On residual-based a posteriori error estimation in hp-FEM

A family , [0,1], of residual-based error indicators for the hp-version of the finite element method is presented and analyzed. Upper and lower bounds for the error indicators are established. To do so, the well-known Clément/Scott–Zhang interpolation operator is generalized to the hp-context and new polynomial inverse estimates are presented. An hp-adaptive strategy is proposed. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the error indicators and the adaptive strategy.     

DG and hp-DG for highly indefinite Helmholtz problems

We develop a stability and convergence theory for a Discontinuous Galerkin formulation (DG) of a highly indefinite Helmholtz problem in . We prove that the DG-method admits a unique solution under much weaker conditions than for conventional Galerkin methods. It is shown that for the case of hp-DGFEM the optimal convergence order estimate can be obtained under the conditions that is sufficiently small and the polynomial degree p is at least O(log k). (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Linear Complexity Solution of Parabolic Integro-differential Equations

The numerical solution of parabolic problems with a pseudo-differential operator by wavelet discretization in space and hp discontinuous Galerkin time stepping is analyzed. It is proved that an approximation for u(T) can be obtained in N points with accuracy for any integer p ≥ 1 in work and memory which grows logarithmically-linear in N.Supported in part IHP Network Breaking Complexity of the EC (contract number HPRN-CT-2002-00286) with support by the Swiss Federal Office for Science and Education under grant No. BBW 02.0418.Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant PBEZ2-102321).     

Discrete versus continuous Newton's method: A case study

We consider the damped Newton's method N _h (z) = z – hp(z)/p(z), 0<h<1 for polynomialsp(z) with complex coefficients. For the usual Newton's method (h=1) and polynomialsp(z), it is known that the method may fail to converge to a root ofp and rather leads to an attractive periodic cycle.N _h(z) may be interpreted as an Euler step for the differential equation =–p(z)/p(z) with step sizeh. In contrast to the possible failure of Newton's method, we have that for almost all initial conditions to the differential equation that the solutions converge to a root ofp. We show that this property generally carries over to Newton's methodN _h(z) only for certain nondegenerate polynomials and for sufficiently small step sizesh>0. Further we discuss the damped Newton's method applied to the family of polynomials of degree 3.     

Adaptive Galerkin boundary element methods with panel clustering

In this paper, we will propose a boundary element method for solving classical boundary integral equations on complicated surfaces which, possibly, contain a large number of geometric details or even uncertainties in the given data. The (small) size of such details is characterised by a small parameter and the regularity of the solution is expected to be low in such zones on the surface (which we call the wire-basket zones). We will propose the construction of an initial discretisation for such type of problems. Afterwards standard strategies for boundary element discretisations can be applied such as the h, p, and the adaptive hp-version in a straightforward way. For the classical boundary integral equations, we will prove the optimal approximation results of our so-called wire-basket boundary element method and discuss the stability aspects. Then, we construct the panel-clustering and -matrix approximations to the corresponding Galerkin BEM stiffness matrix. The method is shown to have an almost linear complexity with respect to the number of degrees of freedom located on the wire basket.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">CR</Emphasis>-Warped Products in Complex Projective Spaces with Compact Holomorphic Factor

A submanifold of a Kaehler manifold is called a CR-warped product if it is the warped product N_T ×_fN of a complex submanifold N_T and a totally real submanifold N. There exist many CR-warped products N_T ×_fN in CP^h+p, h = dim_CN_T and p = dim_RN (see [5, 6]). In contrast, we prove in this article that the situation is quite different if the holomorphic factor N_T is compact. For such CR-wraped products in CP^m (4), we prove the following: (1) The complex dimension m of the ambient space is at least h + p + hp. (2) If m = h + p + hp, then N_T is CP^h(4). We also obtain two geometric inequalities for CR-warped products in CP^m with compact N_T.     

An hp finite element method for 4th order singularly perturbed problems

We present the analysis for the hp finite element approximation of the solution to singularly perturbed fourth order problems, using a balanced norm. In Panaseti et al. (2016) it was shown that the hp version of the Finite Element Method (FEM) on the so-called Spectral Boundary Layer Mesh yields robust exponential convergence when the error is measured in the natural energy norm associated with the problem. In the present article we sharpen the result by showing that the same hp-FEM on the Spectral Boundary Layer Mesh gives robust exponential convergence in a stronger, more balanced norm. As a corollary we also get robust exponential convergence in the maximum norm. The analysis is based on the ideas in Roos and Franz (Calcolo 51, 423–440, 2014) and Roos and Schopf (ZAMM 95, 551–565, 2015) and the recent results in Melenk and Xenophontos (2016). Numerical examples illustrating the theory are also presented.     

CR-Warped Products in Complex Projective Spaces with Compact Holomorphic Factor

A submanifold of a Kaehler manifold is called a CR-warped product if it is the warped product N_T ×_fN of a complex submanifold N_T and a totally real submanifold N. There exist many CR-warped products N_T ×_fN in CP^h+p, h = dim_CN_T and p = dim_RN (see [5, 6]). In contrast, we prove in this article that the situation is quite different if the holomorphic factor N_T is compact. For such CR-wraped products in CP^m (4), we prove the following: (1) The complex dimension m of the ambient space is at least h + p + hp. (2) If m = h + p + hp, then N_T is CP^h(4). We also obtain two geometric inequalities for CR-warped products in CP^m with compact N_T.     

Efficient convolution with the Newton potential in <Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis> dimensions

The paper is concerned with the evaluation of the convolution integral in d dimensions (usually d = 3), when f is given as piecewise polynomial of possibly large degree, i.e., f may be considered as an hp-finite element function. The underlying grid is locally refined using various levels of dyadically organised grids. The result of the convolution is approximated in the same kind of mesh. If f is given in tensor product form, the d-dimensional convolution can be reduced to one-dimensional convolutions. Although the details are given for the kernel the basis techniques can be generalised to homogeneous kernels, e.g., the fundamental solution of the d-dimensional Poisson equation.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">hp</Emphasis>-Discontinuous Galerkin methods for strongly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems

In this paper, we have analyzed a one parameter family of hp-discontinuous Galerkin methods for strongly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions. These methods depend on the values of the parameter , where θ = + 1 corresponds to the nonsymmetric and θ = −1 corresponds to the symmetric interior penalty methods when and f(u,∇u) = −f, that is, for the Poisson problem. The error estimate in the broken H ¹ norm, which is optimal in h (mesh size) and suboptimal in p (degree of approximation) is derived using piecewise polynomials of degree p ≥ 2, when the solution . In the case of linear elliptic problems also, this estimate is optimal in h and suboptimal in p. Further, optimal error estimate in the L ² norm when θ = −1 is derived. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical results. Supported by DST-DAAD (PPP-05) project.     

Models of set theory with definable ordinals

A DO model (here also referred to a Paris model) is a model of set theory all of whose ordinals are first order definable in . Jeffrey Paris (1973) initiated the study of DO models and showed that (1) every consistent extension T of ZF has a DO model, and (2) for complete extensions T, T has a unique DO model up to isomorphism iff T proves V=OD. Here we provide a comprehensive treatment of Paris models. Our results include the following:1. If T is a consistent completion of ZF+VOD, then T has continuum-many countable nonisomorphic Paris models.2. Every countable model of ZFC has a Paris generic extension.3. If there is an uncountable well-founded model of ZFC, then for every infinite cardinal there is a Paris model of ZF of cardinality which has a nontrivial automorphism.4. For a model ZF, is a prime model is a Paris model and satisfies AC is a minimal model. Moreover, Neither implication reverses assuming Con(ZF).Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 03C62, 03C50, Secondary 03H99     

Global properties of solutions to 1D-viscous compressible barotropic fluid equations with density dependent viscosity

The Navier-Stokes equations for compressible barotropic fluid in 1D with the mass force under zero velocity boundary conditions are studied. We prove the uniform upper and lower bounds for the density as well as the uniform in time L ²()-estimates for _x and u _x (u is the velocity). Moreover, a collection of the decay rate estimates for - (with being the stationary density) and u in ²()-norm and H ¹()-norm as time t are established. The results are given for general state function p() (but mainly monotone) and viscosity coefficient µ() of arbitrarily fast (or slow) growth as well as for the large data.     

Explicit Formulas and Asymptotic Expansions for Certain Mean Square of Hurwitz Zeta-Functions: III

The main object of this paper is the mean square I _h (s) of higher derivatives of Hurwitz zeta functions (s, ). We shall prove asymptotic formulas for I _h (1/2 + it) as t + with the coefficients in closed expressions (Theorem 1). We also prove a certain explicit formula for I _h (1/2 + it) (Theorem 2), in which the coefficients are, in a sense, not explicit. However, one merit of this formula is that it contains sufficient information for obtaining the complete asymptotic expansion for I _h (1/2 + it) when h is small. Another merit is that Theorem 1 can be strengthened with the aid of Theorem 2 (see Theorem 3). The fundamental method for the proofs is Atkinson's dissection argument applied to the product (u, )(v, ) with the independent complex variables u and v.     

Surjectivity for Hamiltonian loop group spaces

Let G be a compact Lie group, and let LG denote the corresponding loop group. Let (X,) be a weakly symplectic Banach manifold. Consider a Hamiltonian action of LG on (X,), and assume that the moment map :XL ^* is proper. We consider the function ||²:X, and use a version of Morse theory to show that the inclusion map j:^-1(0)X induces a surjection j ^*:H _G ^*(X)H _G ^*(^-1(0)), in analogy with Kirwans surjectivity theorem in the finite-dimensional case. We also prove a version of this surjectivity theorem for quasi-Hamiltonian G-spaces.     

Global properties of solutions to 1D-viscous compressible barotropic fluid equations with density dependent viscosity

The Navier-Stokes equations for compressible barotropic fluid in 1D with the mass force under zero velocity boundary conditions are studied. We prove the uniform upper and lower bounds for the density as well as the uniform in time L ²()-estimates for _x and u _x (u is the velocity). Moreover, a collection of the decay rate estimates for - (with being the stationary density) and u in ²()-norm and H ¹()-norm as time t are established. The results are given for general state function p() (but mainly monotone) and viscosity coefficient µ() of arbitrarily fast (or slow) growth as well as for the large data.     

A weighted Poincaré inequality and removable singularities for harmonic maps

We give a sufficient condition on a closed subset R ⁿ for the weighted Poincaré inequality (1.5) below to be valid. As an application, we prove that, for any 2p<n and any such closed subset R ⁿ , if uC ¹( , N) W ^1,p (, N) is a stationary p-harmonic map such that |Du| ^p (x) dx is sufficiently small, then uC ¹(, N). This extends previously known removal singularity theorems for p-harmonic maps. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000):58E20, 58J05, 35J60This revised version was published online in September 2003 with a corrected date of receipt of the article.     

A(α)-Acceptability of Rational Approximations to Function exp(z)

In this paper, two necessary and sufficient conditions, and a sufficient condition of A()-acceptability for (n, m) rationa approximation to function exp(z) are given, where a (0, x/2). A necesary and sufficient condition of A-acceptability for (n, m) rational approximation to exp(z) of order p is obtained, where nmp.     

Oscillation and non-oscillation theorems for superlinear Emden–Fowler equations of the fourth order

We study the oscillatory behavior of solutions of the fourth-order Emden–Fowler equation: (E) y^(iv)+q(t)|y|sgny=0, where >1 and q(t) is a positive continuous function on [t₀,), t₀>0. Our main results Theorem 2 – if (q(t)t^(3+5)/2)0, then equation (E) has oscillatory solutions; Theorem 3 – if lim_tq(t)t^4+(-1)=0, >0, then every solution y(t) of equation (E) is either non-oscillatory or satisfies limsup_tt^-+i|y⁽ⁱ⁾(t)|= for < and i=0,1,2,3,4. These results complement those given by Kura for equation (E) when q(t)<0 and provide analogues to the results of the second-order equation, y+q(t)|y|sgny=0,>1. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 34C10, 34C15