Preconcentration and Determination of Copper（Ⅱ） Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified by 1,5-Diphenylcarhazide and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A simple and reproducible method for the rapid extraction and determination of trace amounts of copper（Ⅱ） ions using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide （DPC） and atomic absorption spectrometry was presented, which was based on complex formation on the surface of the ENVI-18 DISK^TM disks followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amounts of appropriate organic solvents. The elution was efficient and quantitative. The effect of potential interfering ions, pH, ligand amount, stripping solvent, and sample flow rate were also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the break-through volume was found to be about 1000 mL providing a preconcentration factor of 400. The maximum capacity of the disks was found to be （255±5） lag for Cu^2＋, and the limit of detection of the proposed method was 5 ng per 1000 mL. The method was applied to the extraction and recovery of copper in different water samples.     

Allyloxyporphyrin‐Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis by Radical Polymerization and Enhanced Optical‐Limiting Properties

Allyloxyporphyrin‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐TPP) were synthesized by radical polymerization and characterized by FTIR, UV/Vis absorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy; elemental analysis; TEM; and thermogravimetric analysis. Z‐scan studies revealed that this nanohybrid exhibits enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) properties compared to a control sample consisting of a covalently unattached physical blend of MWCNTs and porphyrin, as well as to the separate MWCNTs and porphyrin. At the wavelengths used, the mechanism of enhanced optical limiting likely involves reverse saturable absorption, nonlinear scattering, and photoinduced electron/energy transfer between the MWCNTs and the porphyrin. The role of electron/energy transfer in the NLO performance of MWCNT‐TPP was investigated by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy.     

γ-Irradiated Ni-hesperidin nanocomposite for selective trace-level sensing of sulfide ions

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Synthesis of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin (B) was performed using the Lindsey method and characterized by 1H NMR. Cu-porphyrin...     

Ultratrace determination of lead,cadmium and copper in environmental and biological samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after their separation and preconcentration using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with a new n–s schiff base

Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions were separated and preconcentrated by solid-phase extraction on octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified with a new S–N-containing Schiff base (bis-2-thiophenal propandiamine) (BTPD) followed by elution and atomic absorption spectrometric detection. The method was applied as a separation and detection method for lead(II), cadmium(II) and copper(II) in environmental and biological samples. Extraction efficiency and the influence of sample matrix, flow rate, pH, and type and minimum amount of stripping acid were investigated. The maximum capacity of the membrane disks modified by 4?mg of BTPD was found to be 668 ± 10, 480 ± 8 and 454 ± 7?µg of lead, cadmium and copper, respectively. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.25, 0.01 and 0.02?ng/mL for lead, cadmium and copper, respectively.     

不对称希夫碱卟啉及其稀土配合物的合成与表征

以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,5-对氨基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉与苯甲醛直接反应得到一种不对称希夫碱卟啉化合物,并合成了它的稀土配合物.用元素分析、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱1、H核磁共振以及X射线光电子能谱对这些化合物进行了表征,推测了稀土乙酰丙酮卟啉配合物的结构,稀土离子与乙酰丙酮的两个O原子和卟啉的4个吡咯N原子配位,配位数为6,稀土离子位于卟啉平面的上方.     

Synthesis of b-Cyclodextrin Bonded Metal Porphyrins

6-Deoxy- 6-iodo-b -cyclodextrin (1) reacted with 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin(2), 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl nickel(II) porphyrin [NiⅡTPPNH2P] (3), 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl manganese(Ⅲ) porphyrin [MnⅢTPPNH2P] (4) and 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl carbonyl ruthenium porphyrin [RuⅡ(CO)TPPNH2P] (5) to generate the compounds 6-9, respectively. Those new compound 5-9 have been identified by 1H NMR, IR, MS and UV-visible spectra and elemental analysis.     

Solid phase extraction and determination of ultra trace amounts of copper(II) using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified by 11-hydroxynaphthacene-5,12-quinone and flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple and selective method for rapid extraction and determination of trace amounts of copper(II) ions using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified with 11-hydroxynaphthacene-5,12-quinone and flame atomic absorption spectrometry is presented. Extraction efficiency and the influence of pH, flow rates, amount of ligand and type and least amount of stripping acid were evaluated. Maximum capacity of the membrane disks modified by 5 mg of the ligand was found to be 360 mug of Cu(2+) ion. The break through volume is larger than 2000 ml. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.2 ng ml(-1). The effects of various cationic interferences on the percent recovery of copper in binary mixtures were studied. The method was applied to the recovery of Cu(2+) ions from four different water samples and a synthetic sample.     

Solid phase extraction of ultra-trace amounts of Ag+ by using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with a new fulvalen derivative.

A simple method for the rapid extraction and determination of ultra-trace amounts of Ag+ ions using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified with a recently synthesized fulvalen (tetramethyltetrathiafulvalen) (TMTTF) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is presented. The extraction efficiency and influence of the flow rate, pH, nature of the counter ion and type and the least amount of eluent for the stripping of Ag+ from disks and breakthrough volume were evaluated. The maximum capacity of the membrane disks modified by 5 mg of TMTTF used was found to be 482 +/- 6 micrograms Ag+. The detection limit of the proposed method is 1.0 ng/dm3. The method was applied to the recovery of Ag+ ions from different synthetic and water samples.     

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Coated with Diazonium‐derived Porphyrin/Metalloporphyrin Films

In this study, the influence of the film structure was investigated on the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction at GC electrodes covered with porphyrin and metalloporphyrin rings via the diazonium modification method. For that purpose, primarily, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) films on GC electrode surfaces were prepared by electroreduction of in situ generated diazonium salts of 5‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin (APP) and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) molecules. Next, the formation of metalloporphyrin films on the modified surfaces was accomplished through the complexation reactions of surface porphyrin rings with metal ions in the salt solutions containing Mn(II), Fe(III) and Co(II) ions. The resulting porphyrin and metalloporphyrin layers were identified with XPS and ICP‐MS. The electrochemical barrier properties of the films on GC surfaces were examined by cyclic voltammetry in K₃Fe(CN)₆ aqueous solution. The electrocatalytic abilities of the resulting films were also investigated for the oxygen electrochemical reduction by employing cyclic voltammetry in PBS solutions saturated with oxygen. The results showed that the oxygen reduction potentials on modified GC electrodes were shifted to less negative potentials compared to that of bare GC electrode. Also, it was obtained that the oxygen reduction reaction was more effective on the GC electrodes modified with TPP rings by using TAPP molecules than those prepared by using APP molecules.     

Pre-concentration of ultra trace amounts of copper,zinc, cobalt and nickel in environmental water samples using modified C18 extraction disks and determination by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry

A highly sensitive and accurate method for pre-concentration and determination of ultra trace amounts of zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel ions in environmental water samples is proposed. The method is based on the solid phase extraction of these ions on C18-bonded silica extraction disks modified with a novel Schiff base 2,2′-[1,6-hexanediyl bis (nitriloethylidine)]bis-1-naphthol (HDN). The retained ions on the prepared solid phase was eluted with 10 mL 0.01 M nitric acid and measured by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. The extraction efficiency and the influence of the type and least amount of eluent for the stripping of ions from the disks, pH, flow rates of sample solution and eluent, amount of HDN, effect of other ions and breakthrough volume were evaluated. The limits of detection of the method were 0.2, 0.2, 0.8 and 0.6 µg L^?1 for zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel, respectively and an enrichment factor of 100 was obtained. The proposed method was applied for determination of zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel ions in some natural and synthetic water samples with satisfactory results.     

新型桥连双卟啉化合物的合成及结构表征

通过将4,4′-二羧基-2,2′-联吡啶、2,6-二溴甲基吡啶、2,6-二羟甲基吡啶和1,8-二氨基萘分别与5-(4-羟基苯基)-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(1a)、5-(4-甲酰苯基)-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(1b)和5-[4-(4′-溴代丁氧基)苯基]-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(1c)反应,合成了3类新型的双卟啉化合物2a-2e,经IR,¹HNMR,MS,UV-Vis光谱及元素分析对中间体和目标化合物的结构进行了表征.     

First electrogeneration of a platinum(IV) porphyrin: elucidation of the Pt(II/IV) and Pt(IV/II) oxidation-reduction processes in nonaqueous media

The first example for electrogeneration of a Pt(IV) porphyrin from its Pt(II) form is presented and the Pt(II/IV) and reverse Pt(IV/II) oxidation-reduction processes are elucidated by electrochemistry and thin-layer UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry. Three products, [(TPP˙(+))Pt(II)](+), [(TPP)Pt(IV)](2+) and [(TPP˙(+))Pt(IV)](3+), produced by electrooxidation of the Pt(II) porphyrin have been characterized by in situ spectroelectrochemistry and ESR measurements after controlled potential bulk electrolysis. The first definitive evidence for the electrochemical conversion of a Pt(iv) porphyrin to its Pt(II) form is also presented. The potential for this electroreduction is highly dependent upon the nature of the anion, ClO(4)(-) or Cl(-). A mechanism for the reversible conversion between Pt(II) and Pt(IV) tetraphenylporphyrins is proposed.     

Permeation associated with three-phase-partitioning method on release of green fluorescent protein

Transformed cells of Escherichia coli expressing recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) were subjected to two methods of extraction: (1) freezing/thawing/sonication (FTS) cycles prior to the three-phase partitioning (TPP) method, or (2) directly to TPP extraction. The amount of GFPuv released by the FTS plus TPP method varied: 374μg/mL (first cycle), 93–442 μg/mL (second cycle), 32–359 μg/mL (third cycle), 18–115 μg/mL (fourth cycle). The GFPuv yields by the second method (TPP only) were, 23–54 μg/mL for the first extract and 33–91 μg/mL for the second. The FTS plus TPP method released similar amounts of GFPuv to that extracted by TPP; and provided a better mixture elution through the hydrophobic interaction column: 13–63 μg/mL for FTS plus TPP methods, and 2.5–13 μg/mL for TPP. The results showed that although selective permeation is a more laborious methodology, it was more efficient for obtaining of GFPuv in relation to the direct extraction of the cells for TPP.     

Determination of Singlet Oxygen Production and Antibacterial Effect of Nonpolar Porphyrins In Heterogeneous Systems

ABSTRACT

The possibility of using the iodide method and the method of bleaching of 4-nitroso-N, N'-dimethylaniline, developed originally for homogeneous aqueous medium for the determination of singlet oxygen production, was tested for water-insoluble nonpolar senzitizers adsorbed on the silica gel support. Sensitizers of the porphyrin and metalloporphyrin type (tetraphenylporphin (TPP), protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), tetra(4-nitrophenyl)porphin (TPP(NO₂)₄ and complexes of TPP with some divalent and trivalent metals, Cd(II)TPP, Zn(II)TPP, Co(II)TPP, Cu(II)TPP, Ni(II)TPP, Mn(II)TPPCI, and Fe(II)TPPCl) were used as model compounds. It was found that both methods used gave similar values of ¹O₂. The relative ¹O₂ production of the compounds studied decreases in the order PP=Zn(II)TPP=Cd(II)TPP > TPP(NO₂)₄> PPIX> nonactive substances.

The cytotoxic effect of ¹O₂ Produced by these substances on the silica gel support was tested using E. coli DHS-alfa bacteria. The relative ¹O₂ production values correlate with the antibacterial activity of the adsorbed substances exposed to light.     

Propiconazole and Penconazole as Effective Extractants for Selective recovery and concentration of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions formed in leaching of spent aluminoplatinum and aluminopalladium catalysts

Selective recovery and concentration of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions of varied composition was studied using commercial reagents propiconazole and penconazole as extractants. The ranges of hydrochloric acid concentrations for effective extraction and highly selective separation of platinum metals from Al(III) and Ni(II) with propiconazole (toluene with 15 vol % n-decanol as deluent) and penconazole (chloroform) were determined. The conditions for 10-fold selective concentration of platinum metals with recovery of more than 99.9% of metal ions into the organic phase were found. The conditions for quantitative (>99%) stripping of platinum(IV) with a hydrochloric acid solution of thiourea and palladium(II) with ammonia solution were determined. The results obtained can be used for optimizing the modes of selective recovery of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions formed in leaching of alumina-supported platinum-rhenium, platinum-nickel, and palladium catalysts.     

Microdroplet anodic stripping voltammetry at the in situ preparing antimony-modified rotating disk electrode for determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II)

A simple electroanalytical method for Cd(II) and Pb(II) detection based on differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPSV) with in situ prepared antimony-modified glassy carbon rotating disk electrode (in situ Sb-GC-RDE) was developed. The electrochemical detection was performed in a microdroplet (50 μL) of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid that is placed between the electrode surface (top) and a Parafilm®-covered glass slide to maintain a hydrophobic surface (bottom). This method includes a preconcentration process using a membrane filter (MF). The target metal ions were complexed with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as a chelating agent, which was accumulated on the MF via filtration. The RDE microdroplet anodic stripping voltammetry was suitable for the elution and determination of metal ions accumulated on the MF. The in situ preparation of antimony-modified electrode allows the use of common GC electrode with high performance. The detection limits for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 1.4 and 1.1 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used in natural water samples for the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II).     

MANGANESE(III) PORPHYRIN SUPPORTED ON POLYSTYRENE AS A HETEROGENEOUS ALKENE EPOXIDATION AND ALKANE HYDROXYLATION CATALYST

ABSTRACT

Carboxymethylated crosslinked polystyrene resin [poly(4-styrylmethylacylchloride) (PSA)] support have been used to covalently attach manganese(III) tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin. This catalyst was found to be efficient for alkene epoxidation and alkane hydroxylation by sodium periodate. This new hydrogenised catalyst is of high stability and reusability.     

Naked five-coordinate Fe(III)(NO) porphyrin complexes: vibrational and reactivity features

Model ferric heme nitrosyl complexes, [Fe(TPP)(NO)](+) and [Fe(TPFPP)(NO)](+), where TPP is the dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-phenyl-porphyrin and TPFPP is the dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-pentafluorophenyl-porphyrin, have been obtained as isolated species by the gas phase reaction of NO with [Fe(III)(TPP)](+) and [Fe(III) (TPFPP)](+) ions delivered in the gas phase by electrospray ionization, respectively. The so-formed nitrosyl complexes have been characterized by vibrational spectroscopy also exploiting (15)N-isotope substitution in the NO ligand. The characteristic NO stretching frequency is observed at 1825 and 1859 cm(-1) for [Fe(III)(TPP)(NO)](+) and [Fe(III)(TPFPP)(NO)](+) ions, respectively, providing reference values for genuine five-coordinate Fe(III)(NO) porphyrin complexes differing only for the presence of either phenyl or pentafluorophenyl substituents on the meso positions of the porphyrin ligand. The vibrational assignment is aided by hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations of geometry and electronic structure and frequency analysis which clearly support a singlet spin electronic state for both [Fe(TPP)(NO)](+) and [Fe(TPFPP)(NO)](+) complexes. Both TD-DFT and CASSCF calculations suggest that the singlet ground state is best described as Fe(II)(NO(+)) and that the open-shell AFC bonding scheme contribute for a high-energy excited state. The kinetics of the NO addition reaction in the gas phase are faster for [Fe(III)(TPFPP)](+) ions by a relatively small factor, though highly reliable because of a direct comparative evaluation. The study was aimed at gaining vibrational and reactivity data on five-coordinate Fe(III)(NO) porphyrin complexes, typically transient species in solution, ultimately to provide insights into the nature of the Fe(NO) interaction in heme proteins.     

具有不同长度碳链的不对称四苯基卟啉及其金属配合物的合成

叶绿素、血红素、维生素B_(12)等都是不对称的金属卟啉类化合物叫,1975年Anton等首次合成了几种不对称取代四苯基卟啉及其金属配合物.其后,Leznoff,Molinaro等也发表了有关工作.我们模拟叶绿素的结构合成了三个系列13个具有不同长度碳链的单取代四苯基卟啉及其铜、锌、钴、镍等金属配合物(图1).用元素分析、红外光谱、可见吸收光谱和核磁共振谱等表征了它们的可能结构.     

Absorption spectroscopic and ESR studies on one-electron reduction products of copper(II) and oxovanadium(IV) tetraphenylporphyrins produced by γ-radiolysis in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solutions at 77 K

Optical absorption spectra of one-electron reduced species of copper(II) and oxovanadium(IV) tetraphenylporphyrins. Cu(II)TPP and V(IV)OTPP, in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77 K reveal that not the central metal but the porphyrin ligand is reduced by an excess electron. The triplet ESR spectrum resulting from the spin-spin interaction between two odd electrons located on the porphyrin ligand and the central metal is observed for the one-electron reduced species of V(IV)OTPP while not for that of Cu(II)TPP.