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探测超声微振动的激光外差干涉仪 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
激光超声是一项新兴的技术,可应用于非接触检测。本文作者研制的探测超声微振动的激光外差干涉仪,该装置具有结构简单,不必采用复杂的反馈回路,只要采用简单的滤波就可以消除外界环境引起的干扰,更重要的是它的测量结果与干涉仪的初相无关,为实际应用提供了很大方便。 相似文献
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干涉仪环境振动的外差检测与自适应控制 总被引:2,自引:6,他引:2
测试环境的微振动干扰会引起干涉图的抖动,影响移相干涉仪的测量准确.设计了一种内嵌于移相干涉仪的外差测振光路,对干涉仪所受环境微振动进行实时检测;采用单片RF/IF集成芯片对两路40MHz的模拟外差信号直接进行比相,简化了通常使用的数字测相方法.在测得环境振动信息后,运用DSP技术和自适应信号处理的方法,实现了基于PZT移相器的自适应振动控制,实验结果表明干涉仪对幅频积不大于100waves·Hz的环境振动的抑制能力达-39dB. 相似文献
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纳米级和皮米级激光测距是光学技术中的重要一环,同时也是深空引力波探测实验所必须的技术。德国汉诺威的爱因斯坦研究所为此提出并实现了一种基于相位深度调制技术的外差式激光干涉仪,作为LISA计划测距系统的后备方案,在数值处理过程中使用了Levenberg-Marquardt非线性拟合方法作为干涉仪光学读出算法。探讨并展示了另外两种新的外差干涉仪光学读出拟合算法。第一种算法采用近似并迭代的数值方法将拟合过程分为两次迭代:第一次估算干涉仪的调制深度和调制相位,第二次线性迭代拟合干涉仪的相位和振幅。另外一种算法首先利用离散傅里叶变换计算频谱,然后从频谱中拟合出干涉仪的调制相位,之后采用高斯-牛顿迭代方法线性拟合调制深度、相位和振幅。在空气中长时间运行的结果显示,第一种拟合算法的连续测距误差小于0.24nm,第二种算法的误差在0.19nm左右,比原来的非线性拟合算法分析得到的误差小了5~6倍。 相似文献
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在线测量表面粗糙度的共光路激光外差干涉仪 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
一种新型的、用于在线测量表面粗糙度的激光外差干涉仪已研制完成。该仪器体积小(25cm×20cm×10cm)、抗外界环境干扰能力强。仪器以稳频半导体激光器作为光源。共光路设计,使测量光和参考光沿同一路径入射到被测表面上。计大数和测小数周期相结合的外差信号处理方法,实现了大的动态测量范围和很高的测量分辩率。同时还采用了全反射临界角法进行自动聚焦。该仪器的纵向和横向分辨率分别为0.39nm和0.73μm;自动聚焦范围为±0.5mm,在焦点±25μm范围内,聚焦精度为1μm;80分钟内整机稳定性:3σ=1.95nm。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种采用迈克尔逊干涉仪方法测量压电振子表面振动位移分布的简单方法。当其中一支光路引入一低频相位调制,可使测量结果不受环境机械振动和声噪声的干扰(包括带动微动台移动的马达机械振动和声噪声),因而可进行一维自动测量。当自动测量时,位移振幅一般需大于0.1A,当进行定点精密绝对测量时,最小可测位移为5×10~(-2)-5×10~(-3)A,最后给出了几种压电振子的测量结果。 相似文献
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针对外差干涉的微振动测量存在稳定性低、严重受环境噪声影响等缺点,提出了对光路的改进方案。根据差分原理将其改为双光路,消除环境噪声的干扰;通过偏振分光棱镜(PBS)将椭圆偏振光变为线偏光,提高干涉信号幅值;改进频移装置(AOM),抑制频率漂移;增加光阑,滤除杂散光,提高系统信噪比。通过探测5 kHz压电陶瓷振动信号,以及2.5 MHz高频激光超声信号进行实验验证,结果表明:信号稳定且无纹波,系统分辨率为2.3 nm,信噪比提高16.7倍。两路干涉信号幅值分别为552 mV和736 mV,较传统外差干涉信号幅值提高近10倍,有利于纳米量级微振动信号的检测。 相似文献
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激光超声是近些年来发展较快的研究课题。它应用于无损检测的一个重要问题如何测量微振动。由于需检测的对象是小于10~(-10)m数量级的微振动,一般采用干涉仪作为检测的主要手段。干涉仪可以测量微振动,主要有麦克尔逊干涉仪、法布里-珀罗干涉仪等。用干涉仪测量微小振动面临的主要困难是提高测量精度和整个系统的稳定性,使整个系统具有较好的抗干扰性能。我们在研究中采用了激光频率锁定方法。其 相似文献
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一般共焦法布里-佩罗(Fabry-Perot,FP)干涉仪只能检测声场的法向位移分量,而声场的切向位移分量含有法向位移分量所不能表达的材料特性。本文在检测声场法向位移分量共焦FP干涉仪的基础上,自行研制了一新颖的双通道共焦F-P干涉仪,它同时检测来自试样表面+θ和-θ角上的散射光,通过对两路输出信号作简单的信号处理,可以得到试样表面的位移点。用该F-P干涉仪测量了脉冲激光在Ti膜上激发的Lamb波的法向和切向位移,结果与理论预计一致。 相似文献
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In modern semiconductor and optics industries, there is a strong demand for a highly sensitive and non-contact surface profilometer. This paper describes a practical heterodyne surface profiling interferometer for on-line non-contact measurement which has been developed recently. The essential feature of the profilometer is a newly designed common-path configuration to minimize the effects caused by vibration, air turbulence and other environmental variations. A single-mode frequency-stabilized laser diode (780 nm) serves as the light source to make the whole system compact (total volume 250L×200W×100H mm). A powerful signal processing scheme is also developed, which includes three parts: automatic voltage control, phase measurement with wide range and automatic focusing control. All these make the repeatability and stability of the profiling interferometer greatly improved. The system has vertical resolution of 0.39 nm and lateral resolution of 0.73 μm. During approximately an hour, the stability is within 1.95 nm(3σ). 相似文献
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We present a new circular heterodyne interferometer with electro-optic modulation for measurement of the optical linear birefringence. It enables the measurement of not only the phase retardation but also the principal angle. The measurement procedure is carried out in two steps. In the first step of measurements, we use the electro-optic modulated circular heterodyne interferometer and the phase-lock technique to precisely measure the principal axis angle. After rotating the analyzer in the setup, the phase retardation is determined also by the phase-lock technique. The compact configuration requires only a photodetector and two simple phase-lock extractions to determine the principal axis angle and the phase retardation. The validity of the proposed design is demonstrated by measurement of the principal axis angle and phase retardation of a quarter-wave plate sample. The root-mean-square resolutions for the principal axis angle and phase retardation are found to be 0.0396° and 0.0796°, respectively, with corresponding dynamic ranges of 0–180° and 0–180°. 相似文献
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An interferometer having accuracy in displacement measurement of <1 nm is necessary in nanometrology. To meet the requirement, the periodic nonlinearity mainly caused by polarization and frequency mixings should be less than deep sub-nanometer. In this paper, two spatial-separated polarization beams are used to avoid mixings and then the periodic nonlinearity. The developed interferometer demonstrates a periodic nonlinearity of about 25 pm and a 2 pm/Hz in displacement noise level. 相似文献
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用作超声接收器的共焦Fabry-Perot干涉仪 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自行研制了一台用作超声接收器的共焦Fabry-Perot干涉仪。本文介绍了用该类干涉仪探测固体表面超声脉冲的原理,给出了干涉仪参数选择的依据及其具体结构形式,估价了共焦状态的精度要求,获得了干涉仪的干涉图样及锯齿波扫描透射曲线等实验结果。同时将该干涉仪成功地应用于探测激光脉冲在金属固体中激励的超声脉冲。 相似文献
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A fiber-optic interferometer is proposed and demonstrated experimentally for ultrasonic detection. The sensor consists of a compact Michelson interferometer (MI), which is fixed in a tilted-tube end-face (45°). Thin gold films are used for the reflective coatings of two arms and one of the interference arms is etched serving as the sensing arm. The spectral sideband filter technique is used to interrogate the continuous and pulse ultrasonic signals (with frequency of 300 KHz). Furthermore, because of the asymmetrical structure of the sensor, it presents strong direction-dependent ultrasonic sensitivity, such that the sensor can be considered a vector detector. The experimental results show that the sensor is highly sensitive to ultrasonic signals, and thus it can be a candidate for ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models. 相似文献