多路气体自动进样器的研制

研制了一种新型的多路气体自动进样器,可与气相色谱联机,用于钢瓶中气体组分的定性、定量分析,最多可同时分析16个钢瓶气体样品。通过对色谱工作站参数的设定,可自动调整钢瓶气体的进样顺序、进样次数和进样时间。实验表明,与手动进样方式相比,气体自动进样器的应用可显著提高色谱分析的重复性、稳定性,以及气体分析的工作效率和分析精确度。     

最新安捷伦1100系列微盘液相系统提供快速样品分析的完整方案

安捷伦公司最新推出的1100系列微盘液相系统,在高效液相色谱系统上配以微盘进样装置和快速样品分析系统,将分析效率提高近10倍,且保持较短的保留时间和优异的分析精度。该系统在Agilent1100系列高效液相色谱基础上,配以最新Agilent1100系列微盘自动进样器。进样系统具有最大的灵活性和快速进样的循环方式。进样速率与标准1100系列自动进样器同样高。多重进样功能允许用户在一个样品正在分析的同时,准备另一个样品。多种样品盘包括384位微量托盘和深孔盘,可供用户灵活选择,一次完成700多个样品分析。对热不稳定样品还可选用温控组件。该系统…     

场强放大样品进样-毛细管电泳技术对中药制剂中苯甲酸与山梨酸的测定

利用场强放大样品进样-高效毛细管电泳分离技术测定中药口服制剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的含量。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管柱(50.2 cm×75μm,有效长度40 cm),以pH 9.5的50 mmol/L硼砂为运行缓冲液,柱温25℃,分离电压20 kV,PAD检测,检测波长228 nm。阳极进样,进样前压力进水3.45 kPa×5 s,电动进样-10 kV×3 s。在最佳富集条件下,苯甲酸和山梨酸的富集倍数(以峰面积计)可达259.7和231.9倍;在0.5~20.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数高于0.995,检出限分别为0.67、0.53μg/L。将此方法用于两种液体中药制剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的测定,苯甲酸的回收率为98%~103%,山梨酸的回收率为100%~101%。该法简单快速、准确可靠、灵敏度高、无需复杂仪器,为液体中药制剂中防腐剂的含量控制提供了新的检测方法。     

通过柱切换技术与高效液相色谱联用的限进性柱对盐酸贝那普利的在线富集性能

以自制的限进性填料柱为预处理富集柱,Luna C₁₈柱为分析柱,通过柱切换技术将限进性填料柱与高效液相色谱联用(RAM-HPLC),研究了盐酸贝那普利的在线富集效果。考察了进样体积与峰面积、系统总压力的关系,以及常规进样与大体积进样的差别。当进样体积在100 μL以内时,峰面积随进样体积的增加而增加;当进样体积大于80 μL时,系统总压力变化明显。考虑对整个系统的保护,选择80 μL作为最大进样体积。同一浓度的样品进样20 μL与进样80 μL所得峰面积之间的线性关系良好。RAM柱对盐酸贝那普利具有良好的富集作用,能够有效提高HPLC的灵敏度,而且具有简单、经济的特点。     

全自动红外测油仪的研制

研制新型全自动红外测油仪。通过对进样系统、萃取系统、吸附过滤系统和检测系统自动化和集成化设计,实现了对水中油分的全自动检测。仪器的测量范围为0～200 mg/L。自动进样器取样体积误差在1%以内,仪器示值误差在样品浓度不大于10 mg/L时为0.1 mg/L,样品浓度大于10 mg/L时为0.9%,仪器重复性为0.2%(n=6),零点漂移为–0.1 mg/L,示值漂移为0.6%,最小检出浓度为0.1 mg/L,两种水样测量结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.28%和0.91%(n=11),加标回收率分别为96.8%和96.1%,检出限为0.006 mg/L。该仪器测量准确,性能稳定,能够降低工作强度,提高工作效率,减少有机物危害,为环境监测提供有效保障。     

芯片纳流动注射-等离子体质谱测定血浆中的铂

本研究基于微芯片设计了一个纳流动注射系统。将样品装载到芯片的采样通道,通过八通阀的阀位切换实现纳升试样带注射到等离子体质谱。注射体积取决于采样通道的尺寸,5～25 mm长的采样通道引入试样体积为40～200 nL。此纳流动注射系统具有试样消耗低、进样精度高(优于3.0%)、进样死体积极低(接近零)和加工简便等优点。芯片纳流动注射系统的进样量和载流流速分别为200 nL和20!L/min,可获得峰高最强、峰宽较窄的瞬时信号峰。最佳条件下纳流动注射系统的绝对检出限为2.54 fg,比常规进样系统改善了3244倍,样品通量48 h"1。10次测定20!g/L Pt标准溶液和血浆样品S1的精密度分别为1.5%和2.7%。采用纳流动注射系统和常规进样系统测定的6个血浆中Pt含量一致,加标回收率为94.3%～103.0%,表明前者具有很好的准确性。     

负压进样-气相色谱法测定氢气体系中痕量气体组分北大核心CSCD

以氢气体系样品为研究对象,采用负压进样方式,分析样品前,对整个进样管道进行吹扫清洗3次,再抽真空。以阀进样方式调节样品的进样压力,采用附氦离子化检测器气相色谱法测定其中氧气、氮气、一氧化碳、甲烷的含量。结果表明,进样压力在10 100~101 225 Pa内与各气体组分对应的峰面积呈线性关系,4种气体组分的检出限(3S/N)依次为4.0,3.8,5.2,3.6 nmol·mol^(-1)。对一组混合标准气体平行测定6次,其峰面积的相对标准偏差为0.011%~0.72%。对另一组混合标准气体进行测定,测定值与已知值相符。此外,负压进样方式的样品用量仅为常(正)压进样的1/4 200,测定过程总耗时仅为常(正)压进样方式的1/3。     

大体积进样–Ag柱除氯–离子色谱法测定水中溴酸盐

建立以大体积进样(250μL)–离子色谱测定水中溴酸盐(BrO_3~–)的方法。采用Ag柱离线去除样品中大量Cl~–以消除Cl~–干扰,同时保证痕量溴酸盐未沉淀,过滤后直接进样测定。BrO_3~–的质量浓度在2.0~25.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 2,方法检出限为0.8μg/L。自来水和矿泉水样品3浓度水平加标回收率为85.0%~101.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.6%~12.9%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,满足分析测试的要求。     

流动注射-毛细管电泳分流式电动进样歧视效应特征的研究

以碱性药物盐酸伪麻黄碱和酸性药物布洛芬为对象研究了分流式电动进样(一种用于流动注射-毛细管电泳(FI-CE)联用系统的新进样方法)歧视效应的特性。结果发现:在样品介质与运行缓冲液一致的条件下,FI-CE分流式电动进样产生的歧视效应与电动进样相似,但获得的校正曲线的线性明显优于电动进样,而与没有歧视效应的压力进样所获得的线性相似。利用这些特征提高了同时测定复方布洛芬片中少量组分盐酸伪麻黄碱和主要组分布洛芬的分析性能。在24次/h的采样频率下,盐酸伪麻黄碱的检测限为0.7 mg/L,比采用压力进样的毛细管电泳法所得的检测限低30%。连续进样11次分析含有13.1 mg/L盐酸伪麻黄碱和81.4 mg/L布洛芬的试样溶液,峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为2.8%(盐酸伪麻黄碱)和1.2%(布洛芬),明显优于采用压力进样的毛细管电泳法。用该法测定了两批复方布洛芬片中两种组分的含量,所得结果与高效液相色谱法的测定结果一致。     

在线富集毛细管区带电泳分离测定氯胺酮与去甲氯胺酮

采用场放大样品堆积进样技术与毛细管区带电泳相结合,在优化了进样与分离检测条件后,建立了一种检测氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的毛细管区带电泳方法。方法于进样前先在3447.38 Pa压力下进10 s的纯水,然后在同样压力下进样5s,再以含15%(V/V)乙腈的45 mmol/L Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲溶液(p H 6.24)为运行电解质进行分离。在此条件下,氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮可在6min内被快速检测,检测的线性范围分别为0.5~60.0μg/m L和0.25~25.0μg/m L。将该方法用于加标尿液和血液样品中这两种成分的分离分析,回收率在90%~110%之间。     

Separation/preconcentration and determination of cadmium ions by solidification of floating organic drop microextraction and FI-AAS

A simple and selective method for the separation and preconcentration of cadmium in water samples based on solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) was developed. The cadmium ion in aqueous solution was converted to CdI₄²⁻ and was then extracted with 160 μL of 1-undecanol containing cationic surfactant of methyltrioctylammonium chloride (0.2 mol/L). When the extraction was completed, the sample vial was cooled in an ice bath for 5 min. The solidified extract was transferred into a conical vial where it melted immediately. It was then diluted to 250 μL upon addition of ethanol, and 100 μL of it was analyzed by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-FAAS).Factors that influence the extraction and ion pair formation, such as pH, concentration of iodide and methyltrioctylammonium chloride, extraction time, sample volume, and ionic strength were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a preconcentration factor of 640, detection limit of 0.0079 μg/L and good relative standard deviation of ±5.4% at 5 μg/L were obtained. The procedure was applied to tap water, well water, and sea water; and accuracy was assessed through recovery experiment and independent analysis by graphite atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracy was also evaluated through analyses of certified reference ore.     

高效液相色谱法测定烤肉中的苯并(a)芘

建立了测定烤肉中苯并(α)芘含量的高效液相色谱法。采用CNW~Athena C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇–水(90∶10),流量为1.0 m L/min,柱温为35℃,进样体积为10μL,荧光检测器激发波长为365 nm,发射波长为410 nm,以色谱峰面积标准曲线法定量。苯并(α)芘的质量浓度在0~0.2μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 5,检出限为0.07μg/kg,加标回收率为91.3%~92.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.21%~1.40%(n=5)。该法样品预处理简便,检测时间短,灵敏度高,适用于烤肉中苯并(α)芘的含量测定。     

Conditions for the optimal analysis of volatile organic compounds in air with sorbent tube sampling and liquid standard calibration: demonstration of solvent effect

The combined use of sorbent tubes (ST) and thermal desorption (TD) has become the common practice for the trace-level analysis of gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this research, the potential bias in VOC analysis due to the solvent introduced into the system as a liquid standard (LS) is examined in three stages by analyzing LSs of 19 VOCs in methanol solvent against a three-bed ST (Tenax TA, Carbopack B, and Carboxen 1000). In experimental stage 1, LS made at four concentration levels (between 10 and 150 ng μL^?1) were each analyzed at four injection volumes (1, 2, 5, and 10 μL) based on a vaporization method. In experimental stage 2, calibration was also conducted by direct injection over an extended concentration range at two volumes, 1 and 10 μL. In experimental stage 3, the response factors (RF) of a single analyte mass were compared across the four injection volumes and between two injection methods. These results were analyzed to explore the complex relationship between variables such as LS volume, target/solvent chemical type, sorbent strength, and prepurge condition. There was no change in the ST/TD performance up to 2 μL of LS. However, as the injection volume increased up to 5 μL, a notable shift in RF and retention time occurred (e.g., for benzene and methyl ethyl ketone). At the maximum injection volume (10 μL), a significant reduction in sensitivity is evident for all compounds, e.g., 50 % drops relative to 1 μL injection. As such, the TD performance tends to deteriorate with increasing volume of methanol initially loaded on the ST. Although the dominant fraction of solvent was removed by two prepurge steps, residue caught in the strong sorbent fraction is still found to exert an effect on the subsequent analysis, e.g., delayed retention, sensitivity reduction, or disappearance of certain compounds.     

The fundamental properties of the direct injection method in the analysis of gaseous reduced sulfur by gas chromatography with a pulsed flame photometric detector

In this study, the fundamental aspects of gas chromatography with a pulsed flame photometric detector were investigated through the calibration of gaseous reduced sulfur compounds based on the direct injection method. Gaseous standards of five reduced sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methane thiol, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and dimethyl disulfide) were calibrated as a function of injection volume and concentration level. The results were evaluated by means of two contrasting calibration approaches: fixed standard concentration method (variable volumetric injection of standard gases prepared at a given concentration) and fixed standard volume method (injection of multiple standards with varying concentrations at a given volume). The optimum detection limit values of reduced sulfur compounds, when estimated at 100 μL of injection volume, ranged from 2.37 pg (carbon disulfide) to 4.89 pg (dimethyl sulfide). Although these detection limit values improved gradually with decreasing injection volume, the minimum detectable concentration (e.g., in nmol mol⁻¹ scale) remained constant due to a balance by the sample volume reduction. The linearity property of pulsed flame photometric detector also appeared to vary dynamically with changes in its sensitivity. According to this study, the performance of pulsed flame photometric detector, when tested by direct injection method, is highly reliable to precisely describe the behavior of reduced sulfur compounds above ∼20 nmol mol⁻¹.     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples by microwave assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection

The novel pretreatment technique, microwave-assisted heating coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) has been studied for one-step in situ sample preparation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous samples before gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The PAHs evaporated into headspace with the water by microwave irradiation, and absorbed directly on a SPME fiber in the headspace. After being desorbed from the SPME fiber in the GC injection port, PAHs were analyzed by GC/FID. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as SPME fiber coating, adsorption temperature, microwave power and irradiation time, and desorption conditions were investigated.Experimental results indicated that extraction of 20 mL aqueous sample containing PAHs at optional pH, by microwave irradiation with effective power 145 W for 30 min (the same as the extraction time), and collection with a 65 μm PDMS/DVB fiber at 20 °C circular cooling water to control sampling temperature, resulted in the best extraction efficiency. Optimum desorption of PAHs from the SPME fiber in the GC hot injection port was achieved at 290 °C for 5 min. The method was developed using spiked water sample such as field water with a range of 0.1-200 μg/L PAHs. Detection limits varied from 0.03 to 1.0 μg/L for different PAHs based on S/N = 3 and the relative standard deviations for repeatability were <13%. A real sample was collected from the scrubber water of an incineration system. PAHs of two to three rings were measured with concentrations varied from 0.35 to 7.53 μg/L. Recovery was more than 88% and R.S.D. was less than 17%. The proposed method is a simple, rapid, and organic solvent-free procedure for determination of PAHs in wastewater.     

新疆紫草的毛细管电泳指纹图谱研究

建立了基于毛细管电泳技术的新疆紫草指纹图谱的质量控制方法.优化后的电泳条件:分离柱为50μm×40 cm未涂层毛细管柱,运行缓冲液为pH 8.0、100 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲液(含25 mmol/L SDS及20%(V/V)无水乙醇),进样量0.5 psi×5 s,分离电压25 kV,检测波长214 nm.应用此条件,35 min内可实现新疆紫草有效成分的高效分离.在方法学验证的基础上,建立了新疆紫草指纹图谱.以新疆紫草对照药材指纹图谱为对照图谱,通过特征指纹峰、SFˊ相似度评价、聚类分析对不同购买地的新疆紫草进行质量评价和鉴别.此研究结果与其它中药鉴定方法对照结果一致.本方法准确、可靠、用时短,且具有良好的重现性,为新疆紫草的质量控制与评价提供了一种新的快速有效的鉴别方法.     

在线超滤–离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物

建立在线超滤–离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物的方法。选择Metrosep A Supp 5–150型色谱柱,以3.2 mmol/L Na2CO3–1.0 mmol/L NaHCO3–8% 丙酮混合溶液为淋洗液,流量为0.7 mL/min,进样体积为200 μL,检测温度为50 ℃。碘化物的质量浓度在0.000~1.00 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,线性相关系数r=0.999 8,检出限为0.002 mg/L。实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~2.2%(n=6),加标回收率为89.0%~103.3%。该方法无需进行样品前处理,可直接进样,操作简便,灵敏度高,适用于地下水中碘化物的测定。     

褐藻酸钠的高效凝胶色谱行为及其分子量参数测定

用高效凝胶色谱法测定褐藻酸钠的分子量参数。比较了褐藻酸钠样品与非极性标样DextranT500的高效凝胶色谱行为的差异,讨论了进样浓度和进样体积对结果的影响。     

肌肽类生物活性肽的毛细管电泳在线富集技术

建立了毛细管区带电泳(CZE)在线富集3种肌肽类活性肽(肌肽、鹅肌肽和高肌肽)的两种简便有效的方法。一种是大体积进样反向压力排除基体富集（LVSRP）技术,即通过流体动力学进样,在不改变电源极性的条件下,利用反向压力排除样品基体,电堆积富集后进行CZE分离;另一种是大体积进样电渗流排除基体富集（LVSEP）技术,即通过流体动力学进样,于运行缓冲液中加入溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)动态修饰毛细管表面,通过电渗流排除样品基体,改变电源极性后进行CZE分离。与常规CZE相比,LVSRP技术和LVSEP技术使检测灵敏度提高了40~60倍。对影响两种富集过程的一些因素进行了研究,在最优富集条件下考察本方法的线性范围为0.080~5.0 μmol/L。对3种生物活性肽的检测限(S/N=3)分别为LVSRP 41~58 nmol/L,LVSEP 35~43 nmol/L。