The exponents of nonabelian tensor products of groups

We prove that the exponent of the nonabelian tensor product of two locally finite groups can be bounded in terms of exponents of given groups. Several estimates for the exponents of nonabelian tensor squares are obtained. In particular, if the group G is nilpotent of class ≤3 and of finite exponent, then the exponent of its nonabelian tensor square divides the exponent of G.     

H 2 q (T,G,∂) and q-perfect Crossed Modules

We introduce for a crossed module (T,G,) an invariant H ₂ ^q (T,G,) (q being a nonnegative integer) that generalizes the second Eilenberg–MacLane homology group with coefficients in Z _q . We give for a q-perfect crossed module, the universal q-central extension via the non-abelian tensor product modulo q of two crossed modules, whose kernel is the mentioned invariant.     

On the nonabelian tensor square and capability of groups of order <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>

A group G is said to be capable if it is isomorphic to the central factor group H/Z(H) for some group H. Let G be a nonabelian group of order p ² q for distinct primes p and q. In this paper, we compute the nonabelian tensor square of the group G. It is also shown that G is capable if and only if either Z(G) = 1 or p < q and G^ab=\mathbbZ_p×\mathbbZ_p{G^{\rm ab}=\mathbb{Z}_{p}\times\mathbb{Z}_{p}} .     

NILPOTENT GROUPS AND ABELIANIZATION

We study the question of what properties of nilpotent groups are shared by their abelianizations. We identify two such properties—that of being a π-torsion group, where π is a family of primes, and that of having q^th roots, for some prime q. We use these properties to provide simplified proofs of the following theorems in the localization of nilpotent groups.

Let H, K be subgroups of the nilpotent group N and let P be a family of primes. Then [H, K] P = [H_P, K_p]

Let the group G act on the nilpotent group N. Then G acts compatibly on N_p and (Γ^G _i N)_P = Γ^G _i(N_p).

The second theorem above is then applied to the study of the localization of relative groups, in the sense of [4].     

Finite 2-groups with a nonabelian Frattini subgroup of order 16

According to a classical result of Burnside, if G is a finite 2-group, then the Frattini subgroup Φ(G) of G cannot be a nonabelian group of order 8. Here we study the next possible case, where G is a finite 2-group and Φ(G) is nonabelian of order 16. We show that in that case Φ(G) ≅ M × C₂, where M ≅ D₈ or M ≅ Q₈ and we shall classify all such groups G (Theorem A). Received: 16 February 2005; revised: 7 March 2005     

Verifying Huppert’s Conjecture for PSp<Subscript>4</Subscript>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>) when <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis> > 7

Let G denote a finite group and cd (G) the set of irreducible character degrees of G. Bertram Huppert conjectured that if H is a finite nonabelian simple group such that cd (G) = cd (H), then G ≅ H × A, where A is an abelian group. Huppert verified the conjecture for PSp₄(q) when q = 3, 4, 5, or 7. In this paper, we extend Huppert’s results and verify the conjecture for PSp₄(q) for all q. This demonstrates progress toward the goal of verifying the conjecture for all nonabelian simple groups of Lie type of rank two.     

Galois groups ofp-extensions with two ramification points

LetK _p (p, q) be the maximalp-extension of the field ℚ of rational numbers with ramification pointsp andq. LetG _p (p, q) be the Galois group of the extensionK _p(p.q)/ℚ. It is known thatG _p(p, q) can be presented by two generators which satisfy a single relation. The form of this relation is known only modulo the second member of the descending central series ofG _p(p, q). In this paper, we find an arithmetical-type condition on which the form of the relation modulo the third member of the descending central series ofG _p(p, q) depends. We also consider two examples withp=3,q=19 andp=3,q=37. Translated from Lietuvos Matematikos Rinkinys, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 48–60, January–March, 2000. Translated by H. Markšaitis     

Finitely generated varieties of distributive double <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-algebras universal modulo a group

For any monoid M, any universal variety contains arbitrarily large algebras whose endomorphism monoid is isomorphic to M. A variety universal modulo a group G contains arbitrarily large algebras whose endomorphism monoid is isomorphic to the direct product M x G. One of the results of this paper structurally characterizes all finitely generated varieties of distributive double p-algebras universal modulo a group, and shows that any unavoidable direct factor G is a Boolean group with at most eight elements.     

On the tensor rank of the multiplication in the finite fields

First, we prove the existence of certain types of non-special divisors of degree g−1 in the algebraic function fields of genus g defined over Fq. Then, it enables us to obtain upper bounds of the tensor rank of the multiplication in any extension of quadratic finite fields Fq by using Shimura and modular curves defined over Fq. From the preceding results, we obtain upper bounds of the tensor rank of the multiplication in any extension of certain non-quadratic finite fields Fq, notably in the case of F₂. These upper bounds attain the best asymptotic upper bounds of Shparlinski-Tsfasman-Vladut [I.E. Shparlinski, M.A. Tsfasman, S.G. Vladut, Curves with many points and multiplication in finite fields, in: Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 1518, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992, pp. 145-169].     

A constructive approach to Noether's problem

A general method is developed to attack Noether's Problem constructively by trying to find minimal bases consisting of rational invariants which are quotients of polynomials of small degrees. This approach turns out to be successful for many small groups and for most of the classical groups with their natural representations. The applications include affirmative answers to Noether's Problem for the conformal symplectic groups CSp _2n (q), for the simple subgroups Ω _n (q) of the orthogonal groups forn andq odd, for some other subgroups of orthogonal groups and for the special unitary groups SU _n (q ²). The author was supported by the Graduate College “Modelling and Scientific Computing in Mathematics and Science” during this work     

Verifying Huppert’s Conjecture for <Superscript>2</Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript>)

Let G be a finite group and cd(G) be the set of irreducible character degrees of G. Bertram Huppert conjectured that if H is a finite nonabelian simple group such that cd(G) = cd(H), then G ≅ H×A, where A is an abelian group. In this paper, we verify the conjecture for the twisted Ree groups ² G ₂(q ²) for q ² = 3^2m + 1, m ≥ 1. The argument involves verifying five steps outlined by Huppert in his arguments establishing his conjecture for many of the nonabelian simple groups.     

On R*-sequenceability and symmetric harmoniousness of groups

We introduce a special harmoniousness called symmetric harmoniousness of groups and extend the R^*-sequenceability of abelian groups to nonabelian groups. We prove that the direct product of an R^*-sequenceable group of even order with a symmetric harmonious group of odd order is R^*-sequenceable. Examples of nonabelian R^*-sequenceable groups and nonabelian symmetric harmonious groups are given. It is shown that the nonabelian groups of order 3q (q prime) are symmetric harmonious. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Equivariant homology and cohomology of groups

We provide and study an equivariant theory of group (co)homology of a group G with coefficients in a Γ-equivariant G-module A, when a separate group Γ acts on G and A, generalizing the classical Eilenberg-MacLane (co)homology theory of groups. Relationship with equivariant cohomology of topological spaces is established and application to algebraic K-theory is given.     

A tensor product of the Steinberg module and a certain simple kG(pr)-module

Let G be a connected, semisimple, and simply connected algebraic group defined and split over the finite field of order p, and let G(q) be the corresponding finite Chevalley or twisted group, where q = p^r. Recently, Anwar determines the direct sum decomposition of the tensor product of the rth Steinberg module and a simple G-module with a (p,r)-minuscule highest weight λ. In this paper, we determine that of the tensor product regarded as a module for G(q) under some weak assumptions for λ.     

Abelian groups with a vanishing homology group

An abelian group A is called absolutely abelian, if in every central extension N ? G ? A the group G is also abelian. The abelian group A is absolutely abelian precisely when the Schur multiplicator H₂A vanished. These groups, and more generally groups with H_nA = 0 for some n, are characterized by elementary internal properties. (Here H₁A denotes the integral homology of A.) The cases of even n and odd n behave strikingly different. There are 2^?ο different isomorphism types of abelian groups A with reduced torsion subgroup satisfying H_2nA = 0. The major tools are direct limit arguments and the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre (L-H-S) spectral sequence, but the treatment of absolutely abelian groups does not use spectral sequences. All differentials d^r for r ≥ 2 in the L-H-S spectral sequence of a pure abelian extension vanish. Included is a proof of the folklore theorem, that homology of groups commutes with direct limits also in the group variable, and a discussion of the L-H-S spectral sequence for direct limits.     

A theorem,like f⊘lner’s theorem on amenability,concerning residual properties of free groups

Let PL(F _q) denote the projective line over a Galois field F _q. Consider PSL (2, Z ) as a free product of two cyclic groups <x> and <y> of orders 2 and 3. We have shown that any homomorphism from PSL(2,Z) into PGL(2,q) can be extended to a homomorphism from PGL(2Z) into PGL(2q) except in the case where the order of the image of xyis 6 but the images of xand ydo not commute in PGL(2q). It has been shown also that every element in PGL(2,q), not of order 1,2 , or 6, is the image of xyunder some non-degenerate homomorphism. We have parametrized the conjugacy classes of non-degenerate homomorphisms α with the non-trivial elements of F _q. Due to this parametrization we have developed a useful mechanism by which one can construct.

a unique coset diagram (attributed to G. Higman) for each conjugacy class, depicting the action of PGL(2Z) on PL( F _q).     

Integral Schur algebras forGL 2

The structure of Schur algebrasS(2,r) over the integral domainZ is intensively studied from the quasi-hereditary algebra point of view. We introduce certain new bases forS(2,r) and show that the Schur algebraS(2,r) modulo any ideal in the defining sequence is still such a Schur algebra of lower degree inr. A Wedderburn-Artin decomposition ofS _K (2,r) over a fieldK of characteristic 0 is described. Finally, we investigate the extension groups between two Weyl modules and classify the indecomposable Weyl-filtered modules for the Schur algebrasS _Zp(2,r) withr<p ² . Research supported by ARC Large Grant L20.24210     

On the q -Convolution on the Line

The investigation of a q -analogue of the convolution on the line, started in conjunction with Koornwinder, is continued, with special attention to the approximation of functions by means of the convolution. A new space of functions that forms an increasing chain of algebras (with respect to the q -convolution), depending on a parameter s>0 , is constructed. For a special value of the parameter the corresponding algebra is commutative and unital, and is shown to be the quotient of an algebra studied in a previous paper modulo the kernel of a q -analogue of the Fourier transform. This result has an analytic interpretation in terms of analytic functions, whose q -moments have a (fast) decreasing behavior and allows the extension of Koornwinder's inversion formula for the q -Fourier transform. A few results on the invertibility of functions with respect to the q -convolution are also obtained and they are applied to the solution of certain simple linear q -difference equations with polynomial coefficients.