微米级MEL分子筛聚集体的制备

使用四丁基氢氧化铵-正硅酸四乙酯-水（TBAOH-TEOS-H₂O）简单体系一步水热制备了具有多级孔道的微米级MEL结构分子筛聚集体. 得到的silicalite-2 微米球直径大于10 μm且具有高达460 m²·g^-1的比表面积和0.74 cm³·g^-1的孔体积. 微米球的生成一定程度上解决了催化应用过程中催化剂的分离和回收问题. 同时,水热晶化过程中由纳米粒子自组装而成的晶间介孔缩短了反应物分子的扩散路径,保持了分子筛纳米晶粒的优势. 此外,钛活性位的引入并未明显影响MEL微米球的形貌和结构,含钛的MEL微米球TS（钛硅分子筛）-2在苯酚羟基化反应中具有与纳米尺寸TS-1（100-200 nm）相当的催化活性,且TS-2 可以通过简单过滤得到,简化了纳米级TS-1的分离和回收过程.     

晶种协同廉价有机模板导向合成高纯度MCM-49沸石

采用廉价低毒性的环己胺（CHA）作为有机模板剂,并合理添加少量MCM-49沸石晶种,在静态水热条件下成功合成了高纯度MCM-49沸石.研究了起始凝胶组成（如Al₂O₃/SiO₂,H₂O/SiO₂,CHA/SiO₂,晶种/SiO₂,Na₂O/SiO₂）、晶化温度和时间等因素对合成MCM-49沸石的影响.通过XRD、SEM、N₂吸附、固体²⁷Al和²⁹Si MAS NMR等手段表征产物,结果表明合成的MCM-49沸石具有良好的结晶度、均匀的晶体尺寸、高比表面积和纯的四配位Al³⁺物种.热重差热分析（TG-DTA）和固体¹³C MAS NMR表征结果证实CHA是作为模板剂填充在沸石产物的孔道内.这种合成MCM-49的方法具有廉价和低毒性的特点,对其产业应用有潜在的重要价值.     

预处理对TS-1/硅藻土催化剂性能的影响

以固定床催化苯酚羟基化制苯二酚为目标反应，制备了负载型TS-1/硅藻土催化剂。运用FT-IR、XRD、UV-Vis、ICP-AES和NH₃-TPD等表征手段，研究了预处理介质对TS-1/硅藻土催化剂物化和催化性能的影响。研究表明，用KAc、NaAc、NH₄Ac、NH₄Cl和HNO₃水溶液预处理催化剂后，对TS-1分子筛的骨架结构和骨架Ti的存在无明显影响，但可脱除部分非骨架TiO₂，使催化剂的表面     

Cu-ETS-10催化NH3选择性还原NOx性能

采用离子交换法制备了Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛催化剂,该催化剂对于NH₃选择性催化还原（SCR）NO_x反应具有较高的催化活性、N₂选择性和抗SO₂性能.结果表明,Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛具有丰富的微孔结构和较高的比表面积（288-380m²/g）;原子发射光谱、程序升温还原技术和原位红外漫反射等表征结果表明,Cu在Cu-ETS-10钛硅分子筛中具有多种存在形态,其中Cu²⁺物种为Cu-ETS-10的活性中心,其含量随Cu含量的增加而先增后降,与催化活性的变化趋势一致.     

31P MAS NMR固体核磁共振研究稀土改性Y分子筛的酸性

以三甲基磷氧（TMPO）和三丁基磷氧（TBPO）为探针分子,用³¹P魔角旋转核磁共振（³¹P MAS NMR）法对稀土改性Y型分子筛的酸性进行了定性和定量分析. 结果表明,以TMPO为探针分子的³¹P MAS NMR谱分别在δ = 78,70,65,62,58,55和53处存在与酸中心相关的吸收峰,其中δ = 78和70处吸收峰与分子筛内部和外部酸性有关,δ = 65,62,58和53处吸收峰归属于TMPO在分子筛内部Brönsted酸中心上的贡献,δ = 55处吸收峰归属于TMPO在分子筛内部Lewis酸中心上的贡献. 随着稀土含量的增加,中等强度Brönsted酸中心（δ = 62和58）数量显著增加,而强Brönsted酸中心（δ = 65）和较弱Lewis酸中心（δ = 55）数量显著降低. 结合分子筛骨架铝和非骨架铝对分子筛酸性的影响进一步探讨了稀土改型Y分子筛的酸性.     

介孔调变对CuY催化剂甲醇氧化羰基化反应活性的影响

碱溶液处理NaY分子筛形成的介孔有利于反应物及产物分子的扩散,调节碱溶液浓度可控制Y分子筛中的介孔结构,通过溶液离子交换法制备CuY催化剂,研究了NaY分子筛介孔结构调变对CuY催化剂催化甲醇氧化羰基化反应活性的影响。通过BET、²⁹Si-NMR、XRD、NH3/CO-TPD、H₂-TPR和TEM等表征及催化活性分析表明,在碱溶液处理过程中,NaY分子筛骨架中的Si（0Al）和Si（1Al）原子被优先脱除,且笼结构坍塌使得临近超笼连接,逐步形成直径为3.47~3.66 nm,孔容介于0.142~0.226 cm³·g^-1的介孔,在提高反应物分子和产物分子扩散性能的同时,提高了活性物种的可接近性。随着碱液浓度的增加,CuY催化剂的催化活性先升高后降低。当碱液浓度为0.2 mol·L^-1时,NaY分子筛介孔直径为3.47 nm,孔容达到最大（0.226 cm³·g^-1）,相应CuY催化剂DMC的时空收率、选择性和甲醇转化率分别达到204.0 mg·g^-1·h^-1、67.8%和14.0%,活性最佳。     

十一钨钛杂多酸盐MnXW11TiO40(X=Si, B, Zn)的合成及其氧化还原性质

本文报道了十一钨钛杂多酸盐M_nXW₁₁TiO₄₀·XH₂O(X=B, Si, Zn; M=K, H)的合成方法及其氧化还原性质。三种杂多酸盐的 ¹⁸³W NMR谱均是六线谱,表明其阴离子仍保持Keggin结构。合成的化合物对烯烃环氧化反应具有催化作用。     

酸处理对CuY催化剂孔结构及氧化羰基化性能的影响

对NaY分子筛(n_Si/n_Al=2.65)进行了草酸脱铝处理并作为载体采用液相离子交换法制备CuY催化剂,应用于常压甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应。NaY分子筛及其CuY催化剂通过N₂低温吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、²⁹Si固体核磁共振、NH₃吸附程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H₂程序升温还原、原子吸收等方法进行表征。研究结果表明,酸处理NaY分子筛后,骨架铝被脱除,导致骨架n_Si/n_Al比增加、相对结晶度降低并产生介孔,有利于产物分子的扩散,从而影响催化活性。采用4 h、2 mol·L^-1草酸处理NaY分子筛作为载体制备的CuY催化剂显示出较高的催化性能,DMC时空收率和甲醇转化率分别从103.6 mg·g^-1·h^-1和6.3%增加到184.9 mg·g^-1·h^-1和10.2%。产生的介孔能够促进催化剂中铜活性位的可接近性及反应物分子和产物分子的扩散。     

酸处理对CuY催化剂孔结构及氧化羰基化性能的影响

对NaY分子筛(n_Si/n_Al=2.65)进行了草酸脱铝处理并作为载体采用液相离子交换法制备CuY催化剂, 应用于常压甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应。NaY分子筛及其CuY催化剂通过N₂低温吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、²⁹Si固体核磁共振、NH₃吸附程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H₂程序升温还原、原子吸收等方法进行表征。研究结果表明, 酸处理NaY分子筛后, 骨架铝被脱除, 导致骨架n_Si/n_Al比增加、相对结晶度降低并产生介孔, 有利于产物分子的扩散, 从而影响催化活性。采用4 h、2 mol·L^-1草酸处理NaY分子筛作为载体制备的CuY催化剂显示出较高的催化性能, DMC时空收率和甲醇转化率分别从103.6 mg·g^-1·h^-1和6.3%增加到184.9 mg·g^-1·h^-1和10.2%。产生的介孔能够促进催化剂中铜活性位的可接近性及反应物分子和产物分子的扩散。     

Al-TS-1的合成及催化氧化性能

系统研究了Al掺杂TS-1(Al-TS-1)分子筛的合成及其催化氧化性能,采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、扫描电镜、²⁷Al和²⁹Si固体核磁共振等手段对Al-TS-1样品进行了表征.结果表明,在合成过程中,Al的引入会影响TS-1中骨架Ti的形成,但当Al含量低于一定值(Al/Si≤0.005)时,其影响很小.Al-TS-1中骨架Al和骨架Ti均不对其相应的酸催化和催化氧化作用产生影响.骨架Al抑制了Al-TS-1在碱性应用体系中的与Ti相邻Si的溶脱,从而保护了骨架Ti活性中心.     

Characterization of titanium silicalite using TS-1-modified carbon paste electrodes

Cyclic voltammetry has been used to characterize the redox system Ti⁴⁺/Ti³⁺ inside the channels of the titanosilicalite TS-1. Ti⁴⁺ ions, which are believed to be incorporated in the zeolite framework, can easily be reduced and oxidized. The charge imbalance resulting from the reduction of Ti⁴⁺ to Ti³⁺ is compensated by the electrolyte cations migrating through the porous structure of the material. The intensity of the electrochemical current is proportional to the fraction of titanium atoms substituting silicon atoms in the lattice.     

Voltammetric characterization of structural titanium species in zeotypes

Ti⁴⁺ ions structurally contained in titanium silicalite (TS-1) and ETS-10 samples, two nanoporous materials, have been studied by means of voltammetric measurements. Both structurally tetrahedral and octahedral Ti⁴⁺ ions show electrochemical response. In particular, by using acid solutions, it was possible to distinguish, in TS-1, between signals coming from different titanium species. Finally, it has been proven that the use of acid solutions allows us to discriminate between Ti⁴⁺ ions in TS-1 and in ETS-10 since only the former is able to coordinate water molecules, the reduction of which can be monitored by the presence of a peak at −600 mV/SSE.     

Microwave synthesis,characterization and catalytic properties of titanium-incorporated ZSM-5 zeolite

Titanium-incorporated ZSM-5 zeolites (Si/Al = 50–200 and Si/Ti = 70) were successfully synthesized in a one-step sol-gel process under microwave irradiation. The characteristics of Ti-ZSM-5 zeolites were investigated using X-ray power diffraction, UV/Vis-DRS, FT-IR spectroscopy and solid-state ²⁷Al-NMR to monitor the physico-chemical properties. Simultaneously, the acidic properties were characterized by the NH₃-TPD profile. The characterization results revealed that the Ti⁴⁺ and Al³⁺ ions were well incorporated into the framework of Ti-ZSM-5 zeolite. The prepared zeolite was moderately active but selective in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether.     

A single crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction study on NASICON-type Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) crystals: Implications on ionic conductivity

Single crystals of NASICON-type material Li_1+xTi_2−xAl_x(PO₄)₃ (LATP) with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were successfully grown using long-term sintering techniques. Sample material was studied by chemical analysis, single crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction. The Ti⁴⁺ replacement scales very well with the Al³⁺ and Li⁺ incorporation. The additional Li⁺ thereby enters the M3 cavity of the NASICON framework at x, y, z ∼ (0.07, 0.34, 0.09) and is regarded to be responsible for the enhanced Li⁺ conduction of LATP as compared to Al-free LTP. Variations in structural parameters, associated with the Ti⁴⁺ substitution with Al³⁺ + Li⁺ will be discussed in detail in this paper.     

Investigating the local structure of B-site cations in (1-x)BaTiO3–xBiScO3 and (1-x)PbTiO3–xBiScO3 using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

The structural properties of (1-x)BaTiO₃–xBiScO₃ and (1-x)PbTiO₃–xBiScO₃ were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Diffraction measurements confirmed that substituting small amounts of BiScO₃ into BaTiO₃ initially stabilizes a cubic phase at x = 0.2 before impurity phases begin to form at x = 0.5. BiScO₃ substitution also resulted in noticeable changes in the local coordination environment of Ti⁴⁺. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis showed that replacing Ti⁴⁺ with Sc³⁺ results in an increase in the off-centre displacement of Ti⁴⁺ cations. Surprisingly, BiScO₃ substitution has no effect on the displacement of the Ti⁴⁺ cation in the (1-x)PbTiO₃–xBiScO₃ solid solution.     

Highly efficient heterogeneous acylations of aromatic compounds with acid anhydrides and carboxylic acids by montmorillonite-enwrapped titanium as a solid acid catalyst

Montmorillonite-enwrapped titanium hydroxide species (Ti⁴⁺-mont) acted as a highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalyst for the acylation of aromatic compounds with acid anhydrides or carboxylic acids. The catalytic activity of the Ti⁴⁺-mont was higher than those of other acid catalysts such as zeolites, SO ₄ ²⁻ /ZrO₂ and p-toluenesulfonic acid. For example, the reaction of anisole with dodecanoic acid in the presence of the Ti⁴⁺-mont catalyst gave 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-dodecanone in 97% yield. Furthermore, the Ti⁴⁺-mont catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture and was recyclable.     

Preparation of monodisperse immobilized Ti affinity chromatography microspheres for specific enrichment of phosphopeptides

This study presented an approach to prepare monodisperse immobilized Ti⁴⁺ affinity chromatography (Ti⁴⁺-IMAC) microspheres for specific enrichment of phosphopeptides in phosphoproteome analysis. Monodisperse polystyrene seed microspheres with a diameter of ca. 4.8 μm were first prepared by a dispersion polymerization method. Monodisperse microspheres with a diameter of ca. 13 μm were prepared using the seed microspheres by a single-step swelling and polymerization method. Ti⁴⁺ ion was immobilized after chemical modification of the microspheres with phosphonate groups. The specificity of the Ti⁴⁺-IMAC microspheres to phosphopeptides was demonstrated by selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from mixture of tryptic digests of α-casein and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at molar ratio of 1 to 500 by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The sensitivity of detection for phosphopeptides determined by MALDI-TOF MS was as low as 5 fmol for standard tryptic digest of β-casein. The Ti⁴⁺-IMAC microspheres were compared with commercial Fe³⁺-IMAC adsorbent and homemade Zr⁴⁺-IMAC microspheres for enrichment of phosphopeptides. The phosphopeptides and non-phosphopeptides identified by Fe³⁺-IMAC, Zr⁴⁺-IMAC and Ti⁴⁺-IMAC methods were 26, 114, 127 and 181, 11, 11 respectively for the same tryptic digest samples. The results indicated that the Ti⁴⁺-IMAC had the best performance for enrichment of phosphopeptides.     

Molecular Design Strategy for Ordered Mesoporous Stoichiometric Metal Oxide

A molecular design strategy is used to construct ordered mesoporous Ti³⁺‐doped Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanocrystal frameworks (OM‐Ti³⁺‐Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) by the stoichiometric cationic coordination assembly process. Ti⁴⁺/Li⁺‐citrate chelate is designed as a new molecular precursor, in which the citrate can not only stoichiometrically coordinate Ti⁴⁺ with Li⁺ homogeneously at the atomic scale, but also interact strongly with the PEO segments in the Pluronic F127. These features make the co‐assembly and crystallization process more controllable, thus benefiting for the formation of the ordered mesostructures. The resultant OM‐Ti³⁺‐Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ shows excellent rate (143 mAh g^?1 at 30 C) and cycling performances (<0.005 % fading per cycle). This work could open a facile avenue to constructing stoichiometric ordered mesoporous oxides or minerals with highly crystalline frameworks.     

Preparation of transition metal orthophosphates, MPO4, and their magnetic properties

Transition metal orthophosphates with CrVO₄-type structure were prepared under various oxygen partial pressures. Lattice constants are a = 5.299, b = 7.910, and c = 6.368 Å for titanium phosphate and a = 5.230, b = 7.772, and c = 6.284 Å for VPO₄, respectively. The titanium phosphate was found to contain titanium vacancies. Magnetic susceptibility of VPO₄ showed a broad maximum at about 140K because of its one-dimensional structure. The titanium phosphate had a nearly temperature-independent susceptibility over a wide temperature range. This suggests the existence of Ti³⁺Ti³⁺ homopolar bonds, but part of the bonds are broken by defects and subsequently isolated Ti³⁺ ions are produced in the structure. At low temperature, Ti⁴⁺-□-Ti⁴⁺ clusters would exist and cause a sharp decrease of the magnetic susceptibility. The temperature dependence of the EPR spectrum and magnetic susceptibility indicate gradual breakdown of Ti³⁺Ti³⁺ bonding.