Squeezed lattice elliptical-hole holey fiber with extremely high birefringence

A novel highly flat elliptical-hole holey fiber with a squeezed lattice is introduced for achieving extremely high birefringence. The fiber consists of two kinds of elliptical holes with the same major axis length and different minor axis lengths for the core and cladding regions. Numerical results demonstrate a modal birefringence exceeding 0.065.     

八边形高双折射双零色散点光子晶体光纤特性分析

针对光纤通信和传感系统中高双折射、多零色散点的应用需求, 设计了一种新型结构的光子晶体光纤.该结构包层为圆形空气孔按照八边形形状排列而成, 并在内包层对称位置中加入两个椭圆空气孔以获得高双折射特性. 通过有限元数值分析方法对光纤特性进行分析,仿真结果表明,该结构光子晶体光纤在波长0.8—2 μm 范围内双折射可达10^-3量级,满足高双折射的应用需求,并且满足两个零色散点的应用需求. 同时光纤的非线性系数达10^-2·m^-1·W^-1量级,可应用于对非线性要求较高的场合.     

Properties of index-guided PCF with air-core

In the paper, index-guided triangular PCF with air-core is introduced which guides light by total internal reflection (TIR) when the air-core is smaller than the air holes in cladding. Properties of dispersion and leakage loss are investigated using finite-element method. The total dispersion curve gets more flattened and leakage loss increases significantly as the air-core diameter increases. High birefringence PCF with elliptical air-core is put forward and the birefringence increases with the ellipticity of the air-core.     

孪生孔光子晶体光纤

在光子晶体光纤典型的空气孔三角形排布图案中,将每个空气孔替换为一对孪生空气孔对,孪生空气孔对之间有确定的间距和固定的轴向,并由其形成包层的基本单元.在端面中心位置缺失一孪生空气孔对,由高折射率的背景材料将光场束缚于此形成纤芯.在包层中所有的孪生空气孔对按照三角形规则均匀排列.在这种新型结构中,由于所有孪生空气孔对都具有相同轴向而使得两个正交方向上的折射率不对称,从而导致双折射效应.本文利用有限差分法进行数值计算,所设计孪生空气孔对光子晶体光纤在两个正交方向上的折射率差Δneff可达到10－4.孪生空气孔对结构参量可在一定程度上影响双折射效果,增大空气孔或减小孪生空气孔对内部间距都可在一定程度上增大双折射效应.     

Dispersion-flattened polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber for nonlinear applications

In this paper, we propose a novel photonic crystal fiber design to achieve high birefringence, high nonlinearity with a flattened dispersion profile. The air holes which are embedded in silica are arranged in triangular lattice configuration. In the core region, an air hole is introduced as the central defect to flatten the dispersion curve. The shape of the defect air hole is deliberately designed elliptical so that high birefringence in the PCF is obtained for polarization-maintaining purpose. The structural parameters are carefully selected to optimize the optical properties.     

Optimization of highly nonlinear dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation

A simple type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for supercontinuum generation is proposed for the first time. The proposed PCF is composed of a solid silica core and a cladding with square lattice uniform elliptical air holes, which offers not only a large nonlinear coefficient but also a high birefringence and low leakage losses. The PCF with nonlinear coefficient as large as 46 W 1 · km-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 μm and a total dispersion as low as ±2.5 ps · nm-1 · km-1 over an ultra-broad waveband range of the S-C-L band (wavelength from 1.46 μm to 1.625 μm) is optimized by adjusting its structure parameter, such as the lattice constant Λ , the air-filling fraction f , and the air-hole ellipticity η. The novel PCF with ultra-flattened dispersion, highly nonlinear coefficient, and nearly zero negative dispersion slope will offer a possibility of efficient super-continuum generation in telecommunication windows using a few ps pulses.     

基于椭圆孔包层和微型双孔纤芯的新型高双折射光子晶体光纤

设计了一种新型高双折射光子晶体光纤,即其包层引入椭圆形空气孔,且以三角晶格方式周期排列,纤芯引入亚波长尺寸(~0.16 μm)的微型双孔结构阵列.采用全矢量有限元法和各向异性完美匹配层边界条件分析了该型光子晶体光纤的双折射特性和色散特性,详细介绍了该光子晶体光纤在不同的椭圆率、椭圆归一化面积、微型双孔孔径、两小孔之间间距的情况下双折射和限制损耗随波长的变化曲线.模拟结果表明,通过同时在包层和纤芯引入非对称性,获得了较高的双折射(~10^-3量级)和极低(~10^-4 dB/km)的限制损耗.提供了一种新的光子晶体光纤设计方法,即通过同时在包层和纤芯引入新结构来同时获得高双折射和低损耗.     

Phase and group modal birefringence of an index-guiding photonic crystal fibre with helical air holes

In this paper, we propose a novel photonic crystal fibre (PCF) with high phase birefringence and very low group birefringence. It is composed of a solid silica core and a cladding with helix-pattern air holes. Using a full-vector finite-element method, we study the phase and group modal birefringence of such PCF at various air-hole sizes, pitches and wavelengths. Owing to this innovative structure of air holes, a high phase to group modal birefringence rate is obtained. Its phase modal birefringence is as large as 10⁻⁴ magnitude; however, the group modal birefringence of this PCF is at 10⁻⁷-10⁻⁶. The phase birefringence is 2 orders of magnitude larger than group birefringence over a broad wavelength span, which means that the light with different polarization and effective index has almost a same group velocity. As a result, the group modal birefringence that closely relates to the polarization modal dispersion is negligible.     

Highly birefringent elliptical-hole photonic crystal fiber with squeezed hexagonal lattice

We propose a novel polarization-maintaining index-guiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF). It is composed of a solid silica core and a cladding with squeezed-hexagonal-lattice elliptical air holes. Using a full-vector finite-element method, we study the modal birefringence of the fundamental modes in such PCFs. Numerical result shows that very high modal birefringence with a magnitude of the order of 10(-2) around 1550 nm has been obtained. Furthermore, large normal dispersion appears over a wide range of wavelengths in both orthogonal polarizations.     

Elliptical-hole photonic crystal fibers

We study the dispersive properties of photonic crystal fibers (PCF's) with elliptical air holes. The unusual guidance of PCF leads to novel behavior of the birefringence, group-velocity walk-off, and dispersion parameters, including the possibility of zero walk-off with high birefringence in the single-mode regime. A number of these effects are closely tied to the underlying radiation states of the air-hole lattice.     

Highly birefringent soft glass rectangular photonic crystal fibers with elliptical holes

In this paper we report on the fabrication of highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with a photonic cladding composed of elliptical holes ordered in a rectangular lattice. The fiber features a group birefringence G of 0.82×10^?4 at 725 nm. We discuss the influence of structural parameters including the ellipticity of the air holes and the aspect ratio of the rectangular lattice on the birefringence and on the modal properties of the fiber.     

Novel single-mode and polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber

In this paper, we present and propose a novel structure for improved birefringence and single-mode propagation condition photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in a broad range of wavelength. The birefringence of the fundamental mode and single mode property in such a PCF is numerically estimated by employing full vector finite element method (FVFEM) and anisotropic perfectly matched layers (APML). The simulation results illustrate that we can achieve a high birefringence and perfect single-mode condition by employing silica-filled into one-line elliptical air holes parallel to x-axis and rotated by an angle. Obviously, the proposed PCF is quite useful for optical devices.     

Design of Topas microstructured fiber with ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion and high birefringence

A microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) with both ultra-flattened near-zero chromatic dispersion and high birefringence based on Topas cyclic olefin copolymer is designed. Three rings of uniform elliptical air holes are arranged in triangular lattice in the cladding and an extra small defected hole is introduced in the fiber core. Guided modes, dispersion, birefringence and mode confinement properties of the designed mPOF are investigated by using the full-vector finite element method. Dispersion values between ± 0.5 ps/km/nm over the wavelength 1.1-1.7 μm and high birefringence of the order of 10⁻³ are obtained for the optimized fiber structure. Low confinement losses and small effective mode area are obtained at the same time. The relatively simple architecture of the proposed Topas mPOF can be fabricated by our extrusion-stretching techniques.     

太赫兹正六边形光子晶体光纤的液体传感

设计了一种分别填充水、酒精和苯炔等边三角形空气孔纤芯、包层空气孔排列为正六边形结构、以环烯烃共聚物作为基底材料的光子晶体光纤,利用有限元法模拟了0.3~1.5 THz频带内的液体传感特性。结果表明,设计的光子晶体光纤的灵敏度系数很高,当纤芯空气孔直径d₁=2.4 μm、包层空气填充比为0.3时,苯炔在频率0.3 THz的相对灵敏性系数最高为37.63%,在1.5 THz,限制损耗的数量级可以降至10^-7。     

低损宽频高双折射太赫兹光子带隙光纤

设计了一种低损耗、宽频段、高双折射太赫兹光子带隙光纤,呈三角晶格排列的亚波长空气孔包层实现了带隙的局域作用.利用全矢量有限元法对光纤的双折射及损耗特性进行了理论分析.结果表明,在大约0.3 THz的宽频范围内,类矩形纤芯太赫兹光子带隙光纤的损耗小于0.009 cm^-1,相双折射在10^-3数量级,群双折射可达10^-2数量级. 关键词： 太赫兹 太赫兹波导 光子晶体光纤 双折射     

高双折射光子晶体光纤研究

设计了一种高双折射光子晶体光纤(Photonic Crystal Fiber,PCF),即增大两个与纤芯相邻的空气孔直径,使光纤只具有二重对称性,呈现出较高的双折射.通过压缩x轴方向孔间距,进一步增大双折射度.采用全矢量有限单元法(Finite-element Method,FEM),研究了该光子晶体光纤基模对应的相双折射和群双折射,给出了该高双折射PCF双折射随输入光波长的变化曲线.结果获得了10－3量级的高双折射.具有设计参量的该光子晶体光纤结构的相双折射在1 550 nm处可以达到5.0×10－3,在更长的波长处,这一值会更高.     

Ultra-wideband single-polarization single-mode, high nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber

We report a novel design of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a rectangular array of four closely-spaced, highly elliptical air holes in the core region and a circular-air-hole cladding. The proposed PCF is able to support ultra-wideband single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) transmission from the visible band to the near infrared band. With the aid of the inner cladding formed by the central air holes, one polarization of the fundamental mode can be cut off at very short wavelengths and ultra-wideband SPSM propagation can be achieved. The inner cladding also suppresses the higher order modes and allows large air filling fraction in the outer cladding while the proposed fiber remains SPSM, which significantly reduces the mode effective area and the confinement loss. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed PCF has a 1540 nm SMSP range with <0.25 dB/km confinement loss and an effective area of 2.2 μm². Moreover, the group velocity dispersion (GVD) of the proposed PCF can also be tuned to be flat and near zero at the near infrared band (∼800 nm) by optimizing the outer cladding structure, potentially enabling many nonlinear applications.     

压缩六角点阵椭圆孔光子晶体光纤的低色散高双折射效应

设计了一种新型结构低色散高双折射光子晶体光纤,该光纤纤芯缺失一根空气柱,包层沿光纤长度方向排布压缩六角点阵椭圆空气孔.采用全矢量平面波法,对其色散和双折射特性进行了数值模拟.研究发现,通过改变光纤结构参数,即改变六角点阵压缩比ξ、相对孔间隔f和空气孔椭圆率η,可以调节该光纤低色散高双折射工作波长.若调整光纤结构参数ξ=048, f=035, η=055, x方向孔间隔Λ_x=12　μm时,该光纤呈现低色散高双折射效应,在1360—167 关键词： 导波与光纤光学 全矢量平面波法 低色散高双折射 六角点阵压缩比     

Mid-infrared high birefringence bow-tie-type Ge20Sb15Se65 based PCF with large nonlinearity by using hexagonal elliptical air hole

A high birefringence Ge₂₀Sb₁₅Se₆₅ based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed. It consists of a central defect core surrounded by two kinds of elliptical air holes with different size. The Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) is used to simulate the guided modes of the designed PCF. The properties of this PCF are investigated including the birefringence, nonlinearity, and polarization mode dispersion in the mid-infrared range. The results show that for the optimized structure parameters, the highest birefringence of 0.1176 is obtained. The maximum nonlinearity coefficients of 38390 w^?1km^?1 and 49760 w^?1km^?1 for x- and y-polarization modes are achieved.     

高双折射的混合格子太赫兹光子晶体光纤的设计与研究

提出了一种新型高双折射的混合格子太赫兹光子晶体光纤,通过对芯区亚波长尺寸的空气孔进行多种格子组合排列,增加结构的非对称性实现高的模式双折射. 全文仿真建模采用专业的有限元计算软件COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0,结果表明:混合格子太赫兹光子晶体光纤在很宽的频率范围内都具有较高的双折射(达到10^-2)和低的限制损耗,且通过改变光纤的某些参数可以灵活地控制其双折射或限制损耗特性. 相比于同类光通信波段光纤,由于太赫兹波波长较大,能够降低芯区微结构加工的难度,具有可行性. 关键词： 双折射 混合格子 太赫兹光子晶体光纤 限制损耗