纳米结构ZnO薄膜的制备及其疏水特性

利用水热法制备出与透明导电衬底附着良好的多种纳米结构ZnO薄膜,包括纳米柱阵列、纳米管阵列、纳米片阵列等,方便集成在多种器件上。并且实现了阵列中纳米柱、纳米管外径的调节,柱外径在50~300 nm范围内可调,管外径在300~1 000 nm范围内可调。几种纳米薄膜均显示出较强的疏水性。在未经任何低表面能物质修饰的情况下,水在外径约300 nm的管状阵列表面的静态接触角已达138°。而在紫外光照射下,这些疏水的ZnO薄膜还可以变得亲水。这些研究结果为ZnO纳米阵列在相关方面的应用提供了重要依据。     

Characterization and properties Ti-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coatings prepared by middle frequency magnetron sputtering

TiN-containing amorphous Ti-Al-Si-N (nc-TiN/a-Si₃N₄ or a-AlN) nanocomposite coatings were deposited by using a modified closed field twin unbalanced magnetron sputtering system which is arc assisted and consists of two circles of targets, at a substrate temperature of 300 °C. XRD, XPS and High-resolution TEM experiments showed that the coatings contain TiN nanocrystals embedded in the amorphous Si₃N₄ or AlN matrix. The coatings exhibit good mechanical properties that are greatly influenced by the Si contents. The hardness of the Ti-Al-Si-N coatings deposited at Si targets currents of 5, 8, 10, and 12 A were 45, 47, 54 and 46 GPa, respectively. The high hardness of the deposited Ti-Al-Si-N coatings may be own to the plastic distortion and dislocation blocking by the nanocrystalline structure. On the other hand, the friction coefficient decreases monotonously with increasing Si contents. This result would be caused by tribo-chemical reactions, which often take place in many ceramics, e.g. Si₃N₄ reacts with H₂O to produce SiO₂ or Si(OH)₂ tribolay-layer.     

Preparation and Characterization of Chemically Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carboxylated Nanocrystalline Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel Films with High Mechanical Strength

Chemically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxylated nanocry-stalline cellulose (PVA/CNCC) nanocomposite hydrogel films were fabricated by film-casting of PVA/CNCC mixture solutions and subsequent thermal-curing of the PVA with the CNCC. Gel fractions of the hydrogel films were measured to confirm the occurrence of crosslinking. Morphologies of the hydrogel films were characterized by polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal properties, swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the hydrogel films were investigated to evaluate the influence of CNCC content (10～30% of PVA mass). Equilibrium water content of the hydrogel films was in the range of 40～49%. At swelling equilibrium, the hydrogel films could be stretched to 3～3.4 times their original length, and their tensile strength was in the range of 7.9～11.6 MPa. The results show that the PVA/CNCC nanocomposite hydrogel films were both extensible and highly tough.     

Preparation and Characterization of the Polyaniline Nanocomposites with Electricity/Magnetic Properties

Three kinds of magnetic particle (water-based NiZn ferrite fluid, water-based Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid, and silicon-oil-based Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid)/polyaniline nanocomposites were prepared in this study. The samples, after drying and grinding, were characterized by infrared spectrometry (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis, scanning electron microscope (SEM); their electromagnetic properties were also measured. The conductivitiy of the resulting water-based NiZn ferrite/polyaniline nanocomposites (WBNiZnFe/PA) was the greatest, reaching 0.094 s/cm, while the conductivitiy for water-based Fe₃O₄ magnetic particle/polyaniline nanocomposites (WBFe₃O₄/PA) was the lowest, reaching only 0.068 s/cm. The saturation magnetization for WBFe₃O₄/PA was the greatest, being 1.5 emu/g, while the saturation magnetization for WBNiZnFe/PA was the lowest, being only 0.8 emu/g. The coercivity of all magnetic particle/polyaniline nanocomposites was about He = 200 Oe.     

氧化钒-碳纳米管复合薄膜的制备及特性

提出了一种制备氧化钒热敏电阻薄膜的新方法。采用紫外光和过氧化氢相结合的方法,对多壁碳纳米管进行功能化处理,然后通过溶胶-凝胶法,使功能化碳纳米管与V2O5相复合,制备氧化钒-碳纳米管复合薄膜。与单纯的氧化钒薄膜相比,氧化钒-碳纳米管复合膜的薄膜方阻和光学带隙发生减小,而电阻温度系数(TCR)和光吸收率相应增大。复合膜还具有更高的载流子迁移速率,更加适合应用到红外探测器当中。     

铕掺杂的花生酸钇薄膜的制备及表征

研究了花生酸在含有 ５ × １０－５Ｍ ＹＣｌ３和 ５ × １０－７Ｍ ＥｕＣｌ３的水溶液表面的成膜性，并将其在水溶液表面形成的膜利用 ＬＢ技术转移到固体基片上进行了表征。结果表明花生酸与水溶液中的 Ｅｕ３＋和 Ｙ３＋发生了化学反应，形成的是铭掺杂的花生酸忆ＬＢ膜。     

Preparation and Thermal Characterization of Diamond-Like Carbon Films

Diamond-like carbon （DLC） films are prepared on silicon substrates by microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Raman spectroscopy indicates that the films have an amorphous structure and typical characteristics. The topographies of the films are presented by AFM images. Effective thermal conductivities of the films are measured using a nanosecond pulsed photothermal reflectance method. The results show that thermal conductivity is dominated by the microstructure of the films.     

掺杂4-苯基卟啉的聚苯乙烯／二氧化硅复合纳米微球的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法,首先利用苯乙烯与3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)化学反应合成共聚前驱物,利用TEOS在一定的条件下水解与缩合,一步合成了有机-无机复合纳米微球。用扫描电镜、红外光谱对共聚物及复合纳米粒子进行了表征。将非水溶性发光材料四苯基卟啉掺杂其中,制备出荧光复合纳米粒子。该粒子表现出了良好的发光性能,染料泄漏与猝灭几乎为零,可以作为一种新型的高效率的生物标记材料。     

Optical Characterization of rf-Magnetron Sputtered Nanostructured SnO2 Thin Films

Tin oxide （Sn02 ） thin films are deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering and annealed at various temperatures in the range of 100-500 ℃ for 15 min. Raman spectra of the annealed films depict the formation of a small amount of SnO phase in the tetragonal Sn02 matrix, which is verified by x-ray diffraction. The average particle size is found to be about 20-30 nm, as calculated from x-ray peak broadening and SEM images. Various optical parameters such as optical band gap energy, refractive index, optical conductivity, carrier mobility, carrier concentration etc. are determined from the optical transmittance and reflectance data recorded in the wavelength range 250-2500 nm. The results are analyzed and compared with the data in the literature.     

膨润土-有机复合保水剂的制备及表征

以混合丙烯酸盐、膨润土、琼脂等为原料,利用微波辅助合成复合保水剂.通过XRD和IR表征复合保水剂的微观特征,研究膨润土用量、交联剂、中和度及琼脂添加量对吸水倍率的影响.结果表明：膨润土、琼脂与单体聚合良好.复合保水剂吸水倍率达588.6g/g,吸生理盐水倍率达112.8g/g.     

无机-高分子磁性复合粒子的制备与表征

详细地研究了乳化剂用量对种子乳液聚合反应的影响,并成功地制备出粒径约为３００的苯乙烯／丙烯酸共聚小球。另外,还报道使用化学共沉淀法使无机粒子与高分子球复合,制备出高分子球为核,无机粒子为壳层的磁性复合料子,使用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ等手段对此复合料子进行了表征。同时,进一步研究了这种复合粒子悬浮液的悬浮性能以及粘度随磁场的变化情况。     

高质量镍基超晶格薄膜的制备及表征

自发现镍基超导薄膜之后, 镍基材料体系已成为当前人们的研究热点. 而在相关报道中, 普遍认为高质量的镍基超导前驱体薄膜的制备对其拓扑还原后超导电性的实现具有重要影响. 前期研究表明高质量的前驱体薄膜只生长在SrTiO3 衬底附近, 这与我们的实验结果一致. 为了可控制备高质量的镍基超导前驱体薄膜, 本文利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD) 技术在SrTiO3 (001) 衬底上生长不同厚度的可层选择性还原的[SrTiO3 ]m/[ Nd0 .8Sr0 .2 NiO3 ]n[(STO)m/(NSNO)n ]超晶格薄膜. 采用反射高能电子衍射仪(RHEED) 及透射电子显微镜(STEM) 和 X 射线衍射(XRD) 技术对超晶格薄膜的结构进行原位检测及结构表征, 然后利用综合物性测量系统(PPMS) 测试薄膜的电磁输运性质. 结果表明, 超晶格薄膜的结构质量良好, 超晶格薄膜和高质量单层前驱体薄膜表现出类似的电阻和磁阻现象. 该研究为后续镍基超导薄膜的可重复制备提供了重要的参考.     

Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid ZnO/Ormosils Films

Hybrid ZnO/ormosils films are prepared by the sol-gel method. A FT-IR spectrometer, 900 UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer, atomic force microscope, and ellipsometer are employed to investigate microstructure and optical properties of the films fired at different temperatures. The results show that the films with high transmittance and low surface roughness could be obtained at the heat-treatment temperature of 150℃, the refractive index and thickness of the film are 1.413, 2.11μm, respectively. Higher temperatures （350℃, 550℃） change the film microstructure severely, and then decrease the transmittance of the films,     

Preparation and Characterization of SnS:Bi Thin Films

Thin films based on Sn-S compounds are currently of great interest because of their potential applications in optoelectronic devices including solar cells. In this work, SnS:Bi thin films are prepared using a novel procedure based on sulfurization of their metallic precursors, varying the Bi content. The effect of the synthesis conditions on the optical properties, phase, and chemical composition of the SnS:Bi thin films was studied through spectral transmittance, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was established from transmittance measurements that the optical gap of the deposited films varies between 1.27 and 1.37 eV depending on the Bi content. The analysis revealed that the SnS:Bi thin films grow with a mixture of several phases which include SnS, Sn₂S₃ SnS₂, and Bi₂S₃, depending on the Bi concentration. The studies also revealed that the conductivity type of the SnS:Bi films depends on the Bi content in the SnS lattice.     

Preparation and Characterization of Polypyrrole/Ferrospinel Nanocomposite by W/O Microemulsion Pathway

A polypyrrole/ferrospinel(NiFe₂O₄) nanocomposite was prepared by the in situ chemical oxidizing of pyrrole in the presence of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion. The structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the as-prepared polypyrrole/NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and magnetic measurements. XRD and FTIR revealed the presence of NiFe₂O₄ in the nanocomposite. SEM and TEM images illustrated that polypyrrole was coated on the NiFe₂O₄ surface. The electromagnetic parameters, such as conductivity, saturation magnetization, and coercivity of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles varied after coating with polypyrrole.     

Preparation and Characterization of Silicon-containing Polyarylacetylene/montmorilloite Nanocomposites

Dimethylphenylpropargyl ammonium bromide (DMPPAB) was synthesized and used to modify pristine montmorillonite (MMT) by a cation exchange process. The organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was verified and used to mix with a silicon-containing polyarylacetylene (PSA) as well as MMT. The PSA/MMT and PSA/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared by solution under sonication and melting intercalation processes, respectively, and then cured by a step heating process. The thermal and flexural properties of the cured PSA and nanocomposites were studied by thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that the intercalation of DMPPAB into the MMT galleries made the d-spacing enlarge. During PSA curing, the cure heat of PSA caused the MMT and OMMT to delaminate and exfoliate in the PSA matrix. The glass transition temperature of the cured PSA and nanocomposites were higher than 500?°C. The inner acetylenic groups in the PSA resin could further crosslink above 300?°C. The temperature at 5% mass loss of the cured PSA decreased by 4.6% with 3% mass fraction of OMMT loading, and the char yield of the cured PSA changed only slightly. The flexural strength of the cured PSA was augmented with addition of MMT or OMMT, but the flexural modulus of the cured PSA decreased slightly. The flexural strength of the cured nanocomposite increased from 20.1?MPa to 30.1?MPa when 3% mass fraction of OMMT was added into the PSA matrix.     

改进的SILAR法制备ZnO薄膜及其表征

采用一种改进的液相成膜技术——连续离子层吸附与反应(SILAR)法, 用锌氨络离子\[Zn(NH3)4\]2+ 溶液作为独立的前驱体溶液, 以载玻片为衬底, 在(125±5) ℃的温度下沉积出致密、 透明的ZnO薄膜。 分别用冷场发射型扫描电镜(FESEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了薄膜样品的表面形貌和结晶状态, 用紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis spectroscopy)研究了薄膜样品的发光性能。 结果表明: 获得样品为六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜材料沿\[002\]方向择优生长; 样品表面均匀、 致密, 厚度约为550 nm;在可见光波段具有高的透射率(＞80％)。 A modified solution method,successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction(SILAR),was applied to prepare transparent zinc oxide(ZnO) film on glass substrate at (125±5) ℃ in mixed ion precursor solution. The surface morphology and crystallizations of films were analyzed by field emission scanning microscopy(FESEM) and X ray diffraction(XRD), respectively. The optical properties of the films were studied by ultraviolet visible(UV Vis)spectroscopy. The results show that the obtained samples are polycrystalline films of hexagonal wurtzite structure,with the preference of [002\] orientation. The as deposited films exhibit uniform and compact surface morphology, with the film thickness of 550 nm, and have high transmittance in the visible band(＞80％).     

磷酸二氢钾插层改性高岭土复合物的制备与表征

实验制备了磷酸二氢钾插层改性高岭土用于新型复合阻燃材料。首先以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为前驱体,采用超声法制备了高岭土-二甲基亚砜(K-DMSO)插层物,再将醋酸钾(KAc)取代DMSO,制备预插层体高岭土-醋酸钾(K-KAc)。最后通过第三步插层取代法,将磷酸二氢钾(KDP)引入,制备了高岭土-磷酸二氢钾(K-KDP)插层复合物,产物的插层率达到81.3%。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对各步反应产物进行了表征。FTIR谱图显示,K-KDP在1 201 cm-1出现PO的振动峰;XRD显示各步插层反应中高岭土(001)晶面特征衍射峰依次向低角度方向移动,层间距相应从0.716 nm增加到1.59 nm;SEM显示插层后的高岭土粒子分散更为均匀。     

纳米复合氧化物LaMnO3的制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法、非晶态配位法三种不同的方法制备了纳米级的钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaMnO3,并通过XRD、FT-IR、ICP实验技术对所制备的系列纳米催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:3种不同的方法所制备的复合氧化物均形成了ABO3型钙钛矿型结构,都属于纳米颗粒,初步考察了制备条件对复合氧化微粒的形成结构的影响,非晶态配位法制备的LaMnO3平均粒度最小,溶胶-凝胶法制备的样品浓度最高。     

Nanoparticle Distribution in Three‐Layer Polymer–Nanoparticle Composite Films: Comparison of Experiment and Theory

The distribution of hydrophobic nanoparticles deposited on a hydrophilic polymer film is investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy before and after spin‐coating a polymer solution on the particle film and drying it at room temperature. Various polymers and solvents are used. To reach equilibrium, all investigated systems are annealed additionally above the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the polymers. The compatibility of the interacting components is estimated by calculating their surface energy, solubility, and mutual interaction parameters. The experimental results show a redistribution of the particles on both interfaces of the polymer film. This corresponds to the calculated immiscibility of particles and polymers. The distribution of the nanoparticles at the interfaces is related mainly to the vapor pressure of the solvent, that is, kinetic effects during spin‐coating. Only minor contributions result from surface energy, solubility, and interaction parameters.