Multi-pole dark energy

A scalar field with a pole in its kinetic term is often used to study cosmological inflation; it can also play the role of dark energy, which is called the pole dark energy model. We propose a generalized model where the scalar field may have two or even multiple poles in the kinetic term, and we call it the multi-pole dark energy. We find that the poles can place some restrictions on the values of the original scalar field with a non-canonical kinetic term. After the transformation to the canonical form, we get a flat potential for the transformed scalar field even if the original field has a steep one. The late-time evolution of the universe is obtained explicitly for the two pole model, while dynamical analysis is performed for the multiple pole model. We find that it does have a stable attractor solution, which corresponds to the universe dominated by the potential of the scalar field.     

Cosmological perturbations in transient phantom inflation scenarios

We present a model of inflation where the inflaton is accommodated as a phantom field which exhibits an initial transient pole behavior and then decays into a quintessence field which is responsible for a radiation era. We must stress that the present unified model only deals with a single field and that the transition between the two eras is achieved in a smooth way, so the model does not suffer from the eternal inflation issue. We explore the conditions for the crossing of the phantom divide line within the inflationary era along with the structural stability of several critical points. We study the behavior of the phantom field within the slow-climb approximation along with the necessary conditions to have sufficient inflation. We also examine the model at the level of classical perturbations within the Newtonian gauge and determine the behavior of the gravitational potential, contrast density and perturbed field near the inflation stage and the subsequent radiation era.     

外场驱动对双原子Tavis-Cummings模型中原子和腔场性质的影响

研究受外部经典场驱动的双原子Tavis-Cummings模型中原子和腔场的特性. 分析了腔场初态为相干态的情况,求出外场驱动下原子系统粒子布居差、光场的平均光子数和Mandel Q参数，并进行了数值分析. 特别讨论了外部驱动场对此模型中原子和腔场性质的影响.     

Spherical Model in a Random Field

We investigate the properties of the Gibbs states and thermodynamic observables of the spherical model in a random field. We show that on the low-temperature critical line the magnetization of the model is not a self-averaging observable, but it self-averages conditionally. We also show that an arbitrarily weak homogeneous boundary field dominates over fluctuations of the random field once the model transits into a ferromagnetic phase. As a result, a homogeneous boundary field restores the conventional self-averaging of thermodynamic observables, like the magnetization and the susceptibility. We also investigate the effective field created at the sites of the lattice by the random field, and show that at the critical temperature of the spherical model the effective field undergoes a transition into a phase with long-range correlations ∼r ^4−d .     

Ab-initio calculations of electric field gradient in Ru compounds and their implication on the nuclear quadrupole moments of $$^{99}\hbox {Ru}$$ and $$^{101}\hbox {Ru}$$101Ru

We study a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic cosmological model in the Einstein gravitational theory with a minimally coupled scalar field. We consider a non-interacting combination of scalar field and perfect fluid as the source of matter components which are separately conserved. The dynamics of cosmic scalar fields with a zero rest mass and an exponential potential are studied, respectively. We find that both assumptions of potential along with the average scale factor as an exponential function of scalar field lead to the logarithmic form of scalar field in each case which further gives power-law form of the average scale factor. Using these forms of the average scale factor, exact solutions of the field equations are obtained to the metric functions which represent a power-law and a hybrid expansion, respectively. We find that the zero-rest-mass model expands with decelerated rate and behaves like a stiff matter. In the case of exponential potential function, the model decelerates, accelerates or shows the transition depending on the parameters. The isotropization is observed at late-time evolution of the Universe in the exponential potential model.     

Stiff magnetofluid cosmological model

We intestigate the behavior of the magnetic field in a cosmological model filled with a stiff perfect fluid in general relativity. The magnetic field is due to an electric current along thex axis. The behavior of the model when a magnetic field is absent is also discussed.     

Singularity-free model of electric charge in physical vacuum: non-zero spatial extent and mass generation

We propose a model of a spinless electrical charge as a self-consistent field configuration of the electromagnetic (EM) field interacting with a physical vacuum effectively described by the logarithmic quantum Bose liquid. We show that, in contrast to the EM field propagating in a trivial vacuum, a regular solution does exist, and both its mass and spatial extent emerge naturally from dynamics. It is demonstrated that the charge and energy density distribution acquire Gaussian-like form. The solution in the logarithmic model is stable and energetically favourable, unlike that obtained in a model with a quartic (Higgs-like) potential.     

Stochastic motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field: I Classical treatment

We study the dissipative, classical dynamics of a charged particle in the presence of a magnetic field. Two stochastic models are employed, and a comparative analysis is made, one based on diffusion processes and the other on jump processes. In the literature on collision-broadening of spectral lines, these processes go under the epithet of weak-collision model and Boltzmann-Lorentz model, respectively. We apply our model calculation to investigate the effect of magnetic field on the collision-broadened spectral lines, when the emitter carries an electrical charge. The spectral lines show narrowing as the magnetic field is increased, the narrowing being sharper in the Boltzmann-Lorentz model than in the weak collision model.     

经典外场驱动下Tavis-Cummings系统的能量本征值和波函数

研究经典外部驱动场对双原子Tavis-Cummings(T-C)模型中原子的作用.求出了相互作用绘景中驱动T-C系统能量——准能的本征值和相应的本征态,给出了Schrdinger绘景中该系统波函数的一般解.结果表明,外场驱动没有改变T-C模型的能级,但使该模型中的Fock态产生平移,从而使一般T-C模型中具有一定频率的定态被拓展到具有无限多个频率的Fock空间. 关键词： Tavis-Cummings模型 经典外场 能量本征值 波函数     

Quantum Mechanics of Two-Field Parametric Frequency Converter Interacting with a Single Atom

In this communication we deal with a new model Hamiltonian representing the interaction between a two-level atom and two electromagnetic field modes in a cavity. The interaction between the modes has been taken into account and considered to be of a parametric frequency converter type. The model can be regarded as a generalization of two different systems: the Jaynes–Cummings model (atom–field interaction) and the two-mode frequency converter model (field–field interaction). Under a certain condition an exact solution for the equations of motion in the Heisenberg picture is given. The wavefunction in the Schrödinger picture is also constructed and used to discuss some statistical properties related to the model. We assume that the fields are initially in coherent states. We discuss atomic inversion, photon number distribution, squeezing and other phenomena. We show in all cases that the system is very sensitive to any variation in the mean photon numbers.     

Mimicking the LCDM model with stealths

We present a new cosmological model that mimics the Lambda Cold Dark Matter by using a stealth field. This kind of field is characterized as not coupling directly to gravity; however, it is connected to the underlying matter content of the universe model. As is well known, stealth fields do not back-react on the space-time; however, their mimicry skills show how this field and its self-interaction potential determines the cosmic evolution. We show the study of the simplest model that can be developed with the stealth field.     

Pre-sheath formation in an oblique magnetic field: fluid model and PIC simulation

We present some results of a one-dimensional fluid model with a floating electrode immersed in plasma with magnetic field applied at an oblique angle. The model equations are integrated numerically in order to find the space profiles of the ion velocities and electrostatic potential for various strenghts and angles of the magnetic field. We assume a collisionless magnetized pre-sheath with isothermal ions. The results are then compared with the spatial profiles obtained by a computer simulation. We use a BIT1 particle-in-cell code. The simulations input parameters are chosen in the way, that they resemble the fluid model as much as possible. Because the results of the simulation are given in the absolute SI units, they have to be normalized correctly. We evaluate the model results and compare them with the computer simulation results. Special attention is brought on formation of the pre-sheath with magnetic field applied at intermediate angles. The results of the simulation are in good qualitative agreement with the model.     

Monte Carlo study of a lattice gauge theory with a radially varied Higgs field

The phase structure of a gauge-scalar (Higgs) field system is studied by Monte Carlo simulations without freezing the radial mode of the scalar field. We consider Z₂ lattice gauge theory coupled to a Higgs field which is approximated by a discrete real one. Most of our analysis is done on a 4⁴ lattice. We find that the phase diagram of our model consists of three distinct phases, Higgs and confined regions being divided by a phase boundary. This phase structure forms a contrast with that presented in the model with a fixed-length Higgs field.     

The Thirring interaction in the two-dimensional axial–current–pseudoscalar derivative coupling model

We reexamine the two-dimensional model of massive fermions interacting with a massless pseudoscalar field via axial-current derivative coupling. The hidden Thirring interaction in the axial-derivative coupling model is exhibited compactly by performing a canonical field transformation on the Bose field algebra and the model is mapped into the Thirring model with an additional vector–current–scalar derivative interaction (Schroer–Thirring model). The Fermi field operator is rewritten in terms of the Mandelstam soliton operator coupled to a free massless scalar field. The charge sectors of the axial-derivative model are mapped into the charge sectors of the massive Thirring model. The complete bosonized version of the model is presented. The bosonized composite operators of the quantum Hamiltonian are obtained as the leading operators in the Wilson short distance expansions.     

Composite gluons and magnetic monopoles

We present a static solution to the classical field equations of a purely spinorial model with SU(2) internal symmetry. The model contains composite vector and pseudovector gluon fields. The solution for the vector field is precisely that of the Wu-Yang monopole.     

Cosmographic study of the universe’s specific heat: a landscape for cosmology?

Non-abelian gauge field inflation is studied in the context of warm inflation scenario. We introduce this scenario as a mechanism that gives an end for gauge-flation model. Slow-roll parameters and perturbation parameters are presented for this model. We find the general conditions which are required for this model to be realizable in slow-roll approximation. We also develop our model in the context of intermediate and logamediate scenarios which are exact solutions of inflationary field equation in the Einstein theory. General expressions of slow-roll parameters, tensor–scalar ratio and scalar spectral index are presented in terms of inflaton field for these two cases. Our model is compatible with recent observational data from Planck satellite.     

囚禁粒子在热库型驻波场中的量子相干特性

研究囚禁粒子与热库型(热辐射)驻波场的相互作用,通过外加驱动场,分析置于热库型驻波场中的囚禁粒子约化密度算符非对角元的时间演化,得到囚禁粒子在热库型驻波场中的相干特性.当外加驱动场的时间演化满足一定条件时,可保持囚禁粒子的相干性.     

Interfacial tension of the three-state Potts model on a square lattice at a negative fields

We calculate the interfacial tension of the three-state Potts model on a square lattice at a negative field by extending the method of Selke and Pesch, which is used in the model at zero field. The transition temperature and therefore the phase diagram of the model are determined by the vanishing of the interfacial tension.