Der Zerfall des122Xe (T 1/2=20,l h) und des122J (T 1/2=3,6min)

Theγ spectra emitted in the decay of¹²²Xe and¹²²I have been investigated using Ge(Li) detectors and a Ge(Li)-NaI coincidence apparatus. 14γ transitions with energies between 61.8 and 416.9 keV have been identified in the decay of¹²²Xe, 44 transitions between 564.0 and 3,291.0 keV in the decay of¹²²I. Level schemes having 7 excited levels for¹²²I and 21 excited levels for¹²²Te are proposed.     

On the decay of73Ga to levels in73Ge

Theγ-radiation following the β^? decay of⁷³Ga has been studied. Singlesγ andγγ coincidence spectra were recorded with Ge(Li)-detectors. 17γ-rays were assigned to transitions in⁷³Ge, where 11 excited levels are proposed. From logft values based onγ-transition intensities, spin and parity assignments for the levels were deduced. The half-life of⁷³Ga was measured to (4.86±0.03) h. From allowedβ-transitions the ground state of⁷³Ga was assigned 3/2^?.     

Variety of vibrational excitations in 228Th

The level structure of ²²⁸Th was studied using mass-separated ²²⁸Pa sources and a γ - γ coincidence setup of 5 Compton suppressed Ge detectors. The complete octupole quadruplet, three excited K ^π = 0⁺ bands and two excited K ^π = 2⁺ bands were identified at excitation energies elow 1.4 MeV.     

Spectral shape of the (7/2−→5/2+)-transition in the β-decay of139Ba

The energy spectrum of theβ-decay leading from the ground state of¹³⁹Ba to the first excited state of¹³⁹La has been measured in coincidence with the 166keV-γ-transition. For the measurement a well tested 4π-β-γ-coincidence spectrometer has been used. Because of its highβ- andγ-efficiency the instrument is especially suitable for selecting the spectrum of a weak and short livingβ-component. The measured spectrum has been corrected for distortions due to bremsstrahlung escaping from the Si(Li)-detectors. The shape factor has been determined and compared with former measurements. The significance of matrix elements extracted from the spectral shape is discussed.     

Gamma-gamma directional correlations and coincidence studies in154Gd

The intensities, placements andE2/M1 mixing ratios of transitions in the decay of¹⁵⁴Eu have been carefully studied to provide accurate data for microscopic calculations. Coincidence relationships in the decay of¹⁵⁴Eu have been studied extensively with a multiparameterγ-γ coincidence system with two large volume Ge(Li) detectors. Spectra in coincidence with twenty energy gates were analyzed. Twenty-nine new coincidence relationships were established and confirmed most, but not all, of several levels previously assigned by energy fits only. From an analysis of coincidence spectra and singles spectra with a 18% efficiency Ge(Li) detector new information on the gamma-ray intensities were obtained. Precise values of theE2/M1 mixing ratios of transitions from the gamma- and beta-vibrational bands to the g.s. band have been determined fromγ-γ directional correlation measurements with a NaI(Tl)-Ge(Li) detector coincidence system. Mixing ratios were obtained for a number of other transitions including those fromK ^π =0^? and 2⁺ bands from direct and skipped cascade correlations.     

Excited states of 154Nd studied through the decay of 154Pr

The neutron-rich isotope ¹⁵⁴Pr, the heaviest isotope of praseodymium, has been investigated by γ-ray multispectrum scaling and γ-γ-(t), X-γ-(t) coincidence experiments. The isotope ¹⁵⁴Pr was separated from ²³⁵U fission products with the on-line isotope separator KUR-ISOL. The decay scheme of ¹⁵⁴Pr has been constructed consisting of 9 excited states and 12 transitions in ¹⁵⁴Nd, including 7 excited states newly found in the present experiment.     

Double-electron capture of Se and the search for neutrinoless decay

Experimental results on the measurement of the double-electron capture (εε) decay process of ⁷⁴Se are described. This decay is particularly interesting, because ⁷⁴Se is almost degenerate to the second excited state at 1204 keV in the daughter nucleus ⁷⁴Ge. Such a degeneracy favors a neutrinoless decay because of the large phase-space suppression for a decay with two neutrinos. Subsequent de-excitation would generate a 2γ-ray cascade of 608 and 596 keV, whose coincident detection provides a unique signature for this particular εε process. The 2γ-ray cascade has been searched for by a HPGe γ-ray detector in coincidence with a NaI detector using 3 kg of natural selenium.     

Decay of149Gd and directional correlations of gamma cascades in149Eu

The decay of¹⁴⁹Gd(9.4d) to the levels of¹⁴⁹Eu has been studied using large volume high resolution Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) detectors,γ-γ coincidence and directional correlation experiments have been performed. Newγ-rays at energies 131.9, 278.6, 384.7, 415.7, 599.2, 726.5, 734.7, 956.4 and 1,231.1 keV in¹⁴⁹Eu have been observed. Three new levels in¹⁴⁹Eu have been placed at 956.4, 1,082.0 and 1,231.1 keV. Spin-parity assignments have been made to some of the levels in¹⁴⁹Eu. Multipolarity assignments have been made for most of the electromagnetic transitions from the conversion coefficients obtained through the knowledge of ourγ-transition intensities and the published conversion-electron intensities. Based on the newγ-transitions observed in the singles and coincidence spectra, a revised level scheme has been proposed for¹⁴⁹Eu and compared with previously published level schemes. Radioactivity¹⁴⁹Gd; measuredT _1/2,T _γ,γγ coin, γγ(θ), I.C.C.,¹⁴⁹Eu deduced levels,J,γ-mixing,π. Enriched targets, Ge(Li) detectors.     

Coherent bremsstrahlung and GDR width from Cf cold fission

The energy spectrum of the high energy γ-rays in coincidence with the prompt γ-rays has been measured for the spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf. The nucleus–nucleus coherent bremsstrahlung of the accelerating fission fragments is observed and the result has been substantiated with a theoretical calculation based on the Coulomb acceleration model. The width of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) decay from the excited fission fragments has been extracted for the first time and compared with the thermal shape fluctuation model (TSFM) in the liquid drop formalism. The extracted GDR width is significantly smaller than the predictions of TSFM.     

Radioactive decay of 1.7-h149Nd to levels of transitional149Pm

Sources of¹⁴⁹Nd were produced by thermal-neutron irradiation of enriched¹⁴⁸Nd. High resolution Ge(Li) spectrometers were used to collect gamma-ray singles and coincidence spectra in the study of the decay of 1.7-h¹⁴⁹Nd. A total of 214 gamma rays have been assigned to the decay of¹⁴⁹Nd, and 201 of these transitions have been placed in a level scheme of¹⁴⁹Pm involving 42 excited states. Absolute values for the beta-group intensities were determined for transitions to the¹⁴⁹Pm levels, and spin and parity assignments were made for many of the observed states. The experimentally determined level structure of¹⁴⁹Pm was compared with corresponding levels in other odd-mass Pm and Eu nuclides. Interpretations were made in terms of the core-coupling model. Radioactive decay¹⁴⁸Nd(n, γ)¹⁴⁹Nd; measuredE _γ,I _γ,γ-γ coinc.¹⁴⁹Pm deduced levels,J,π. Compton-suppression. Ge(Li) detector. Enriched targets.     

The levels of144Pr from the decay of144Ce

The level scheme of¹⁴⁴Pr has been studied from the decay of¹⁴⁴Ce. The intensities and energies of gamma rays have been determined with a X-ray Ge(Li) detector. TheK-shell internal conversion coefficients for γ-rays have been measured with theK X-ray/γ-ray ratio method using NaI(Tl)—X-ray Ge(Li) coincidence techniques.     

Cold and hot binary and ternary fission yields in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf

The spontaneous fission (SF) of ²⁵²Cf has been studied via γ-γ-γ coincidence and light charged particle—γ-γ coincidence with Gammasphere. The yields of correlated Mo-Ba pairs in binary fission with 0–10 neutron emission have been remeasured with an uncompressed cube. The previous hot fission mode with 8–10 neutron emission seen in the Mo-Ba split is found to be smaller than earlier results but still present. New 0n binary SF yields are reported. By gating on the light charged particles detected in ΔE-E detectors and γ-γ coincidence with Gammasphere, the relative yields of correlated pairs in alpha ternary fission with zero to 6n emission are observed for the first time. The peak occurs around the α2n channel. A number of correlated pairs are identified in ternary fission with ¹⁰Be as the light charged particle. We observed only cold, 0n ¹⁰Be and little, if any, hot, xn ¹⁰Be channels.     

The level structure of69Ge

Theγ-ray decay of the states in⁶⁹Ge has been studied using the reaction⁶⁶Zn(α, nγ)⁶⁹Ge atE _α =13 and 19 MeV. The level scheme and spin assignments were established by means of coincidence measurements, angular distributions and excitation functions. 27 new levels could be found or confirmed. It is suggested that⁶⁹Ge is a further example for the weak coupling phenomenon in the medium mass nuclei. Nuclear Reactions: ⁶⁶Zn(α, nγ)⁶⁹Ge,E _α =13–22 MeV, measuredE _γ ,I _γ ,I _γ (θ),E _γ =f(E _α ),γ-γ coincidences,⁶⁹Ge deduced levels,J, enriched target.     

Electron capture ratios in206Bi

The level scheme of⁹⁷Tc has been investigated by observing theγ-rays following the decay of 2.9-d⁹⁷Ru.γ-singles andγγ-coincidence measurements were carried out with Ge(Li)-detectors. The time difference of coincident γ-rays was measured as a third parameter. From the coincidence events, the intensities ofγγ-cascades were extracted. The⁹⁷Ru decay gives rise to 18γ-lines which could be fitted into a level scheme of⁹⁷Tc consisting of 9 levels. Spin and parity assignments of the levels were made from log(ft) values andγ-ray branching ratios. Discrepancies concerning the energy of the first 3/2^? state and the existence of a 946 keV level are discussed.     

Low-lying excited states of106Ag studied with the103Rh (α,nγ)106Ag and104Pd (α,pnγ)106Ag Reactions

The level scheme of¹⁰⁶Ag has been studied using the¹⁰³Rh(α,nγ)¹⁰⁶Ag and¹⁰⁴Pd(α,pnγ)¹⁰⁶Ag Reactions. The experimental information is taken fromγ-ray coincidence data using Ge(Li)-Ge(Li) and HPGe-planar Ge(Li) configurations andγ-ray angular distributions. With these measurements 126 γ rays have been assigned to¹⁰⁶Ag with 116 deexciting 78 states below 2.26 MeV in excitation. The location of the 8.4-day 6⁺ isomer is established at 89.63±0.09 keV. Many of the low-lying states are interpreted in terms of a slightly deformed rotor model.     

Properties of 81Kr levels populated in the decay of 81Rb isomers

The β⁺ decay of ⁸¹Rb ground and isomeric states (4.58 h and 30.25 min) have been studied with Ge(Li) detectors in both singles and coincidence modes. The decay of the ⁸¹Rb isomer ($\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 30.25 ± 0.25}\text{min}$) has been investigated for the first time. The relative electron intensities of fourteen transitions in ⁸¹Kr have been measured with a magnetic Si(Li) spectrometer and an iron-free toroidal magnetic spectrometer. The internal conversion coefficients have been determined by the normalized electron-to-γ-ray ratio method. The multipolarities of the transitions were deduced. The spin-parity assignments have been made from the consideration of the logft values, the transition multipolarities and the γ-rays branching ratios. The structure of some of the excited states in the ⁸¹Kr nucleus is discussed.     

On the structure of71As and 73As

The structure of the nuclei ⁷¹As and ⁷³As has been investigated by studying the decay of ⁷¹Se, ^73gSe and ^73mSe, the ⁷²Ge(p, 2nγ)⁷¹As reaction, the ⁷³Ge(p, nγ)⁷³As reaction and the ⁷²Ge(³He, d) ⁷³As reaction. Level schemes of ⁷¹As and ⁷³As are constructed on basis of the energies and intensities of the gamma transitions and their coincidence relations. Spins and parities are deduced from log ft values, l-values and the decay properties of the excited states. The measured half-life of the lowest excited state in ⁷¹As is $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 59 ± 10}\text{ns}$. The experimental level-schemes are compared with the predictions of the cluster-vibrational coupling model.     

Der zerfall des J121 (T 1/2=2,12 h)

I¹²¹ was produced by bombarding a target of enriched Te¹²² with deuterons of 25 MeV. Theγ rays associated with the decay of I¹²¹ have been investigated using a Ge(Li) detector and a Ge(Li)-NaI coincidence set up. 58γ transitions ranging from 212.5 to 1841.8 keV have been identified. A decay scheme for the I¹²¹→Te¹²¹ decay which accounts for 50 of the observedγ transitions is proposed.     

Particle × phonon multiplets in 65 147 Tb82

High-spin states of¹¹⁵Sb were studied by inbeamγ-ray spectroscopy using the⁸⁹Y (²⁹Si, 2pn) fusionevaporation reaction at a beam energy of 108 MeV. The experiments includedγ-γ coincidence and directional correlation of oriented nuclei (DCO) ratio measurements using six BGO Compton suppressed Ge detectors. An intruderΔJ=2 rotational band has been identified for the first time and it is interpreted as the h_11/2 proton coupled to a two particle-two hole (2p ? 2h) deformed state of the¹¹⁴Sn core. A ΔJ=1 rotational band based on the 2p ? 1h, π{g ₇ ^2/2 ?g ₉ ^2/?1 }, configuration has been extended to the 29/2⁺ state at an excitation energy of 5241 keV.     

Levels in159Ho as populated from decay of159Er

The level scheme of the odd proton nucleus¹⁵⁹Ho has been investigated using Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors. Results ofγ-ray singles, conversion electron spectra and coincidence experiments are reported. Assignments are made for several energy levels.