Reversed‐phase ion‐pair high‐performance liquid chromatography assay of polyprenyl diphosphate oligomer homologues

A reversed‐phase ion‐pair high‐performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed for the separation of polyprenyl diphosphate oligomer homologues obtained chemically from plant polyprenols. Tetrabutylammonium phosphate was used as the ion‐pair reagent, and the dependence of the separation quality on pH of ion‐pair reagent was investigated for the first time. The procedure is applicable for the control of commercial available polyprenyl monophosphates (the active components of veterinary drugs Phosprenyl and Gamapren) for the possible presence of polyprenyl diphosphate byproducts.     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the sesquiterpene fraction from Annona reticulata L. bark

The sesquiterpene fraction of Annona reticulata bark was studied by GC/MS. Three major components were identified: copaene (35.40%), patchoulane (13.49%) and 1H-cycloprop(e)azulene (22.77%). The fraction was also screened for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The sesquiterpene fraction at doses 12.5 and 25?mg?kg?1 and the unsaponified petroleum ether extract at a dose of 50?mg?kg?1 exhibited significant central as well as peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. These activities were comparable with the standard drugs used in the respective experiments.     

Polyprenols from leaves and stems of the plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Althaea officinalis</Emphasis>

Polyprenols from the aerial part of the plant Althaea officinalis were studied. It was shown that polyprenols from leaves were polyprenol homologs with 9–13 isoprene units where undecaprenol dominated. The polyprenol contents in leaves and stems and the component composition of polyprenols of this plant were determined.     

Polyprenols from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Althaea armeniaca</Emphasis> leaves

The accumulation dynamics of polyprenols in leaves of 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old Althaea armeniaca growing in Tashkent were studied according to vegetative phase. Optimal conditions for isolating the polyprenols were determined. It has been shown that the content of polyprenols was highest during fruiting in the second year of growth.     

Chemical composition of dry extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcea rosea</Emphasis>

Dry extracts from roots and stems of Alcea rosea were prepared. Their chemical composition was studied by characterizing the carbohydrate, protein, and elemental compositions. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 417–419, September–October, 2007.     

Determination and purification of sesamin and sesamolin in sesame seed oil unsaponified matter using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography

In Asian countries, sesame seed oil unsaponified matter is used as a natural food additive due to its associated antioxidant effects. We determined and purified the primary lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame seed oil unsaponified matter using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. Calibration curves showed good correlation coefficients (r² > 0.999, range 0.08 and/or 0.15 to 5 μg/mL) with a limit of detection (at 290 nm) of 0.02 μg/mL for sesamin and 0.04 μg/mL for sesamolin. Sesame seed oil unsaponified matter contained 2.82% sesamin and 2.54% sesamolin, respectively. Direct qualitative analysis of sesamin and sesamolin was achieved using quadrupole mass spectrometry with positive‐mode electrospray ionization. Pure (>99%) sesamin and sesamolin standards were obtained using high‐speed countercurrent chromatographic purification (hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water; 7:3:7:3). An effective method for determining and purifying sesamin and sesamolin from sesame seed oil unsaponified matter was developed by combining these separation techniques for standardized food additives.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus tuberosus</Emphasis> tubers

Free and bound lipids from Helianthus tuberosus tubers were investigated. Neutral, glyco-and phospholipid classes and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The composition of unsaponified substances was established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–4, January–February, 2008.     

Lipids and lipophilic components from seeds of some fruit plants

Lipids and lipophilic components from seeds of grape seeds and apricot, almond, and peach pits were studied. The compositions of fatty acids and unsaponified oil compounds were established. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 269–271, May–June, 2009.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermopsis alterniflora</Emphasis> bean seeds and shells

The lipid groups and fatty-acid composition of Thermopsis alterniflora (Leguminosae) bean seeds and shells were established. It was shown that shell lipids have a greater content of unsaponified substances, galactolipids, and esterfied unsaturated 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 acids (75% total) than seed lipids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 438–440, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

沉积物和原油中常见含氧化合物的分离分析

将沉积物抽提物和原油中复杂的非烃组成分离为酸性、中性I和中性Ⅱ3个馏分。各馏分经GC／MS分析证实羟酸和极性较大的多元醇和酮进入酸性馏分,一元酮、酯和直接一元醇进入中性馏分I,而甾醇类化合物进入中性瘤分Ⅱ。各类化合物分段清晰,没有同一化合物在不同馏分中出现的现象,且分离过程中各化合物的比例基本保持不变。本文选用地质体中今未见析出的二十二烯酸,5α（H）－雄甾－17－酮和5α（H）－3β－醇分别作为各馏分的内标化合物,定量效果好,并首次为甾醇类化合物找到了较理想的内标物。本方法经近百个样品的分离分析证实效果良好。     

裸花紫珠抗炎作用及增强免疫功能的实验研究

研究了裸花紫珠的抗炎作用及对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,裸花紫珠能明显抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足跖肿胀,表明其具有良好的抗炎作用;裸花紫珠能增加小鼠碳粒廓清指数,表明其可增强机体免疫能力。     

Comparison of Some Secondary Metabolites in Cotton Leaves That Differ in Genetic Markers

The change in the content of sterols, tocopherols, and polyprenols during three phases of cotton ontogenesis that differ in genetic markers was studied. The content of these components of self-marking strains and their parental varieties is compared     

Investigation of antiplasmodial efficacy of lupeol and ursolic acid isolated from Ficus benjamina leaves extract

Abstract

This study emphasizes on the investigation of antiplasmodial activity of triterpenoids isolated from Ficus benjamina leaves. An unsaponified fraction of petroleum ether extract of plant leaves was subjected to silica gel column chromatography which led to the isolation of two known triterpenoids; namely ursolic acid and lupeol. These compounds were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity by schizont maturation inhibition assay using 3D7 Plasmodium strains. Both, ursolic acid and lupeol were found to exhibit significant antiplasmodial effect with an IC₅₀ value of 18?µg/ml and 3.8?µg/ml, respectively. This study further confirms the traditional role of Ficus benjamina plant in the treatment of malaria which may be attributed to ursolic acid and lupeol.     

Physical gelation of water‐borne thermosetting resins by percolation theory—Urea‐formaldehyde,melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde,and melamine‐formaldehyde resins

Percolation and effective‐medium theories are applied for calculating the connectivity threshold of colloid particles of given shapes, observed during the physical gelation, distinguished from chemical gelation, of aminoplastic resins. The rigidity threshold, being the critical solid fraction at which a rigid network is first formed, was also calculated. For that purpose, it was assumed that the central forces that act between the colloidal particles and aggregates were not alone, thus corresponding to the case of physical gelation. It was shown that the observed change of morphology exhibited by such particles and aggregates as a function of time, from elongated to spherical, significantly delays the gel point. Consequently, the latter occurs only after a rather high fraction of solid phase (typically from 30 to 60%) is formed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 971–978, 2008     

Lipophilic components from the Ecuadorian plant Schistocarpha eupatorioides

Phytochemical investigation of secondary metabolites of the Ecuadorian plant Schistocarpha eupatorioides (Fenzl) Kuntze (Asteraceae) afforded three phytyl fatty acid esters along with a mixture of unidentified polyprenols, the very well known sterols beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, and their corresponding fatty acid esters and glucosyl derivatives. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic means. In addition, a volatile fraction was separated the composition of which, comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the main fraction, was determined by GC-MS.     

Chemische Vitamin D<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Bestimmung in Lebertran

The different aspects of Vitamin D₃ determination and the data reported in the literature are discussed. The spectrophotometric determination of Vitamin D₃ in cod-liver oil is carried out after the alkaline saponification, extraction of unsaponified parts, precipitation of accompanying sterols and the column- and thin-layer chromatographic purification and separation of vitamin D₃ on 40 cm plates from other vitamins. The dyestuff α-naphtholbenzein is suited well as standard substance for the better location and identification of vitamin D₃ zone on the thin-layer plate. The results obtained from the chemical method were checked through the simultaneous biological determination.     

Chromatography of long chain alcohols (polyprenols) from animal and plant sources.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of existing chromatographic methods for the analysis of long chain alcohols (polyprenols) from animal and plant sources. After a brief introductory discussion on the biological aspects of the polyprenols, the review focuses on various techniques for the isolation, purification, chromatographic separation and detection of polyprenols.     

Saturated long-chain hydrocarbons from Annona squamosa L. bark

The unsaponified chloroform extract of Annona squamosa L. bark has been analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and was shown to consist of the conventional, even carbon number dominant distribution of saturated n-alkane homologues (C₁₄–C₂₆). The heptadecane (5.75%) was the only odd carbon number hydrocarbon. The total amount of hydrocarbons found in the unsaponified chloroform extract was 24.60%.     

Non‐polar lipids characterization of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seed by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization/mass spectrometry detection and non‐aqueous reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection

A chemical characterization of major lipid components, namely, triacylglycerols, fatty acids and the unsaponifiable fraction, in a Quinoa seed lipids sample is reported. To tackle such a task, non‐aqueous reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection was employed. The latter was interfaced with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the analysis of triacylglycerols. The main triacylglycerols (>10%) were represented by OLP, OOL and OLL (P = palmitoyl, O = oleoyl, L = linoleoyl); the latter was present in the oil sample at the highest percentage (18.1%). Furthermore, fatty acid methyl esters were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. 89% of the total fatty acids was represented by unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters with the greatest percentage represented by linoleic and oleic acids accounting for approximately 48 and 28%, respectively. An extensive characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction of Quinoa seed lipids was performed for the first time, by using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with dual mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection. Overall, 66 compounds of the unsaponifiable fraction were tentatively identified, many constituents of which (particularly sterols) were confirmed by using gas chromatography with high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.     

Solid-phase organic synthesis of polyisoprenoid alcohols with traceless sulfone linker

Solid-phase organic synthesis of polyprenols with a traceless sulfone linker is described. The polymer-bound benezenesulfinate is first linked with the "tail" building blocks of isoprenyl chlorides via S-alkylation. With use of dimsyl anion as an appropriate base, the polymer-bound alpha-sulfonyl carbanion is generated and coupled with other "body" building blocks in an efficient manner. After repeated processes and a global palladium-catalyzed desulfonation with LiEt 3BH as the reducing agent, the desired polyprenols with various chain lengths and geometrical configurations are obtained in 32-59% overall yields. The solid-phase synthesis offers the advantage in facile isolation of polyprenols without tedious operation or time-consuming purification.