全场数字化测量光弹性等倾角的五步彩色相移法

通过把相移法与光学彩色信息图像处理技术相结合 ,提出了一种确定全场光弹性等倾角的五步彩色相移法。模型置于白光照射下 ,在起偏镜与分析镜不同设置的平面偏振光场中 ,用彩色数码照相机分别采集五幅等色线与等倾线相耦合的条纹图 ,根据相移法基本原理 ,就可以确定在 0～π/2范围内的等倾角。经过对径压缩圆盘的检验 ,实验结果与理论完全相符。该方法改进了单色光相移法的不足 ,对实验应力分析及其在工程结构强度设计中的应用将起积极的促进作用     

平面偏振光场光弹性实时相移法

光弹性法可广泛用于二维、三维应力或应变场的研究。根据偏振相移法的原理,提出一种新的积分相移法,并设计了用于全场等倾线和等差线实时分析的光弹性仪。在正交偏振光场下,按一定速度同步旋转起偏镜和分析镜,CCD摄像机可连续获取四幅相移光弹图像,由CCD像敏单元积分获得其光强值,通过所提出的相移法运算,可以迅速地得出全场等倾角和等差线的相位值。该方法和装置不仅可用于光学原件及玻璃制品的高速检测,而且也可用于随时间缓慢变化的光弹性分析中。     

数字光弹性中六步混合相移技术

数字光弹性应力分析中常用相移法确定等倾线和等差线,最广泛应用的是十步相移法,针对单色光入射引起的等倾线耦合等差线的问题,增加采集白光入射4幅图像,使用不同光弹图像集分别计算等倾线和等差线,测量精度更高但操作复杂、效率较低。本文提出一种优化的六步混合相移方法,将十步相移法的6+4测量方法缩减为3+3的六步测量方法。用仿真模拟实验对本文方法进行误差分析,验证了其具有良好的抗噪性能和相移误差抗干扰能力。真实实验结果表明：与传统六步相移法相比,本文方法有效解决了等倾线耦合等差线以及波片失配误差的问题;与十步相移法相比,本文方法与其等倾线平均偏差约为0.01 rad,等差线平均偏差约为0.09 rad,在提高40%采集效率的同时保证了测量精度。     

相移法获取三维光弹特征相位差的方法

对于三维光弹模型,次主应力及其方向沿入射光连续变化,根据光学等效的原理,可以将三维光弹模型等效为一个包含线性相位延迟器和旋光器的光学模型。在集成光弹法中,对于每一个测量点,研究者必需通过实验获取三个特征参数。提出了一种用于确定集成光弹中全场特征相位差的五步相移法,给出了偏振光场中元器件的设置方法,并运用Jones算子推导出相移法得出的光强公式。最后使用斜射法对径向受压圆盘进行实验,验证了方法的有效性。     

数字光弹性中五步彩色相移法及其应用

把相移法与光学彩色信息图像处理技术相结合,提出全场数字化确定主方向角的光弹性五步彩色相移法。其主要优点是采用最简单的白光平面偏振仪光学系统,由数码照相机采集五幅等色线与等倾线相互耦合的彩色条纹图,经计算机进行处理后,就可以得到[O～π／2]范围内单纯连续的等倾角相图;为了减少测量误差,在相移法中引入背景光强参与运算。对实验中存在的三种主要误差因素进行了定量分析,给出了具体的误差控制指标。用对径压缩圆盘问题的理论仿真模拟结果、基本实验和复杂平面及空间实际问题进行检验和对比,表明本方法是正确可行的。     

光弹性法中时间边缘效应数学模型和应用研究

在光弹性实验中,模型边缘会产生随时间增长的条纹,它干扰正常的由外载荷引起的应力条纹,给实验带来误差。根据时间边缘效应产生的原因建立了时效数学模型,通过对比根据建立的数学模型模拟的等差线和实验得到的等差线,可以验证所建立的数学模型能够准确地反映出时效的特征,并尝试运用数字光弹性相移法去除时效的影响。     

光的干涉与衍射

将相移法与光学彩色信息图像处理技术相结合,提出全场数字化确定主方向角的光弹性五步彩色相移法。其主要优点是采用最简单的白光平面偏振仪光学系统,由数码照相机采集五幅等色线与等倾线相互辆合的彩色条纹图,经计算机进行处理后,就可以得到【o~二/2〕范围内单纯连续的等倾角相图;为了减少测量误差.在相移法中引人背景光强参与     

平面偏振光场光弹性实时相移法的误差分析

研究了在获取图像的过程中转角变化、偏振片方位角误差及试件所受的载荷变化对平面偏振光场光弹性实时相移法的影响。通过理论分析与数值模拟,讨论了在不同条件下等倾角相位误差。等倾角相位误差随着每场转角变化的增加而增大;偏振镜方位角误差使等倾角相位产生平移;试件所受的载荷变化会引起所采集的光弹性图像误差,对等倾角的计算结果会产生较大的影响。研究结果对合理设计光弹性实验装置、正确评价和执行实验技术具有积极的指导作用。     

实时确定光弹性参数的积分相移法

积分相移法可以实时测量光弹性参数,在光弹性实验的某些变载测试中将有一定的发展潜力。推导了积分相移法三种典型算法,通过对径压缩圆盘问题的理论仿真模拟,考察了载荷变化对积分相移法的影响,给出了降低这种影响的具体措施。     

基于图像处理的光弹应力测量实验

利用光弹法获取非晶体各向同性圆片对径受压时的偏振干涉图,通过Matlab对手机采集的等差线图像进行滤波,借助PS对CCD记录的等倾线图像进行边缘锐化等算法处理。最后再使用Matlab完成后续数据提取,进行插值拟合,定量计算了规则薄圆片在不同对径压力下的内应力分布,并与弹性力学解的理论值进行对比。结果表明,该方法通过利用实验室普及的软硬件,得到的材料内应力分布能够准确反映各向同性对径受压圆盘内部应力变化规律,且对径压力越大,与理论值的偏差越小。提及的等差线、等倾线图像处理方法同样适用于其他形状的样品。     

Numerical analysis of phase-stepping interferometric photoelasticity for plane stress separation

A phase-stepping method for interferometric photoelasticity is proposed to determinate whole-field plane stress components. Isopachic phase can be obtained by rotating polarizer, second quarter-wave plate and analyzer at definite optical arrangements. On the other hand, isochromatic and isoclinic phases can be determined in a circular polariscope arrangement. Furthermore, a load-stepping method is adopted to overcome the wrong mathematic sign of the isochromatics in the ambiguity regions and the influence of initial interferometric fringes on the isopachics. Light intensities and phase-stepping formula for the proposed method are derived using Jones calculus. Simulation of a circular disk under diametral compression demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.     

Whole-field determination of isoclinic parameter by five-step color phase shifting and its error analysis

Combining color imaging with phase shifting, a technique named five-step color phase shifting is presented to determine the whole-field isoclinic parameter. Relevant theory is derived and explicit conditions for directly determining the isoclinic parameter in the range of [0,π/2] are given. The unloaded light intensity of the model is systematically studied. A color camera recorded five isoclinic images coupled with isochromatics from a plane polariscope with five different settings, respectively. Experiments have been carried out with a circular disk under diametral compression and errors have been analyzed and estimated. This technique utilizes white light, which avoids undefined isoclinics near the locations where the isochromatics exist and will have active effect on experimental stress analysis and structural strength design.     

Automatic evaluation of photoelastic fringe constant by the nonlinear least-squares method

A nonlinear least-squares method was applied to determine the photoelastic fringe constant from isochromatic phase field obtained by digital phase-shifting photoelasticity. To perform automatic evaluation, not only the photoelastic fringe constant but the center coordinates of a disk under diametral compression are also determined simultaneously using the nonlinear least-squares method. A set of over-determined nonlinear equations is obtained to estimate the unknown parameters by an iterative procedure based on Newton–Raphson method. Simulation and experimental results show that the parameters are evaluated accurately from the isochromatic phase field obtained from the phase-shifting photoelasticity. The photoelastic fringe constant and the disk center coordinates can be evaluated easily, simply and automatically by the technique.     

Study of shear transfer in Al/epoxy joint by digital photoelasticity

An improved six-step phase-shifting method is proposed for calculating full-field shear stress based on a four-step color phase-shifting method in digital photoelasticity. The method was verified using a disk under diametral compression and then applied to an aluminum alloy/epoxy joint for studying the shear transfer behavior. Experimental results revealed that the isochromatic fringe order and shear stress at the bonding interface are distributed continuously and increased with compression. In particular, an antisymmetric thermal residual shear stress appears at the bonding interface, because of the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of Al and the resin. This indicates that the thermal residual shear stress at the bonding interface is self-balanced and reaches a peak at the edges of the bonding interface. The load transfer is realized by the shear band from the bonding interface to the bottom support. Basically, the bonding interfacial shear stress is balanced with the load.     

Digitally whole-field analysis of isoclinic parameter in photoelasticity by four-step color phase-shifting technique

This paper presents a whole-field method for automatic determination of the isoclinic parameter φ in photoelasticity. The method determines φ in the true phase interval (-π/2<φ+π/2) based on the four-step color phase-shifting approach and a new unwrapping method based on simple logic operations, a binary image and a gray-scale mask. A plane polariscope with a white light source is used for capturing raw photoelastic fringe images. The theoretical validation of the method is done with the problem of a circular disk under compression. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results are also demonstrated. The experimental confirmation for the proposed method is tested with the photoelastic model having an isotropic point(s) and/or a singular point(s). The results show the method permits the reliable isoclinic parameter to be determined in the true phase interval with almost no defects of the isochromatic parameter.     

Flexural effects of sandwich beam with a plate insert under in-plane bending

The local stress concentrations in sandwich beam with a plate insert under in-plane bending are concerned in the study. An improved six-step phase shifting method in digital photoelasticity is employed to calculate the whole-field shear stress.The shear load transfer is realized by shear bands which connect the top and bottom sheet faces through adhesively-bonded interfaces. The plate insert plays a role in load transfer in the sandwich structure, and the fact that debonding might occur at more sites of the interfaces may also leads to the failure of the structure. The local stress concentrations at the insert end change with the load under three-point bending loads, while they remain as the initial residual shear stress under four-point bending loads. The local stress concentration effects generated by the plate insert is essentially caused by the mismatch of elastic properties of the core materials and the irrational geometry of the insert.     

Real-time phase-shift ing techniques for determining the photoelastic parameters: a theoretical comparison

Among data acquisition techniques in digital photoelasticity, the integrated phase shifting technique (IPST) can real-time analyze the photoelastic parameters at a video rate of the high speed CCD camera. In this paper, fourteen algorithms are described by different configurations of the rotating an analyzer at a constant rate and an output quarter-wave plate at another constant rate. The theoretical comparisons of the algorithms are given by the simulated phase distributions of the isochromatic and isoclinic parameters of the disk under two cases that the load keeps unchangeable or linearly increasing in exposure time of the camera. Then a guideline is given to alleviate the influence of the load changing with time on the IPST.