12. The present study suggests that there is no big difference of the electronic state of the CuO₂ plane between the La-Ba system and the La-Sr system and that the magnetic ordering of Cu-moments plays an important role for the suppression of the high-T _c SC aroundx=0.12 in both of the systems, although the LTO-LTT structural transition has not been observed yet in the La-Sr system.