聚酰胺树脂对茶多酚和咖啡因吸附选择性研究

本文用紫外可见分光光度法研究了聚酰胺树脂对茶多酚和咖啡因的吸附性能 ,分光光度法和HPLC研究表明 ,聚酰胺树脂对茶多酚的吸附能力远大于对咖啡因的吸附能力 ,氢键起了非常重要的作用。在2 0g聚酰胺树脂对 1 0 0mL 0 71g·L- 1 咖啡因水溶液的静态吸附实验中 ,其吸附量为 2 65mg·g- 1 ,吸附率为7 5 % ;8 0g聚酰胺树脂对 70 0mL 1 98g·L- 1 茶多酚水溶液的静态吸附实验 ,吸附量高达 1 4 8 1 3mg·g- 1 ,吸附率为 85 5 % ;以 85 %的乙醇为洗脱剂 ,咖啡因和茶多酚的解吸率分别为 74%和 90 % ;同时聚酰胺树脂对咖啡因和茶多酚的静态吸附在 80min内达到快速吸附平衡 ,并且吸附动力学曲线接近线性。利用树脂成功地将茶多酚和咖啡因混合溶液进行了吸附分离 ,得到的产品茶多酚含量高于 96 % ,其中EGCG含量高于80 % ,而咖啡因含量则小于 2 82 %。实验结果表明 ,聚酰胺树脂适合吸附分离咖啡因和茶多酚。     

β-环糊精交联共聚物的制备及其Pb2+、Zn2+吸附的AAS法分析

以丙烯酸β-环糊精酯(β-CD-AA)、烯丙基-联苯基醚(ABE)和丙烯酸(AA)为单体,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用微波辅助法制备了β-环糊精交联聚合物(AA/β-CD-AA/ABE),FTIR表征了其结构。以原子吸收光谱法(AAS)为检测手段,研究了Pb2+和Zn2+吸附时间、体系pH及温度等吸附条件对聚合物吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,Pb2+的最佳吸附条件为：在35 ℃、静态吸附时间约2 h左右、体系pH 2～3时,最大吸附量Q达到29.5 mg·g-1;Zn2+的最佳吸附条件为：在30 ℃、静态吸附时间约3 h左右、体系pH 3～4时,最大吸附量Q达到43.7 mg·g-1;聚合物对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附基本符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。     

原子吸收光谱法研究巯基改性膨润土对Pb2+的吸附解吸

通过红外光谱(FTIR)法和扫描电镜(SEM)对钙基和巯基改性膨润土的官能团和表面结构进行了比较分析,以火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)为检测手段,研究了巯基改性膨润土对Pb2+吸附的影响因素并优化了吸附条件,讨论了模拟酸雨解吸Pb2+的条件。比较了钙基和巯基改性膨润土作为吸附剂对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附、固定能力。研究表明：25 ℃下,吸附时间为60 min、离子强度为0.1 mol·L-1的KNO₃、pH 6.0时,5.0 g·L-1巯基改性膨润土对100 mg·L-1的Pb2+的吸附率达到98%以上,平衡吸附量达到67.27 mg·g-1,吸附能力明显优于钙基膨润土(9.667 mg·g-1),吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温线方程。用pH 3.50的极限酸度模拟酸雨进行解吸,解吸率为0。表明该巯基改性膨润土对Pb2+具有很强的吸附、固定能力,适于重金属铅污染土壤中铅的吸附固定修复之用。     

ICP-AES研究纳米TiO2材料对Ga,In, Tl的吸附性能

研究了纳米TiO2材料对Ga,In,Tl的吸附性能,考察了吸附动力学、最佳酸度、富集倍数和吸附容量,确定了待测金属离子的最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明:在最佳pH条件下,Ga,In,Tl能定量、快速地被吸附在纳米TiO2材料上;其静态吸附容量为:Ga48·6mg·g-1,In46·6mg·g-1和Tl23·4mg·g-1;被吸附在纳米TiO2上的金属离子能采用0·1mol·L-1EDTA 1·0mol·L-1HNO3混合溶液定量洗脱,其回收率均大于92%。当富集倍数为12·5时,本法对Ga(Ⅲ),In(Ⅲ),Tl(Ⅰ)的检出限分别为3·0,6·0,13ng·mL-1。计算了相应的相对标准偏差(RSD%)分别为1·85%,1·96%,3·40%,该方法已成功地应用于地质样品中痕量Ga(Ⅲ),In(Ⅲ),Tl(Ⅰ)的测定,结果满意。     

秦巴山区汉中中药材姜黄中无机元素的测定

用ICP-AES测定陕西汉中市中药姜黄中的2种常量营养性元素(钙、镁)和5种微量元素(铜、铬、铁、锌、锰)含量.钙6010.5μg·g-1、镁6250.1μg · g-1、铜18.8μg·g-1、铬4.2μg·g-1、铁331.8μg·g-1、锌208.6μg·g-1、锰477.4μg·g-1,加标回收率均在96.4％...     

离子交换树脂均匀沉淀法制备Nd2O3纳米粒子的研究

以Nd(NO)3·6H2O和(NH4):C2O4·2H2O为原料,分别采用阴离子交换树脂均匀沉淀法和阳离子交换树脂均匀沉淀法制备Nd2O3前驱体,经700℃焙烧后制得Nd2O3纳米晶体a和b.分别用热分析、X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨电子显微镜、选用电子衍射和BET等对前驱体和样品进行表征,并对均匀沉淀形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明,制备的Nd2O3纳米晶体属六方晶系,样品分散性较好,平均粒径约为26～32 nm;Nd2O3纳米晶体清晰、有序的电子衍射点阵,表明晶体的结晶度较好;样品a和样品b的比表面积分别是42.57和29.43 m2·g-1.离子交换树脂均匀沉淀法具有操作简单易行,对设备要求不高,成本低,同时避免使用有机溶剂和表面活性剂,污染小,后处理容易,离子交换树脂可再生重复使用等优点.     

Pb(Ⅱ)印迹磁性复合吸附剂在水溶液中吸附行为的FAAS法分析

以壳聚糖为单体,磁性纳米Fe₃O₄为载体,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,利用本体聚合法制备的Pb(Ⅱ)印迹磁性复合吸附剂,可实现从水溶液中快速吸附分离Pb(Ⅱ)。印迹和非印迹吸附剂采用FTIR表征, FAAS法分析吸附过程中pH、吸附时间、初始浓度和温度等影响。结果发现,随着溶液pH值的增加, Pb(Ⅱ)-MICA对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附容量在溶液pH 5~6时达到最大,当吸附时间为120 min, 最大吸附容量为32.48 mg·g-1。吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的Pb2+/Cu2+, Pb2+/Cd2+, Pb2+/Ni2+, Pb2+/Zn2+的相对选择性系数分别是MNICA的28.11, 91.14, 76.54, 33.06倍, 显示出对Pb2+具有良好的吸附选择性。Langmuir等温吸附模型与平衡吸附数据吻合(r2=1,饱和吸附容量为33.87 mg·g-1)。动力学和热力学研究结果表明,吸附过程属于Langmuir型单层吸附,受化学作用控制,是自发、放热、焓驱动的过程。     

质子化改性壳聚糖吸附硫酸根行为及其光谱分析

壳聚糖(CTS)具有活性基团氨基和羟基,可用作吸附剂。在酸性介质中其氨基容易质子化形成氨基正离子,具有吸附阴离子的能力,同时也导致吸附剂的溶解流失;进行交联处理可提高吸附剂的酸稳定性,但也导致吸附性能的下降。因此可进行氨基保护后进行交联以改善其酸溶液稳定性,再脱去氨基保护剂进行质子化处理以获得较好的对阴离子的吸附性能。以甲醛为氨基保护剂,戊二醛为交联剂,通过反相悬浮法制得交联壳聚糖(CCTS),对其进行质子化制得质子化改性壳聚糖吸附剂(P-CCTS),并首次将该吸附剂用于处理水溶液中的硫酸根离子。通过静态吸附实验,考察了质子化改性壳聚糖对硫酸根的吸附性能;利用X射线能谱元素分析(EDS)和红外光谱分析(FTIR)对该吸附剂的制备以及对硫酸根离子的吸附过程进行了表征,探索了交联反应和吸附反应的发生机理。实验结果表明：质子化改性壳聚糖吸附剂与交联壳聚糖相比,其对硫酸根离子的吸附性能提高了约10倍;甲醛、戊二醛的醛基与壳聚糖的交联反应主要发生在的氨基(—NH₂)和部分一级羟基(C₆—OH)上;质子化过程中交联壳聚糖的氨基与质子化剂形成了氯化壳聚糖氨盐;对硫酸根离子的吸附则主要是质子化氨基上氯离子与硫酸根离子的交换作用。     

新型特效Na离子吸附剂Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3的光谱研究

采用高温固相法合成了新型特效Na离子吸附剂Li1 xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3.用XRD,FTIR,Raman等手段研究了其结构形态;对材料的激光拉曼光谱和红外光谱进行了研究和指认;并对其吸附性能进行了研究.结果表明少量Al的加入未影响到LiTi2(PO4)3的晶体结构,但使Li1 xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3对Na离子产生了特效吸附作用,可用于高纯锂盐制备过程中微量杂质钠离子的分离.其最佳吸附条件为:当x=0.4时,在pH值为10.0～11.0条件下,Li1 xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3的吸附容量达到11.76 mg·g-1.     

粘红酵母对铀的吸附研究

研究了粘红酵母对水溶液中铀的吸附行为,发现其吸附铀的最佳pH值为6～7,最大吸附量为149.4 mgU·g-1,其吸附等温线和Langmuir吸附等温方程符合较好,相关系数R-2达到0.99;比较吸附铀前后牯红酵母的红外光谱图发现,吸附过铀的菌体的红外光谱在904cm-1处出现了一个新的峰,此峰为UO2的伸缩振动峰,说明粘红酵母确实对铀发生了吸附作用.此外,氨基或羟基的伸缩振动峰由3 309移至3 287cm-1,细胞壁中碳水化合物或醇中C-O键伸缩振动发生位移,由1 068移至1 080cm-1,说明这些基团可能参与了吸附过程;蛋白质的特征吸收峰(1 653,1 540,1 237cm-1)在吸附前后基本无明显变化,表明粘红酵母的主要成分及结构仍保持完整.吸附后的菌体利用0.1 mol·L-1的NaHCO3处理后可解吸出其中96%的铀,可见该菌在铀矿废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.