Single-mode Raman fiber laser based on a multimode fiber

Single-mode operation of a Raman fiber laser based on a multimode fiber has been demonstrated for what is to our knowledge the first time. Single-mode operation was achieved through the beam cleanup effect of stimulated Raman scattering in multimode fibers. The Raman laser, consisting of a 50-microm-core multimode fiber and a multimode Nd:YAG laser pump, produced an output beam corresponding to the fundamental mode of the fiber.     

利用Kagome光纤实现多芯光子晶体光纤的输出合束

多芯光纤的输出光束只能在远场和焦点附近实现良好的同相位超模合束,这种超模传输特性大大影响了多芯光纤的应用范围.一种新型中空Kagome光纤为解决这一难题提供了可行的方案,利用中空Kagome光纤可以实现七芯光纤输出模式的整形合束.本文利用中心波长800 nm的钛宝石飞秒激光作为激光源,耦合入七芯非线性光子晶体光纤,得到700 nm至1050 nm的展宽光谱,并实现同相位超模输出.随后,将非线性展宽之后的宽谱七芯光束耦合至Kagome光子晶体光纤中,从Kagome光纤输出光斑呈高斯分布的模式传输,不再演变回七芯模式,耦合效率71%.实验还进一步验证此方法适用于不同结构的多芯光纤,为多芯光纤在高功率激光等领域的应用提供了参考.     

Photonic crystal fiber for fundamental mode operation of multicore fiber lasers and amplifiers

A mode-selection method based on a single-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in the multicore fiber (MCF) lasers is presented. The designed PCF has a central core region formed by a missing air-hole, and three air-hole rings. With an appropriate choice of the design parameters of the PCF, the power coupling between the fundamental mode (FM) of the PCF and the fundamental MCF mode can be much higher than those between the FM and the other supermodes. As a result, the fundamental MCF mode has the maximum power reflection coefficient on the right-hand side of the MCF laser cavity, and dominates the output laser power. Since the maximum power of the fundamental MCF mode will lead to the desired laser beam profile, higher the fraction of the fundamental MCF mode power contained in the total output power contributes to higher beam quality. The numerical simulations show that the effectiveness of the fundamental MCF mode-selection is higher in the MCF lasers with the PCF as a mode-selection component than in the MCF lasers based on the free-space Talbot cavity method. Additionally, for the MCF amplifiers, an approach is presented to decrease the sensitivity of the amplifier performance to the variation of Gaussian beam waist utilizing the coupling between the Gaussian beam and the FM of the PCF. The numerical results show that this method can effectively increase the design flexibility for a broad range of the Gaussian beam waist.     

Beam quality factor for coherently combined fiber laser beams

The beam quality factor for a coherently combined beam is studied in detail. A theoretical analysis and a numerical calculation are given to illustrate that the M² factor is not a proper means for evaluating the beam quality of a coherently combined beam. The beam propagation factor is introduced to evaluate the beam quality. The effect of phase error on the beam quality is also studied. Results indicate that the beam quality of a coherently combined beam depends mainly on the fill factor of the laser array and not on the number of lasers. It is also revealed that the allowed phase error does not change with the number of lasers in order to ensure the energy encircled in a certain bucket.     

国产纺锤形渐变掺镱光纤实现6 kW宽谱激光输出

高功率高光束质量光纤激光器在工业加工等领域有着广泛的应用,然而光纤中的非线性效应和模式不稳定效应限制着高光束质量光纤激光器的功率提升,采用新型结构大模场增益光纤在同时抑制非线性效应和模式不稳定效应方面具有较大潜力。报道了基于单位自研的纺锤形渐变掺镱光纤激光成功实现6 kW功率、高光束质量激光输出。激光器采用主振荡功率放大结构,放大级采用双向981 nm泵浦纺锤形渐变掺镱光纤,在总泵浦功率为7.68 kW时,输出功率达到6.02 kW,光束质量M2因子约为1.9。通过进一步优化纺锤形掺镱光纤制作工艺及结构参数,有望实现更高功率、近单模光束质量的光纤激光输出。     

Switchable dual-wavelength Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with cascaded fiber Bragg gratings

We have experimentally shown wavelength mode switching in a dual-wavelength Erbium-doped single cavity fiber laser where the initial two wavelengths of 1 nm spacing are determined by the cascaded reflection type short-period fiber Bragg gratings having two different centre wavelengths of 1550.5 and 1551.5 nm. The lasing mode depends on the polarization in the ring cavity to migrate from one wavelength to another or operates in both modes in a polarization beam splitter output. To effectively control the polarization in the ring cavity, the polarization controllers were positioned before and after the polarization beam splitter. This method of wavelength switching provides a simple way of mode tuning in dual-wavelength fiber lasers.     

Generation of a hollow laser beam by a multimode fiber

A simple method to generate a hollow laser beam by multimode fiber is reported. A dark hollow laser beam is generated from a multimode fiber and the dependence of the output beam profile on the incident angle of laser beam is analyzed. The results show that this hollow laser beam can be used to trap and guide cold atoms.     

High-power Yb-doped multicore ribbon fiber laser

A highly elongated double-clad ribbon fiber that comprises a pure-silica inner cladding with transverse dimensions of approximately 1.4 mm by 0.23 mm with a linear array of ten ytterbium-doped cores has been fabricated and operated in a simple laser configuration pumped by two diode stacks. The fiber laser yielded 320 W of output power at a center wavelength of 1045 nm in a combined beam with beam propagation factors of approximately 2 (perpendicular to the array) and approximately 150 (parallel to the array) for 576 W of launched pump power. The slope efficiency with respect to absorbed pump power was 62%. The prospects for further power scaling and improved beam quality and efficiency are discussed.     

Frequency modulation controlled by cross-phase modulation in optical fiber

We have generated a frequency-modulated laser beam by use of cross-phase modulation between orthogonally polarized beams in a polarization-preserving optical fiber. This frequency modulation is based on the temporal intensity beating of the drive beam that is caused by another beam that has a slightly different wavelength. Moreover, we have demonstrated generation of a special frequency-modulated laser beam with temporally changing modulation frequency by use of cross-phase modulation in conjugation with self-phase modulation.     

Self-grown fiber fabrication by two-photon photopolymerization

We demonstrate a new fiber growth mechanism in a photocurable resin by ultrafast laser illumination. A high-repetition rate (∼1 MHz) ultrafast laser beam at the wavelength of ∼523 nm was focused into an ultraviolet photocurable resin to trigger two-photon photopolymerization process. Time-resolved shadowgraphs and scattered light imaging revealed that the curing commenced in the neighborhood of the geometric focal point of the laser beam and that the fiber growth progressed mostly towards the laser source. The cured fiber was thinner and longer than the profile of the focused laser beam, facilitated by nonlinear propagation and absorption of the ultra-fast laser beam. The achieved aspect ratio of the fiber was higher than 180 with ∼10 μm mean diameter, and the average growth rate was up to ∼2 mm/s.     

光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder(MZ)干涉仪系统的结构.给出了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统中信号光与参考光的干涉原理以及影响干涉光强的因素.同时也分析了光纤耦合器的交叉耦合,另外也给出了PZT的作用.阐述了光纤偏振控制器的结构、工作原理及其对光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统传感臂偏振态的控制,最后给出了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统的应用.     

1 MV紧凑型重频Marx发生器绝缘设计和数值分析

通过分析六氟化硫气体在静态高电压和脉冲高电压作用下的绝缘特性对Marx模块式开关结构和外筒尺寸进行了优化设计,着重优化设计了Marx发生器中的两个关键绝缘部位——开关腔体结构和外金属筒与顶部电容绝缘距离,并通过数值模拟计算,分析了该区域的局部3维电场强度分布。结果表明:最大场强均小于六氟化硫的沿面闪络和电击穿场强阈值。对模块式开关腔和外筒尺寸进行优化得到的绝缘结构满足0.3 MPa下六氟化硫的绝缘要求。     

Airy光纤:基于阵列波导耦合的光场调控方法

近年来,Airy光束作为一种无衍射光束,其特性引起了研究者的广泛关注,人们对它的理论研究、实验验证、实际应用多个方面都取得了长足的进步.而Airy光纤作为一种可生成Airy光束的波导器件,结合其光纤自身优点可适用于多种应用领域,因此开展新型Airy光纤的探索研究、拓展Airy光束的应用范围具有重要现实意义.本文从Airy光束的原理、光纤结构设计、光纤内部光束生成机理、生成光束波长响应特性以及Airy光纤研究现状和应用五个方面展开了较系统的讨论.     

基于衍射光学元件的激光相干合成研究进展

从衍射光学元件的基本原理出发,围绕连续波和脉冲波两大应用领域,综述了国内外基于衍射光学元件实现共孔径相干合成的研究进展。在国内,上海光学精密机械研究所分别实现了连续光和脉冲光的合成,连续光实现了206 W的输出功率,光束质量1.38,合束效率29.6%;脉冲光实现了峰值功率1.02 kW,重复频率2.2 MHz的ns级脉冲相干合成光束,合束效率61%。在国外,连续光方面实现了5 kW量级的合成光输出,合束效率82%;脉冲光方面实现了平均功率150 mW,重复频率100 MHz的fs级脉冲相干合成光束,合束效率83.4%。最后对基于衍射光学元件的激光相干合成技术的未来发展做出了展望,相信在不久的将来,基于衍射光学元件的相干合成技术会不断发展,逐渐突破技术瓶颈,从而为更多的应用领域奠定坚实基础。     

Beam cleanup in a self-aligned gradient-index Brillouin cavity for high-power multimode fiber amplifiers

We propose a beam cleanup setup to convert a multimode beam into a single-mode beam by use of the Brillouin effect in a multimode gradient-index (GI) fiber. Phase conjugation and beam cleanup regimes in highly multimode fibers are discussed, and the self-aligned GI fiber Brillouin cavity is presented. We report a preliminary conversion from an M2=6.5 beam into an M2=1.3 beam with 31% efficiency.     

锥台光纤的功率转换效率研究

 锥台光纤在激光束到单模光纤以及多模光纤到单模光纤的耦合中,在一些需要质量很高光束的同时有较高功率要求的场合有广泛应用。在这些应用中,锥台光纤的功率转换效率是很重要的一个参数。介绍了锥台光纤的熔拉研磨制作方法,分析了锥台光纤的传输特性。建立了高斯近似模型,采用模场耦合理论,计算了锥台光纤的功率转换效率。在以下参数条件下对细端半径分别为（4±1）μm,(5±1)μm,(6±1)μm,(7±1)μm和(8±1)μm的锥台光纤的功率转换效率进行了实验测定,激光器输出光波长532 nm;多模光纤NA＝0.11,纤芯半径a=12.5 μm;得到了与理论计算吻合的结果。     

Generation of spirally polarized propagation-invariant beam using fiber microaxicon

We present here a fiber microaxicon (MA)based method to generate spirally polarized propagation-invariant optical beam. MA chemically etched in the tip of a two-mode fiber efficiently converts the generic cylindrically polarized vortex fiber mode into a spirally polarized propagation-invariant (Bessel-type) beam via radial dependence of polarization rotation angle. The combined roles of helico-conical phase and nonparaxial propagation in the generation and characteristics of the output beam from the fiber MA are discussed.     

Estimation of coupling efficiency of optical fiber by far-field method

Coupling efficiency to a single-mode optical fiber can be estimated with the field amplitudes at far-field of an incident beam and optical fiber mode. We call it the calculation by far-field method (FFM) in this paper. The coupling efficiency by FFM is formulated including effects of optical aberrations, vignetting of the incident beam, and misalignments of the optical fiber such as defocus, lateral displacements, and angle deviation in arrangement of the fiber. As the results, it is shown the coupling efficiency is proportional to the central intensity of the focused spot, i.e., Strehl intensity of a virtual beam determined by the incident beam and mode of the optical fiber. Using the FFM, a typical optics in which a laser beam is coupled to an optical fiber with a lens of finite numerical aperture (NA) is analyzed for several cases of amplitude distributions of the incident light.     

Spiral morphology-dependent resonances in an optical fiber: effects of fiber tilt and focused Gaussian beam illumination

Spiral morphology-dependent resonances have been observed in a tilted optical fiber. The polarization-preserving and the cross-polarized elastic-scattering spectra for plane-wave illumination show that the wavelengths of the resonances are blueshifted quadratically as the fiber tilt angle increases. When a focused Gaussian beam illuminates the fiber at its edge, the resonances are blueshifted and broadened as the detector is offset from the scattering plane with the maximum scattering intensity. The blueshift with focused beam illumination is also a consequence of the spiral resonances.     

Wavelength beam combining of ytterbium fiber lasers

Wavelength beam combining of five ytterbium fiber lasers is demonstrated in a master-oscillator power-amplifier configuration at combined powers up to 6 W. The combined beam profile has an M2 value of 1.14, which is equal to that of an individual fiber. Beam steering in one dimension over 140 resolvable spots is also demonstrated.