各向异性超常材料中倒退波的传播研究

研究了完全各向异性超常材料中的倒退波传播现象,得到了在材料本征轴和传输轴成任意角度情形下倒退波形成的条件,分析了超常材料的介电张量和磁导率张量、电磁波的偏振方式对倒退波形成和传播的影响. 在此基础上,进一步分析了几种不同色散曲线关系的各向异性超常材料中倒退波的产生情况,获得了电磁波波矢和坡印亭矢量(能流)夹角的具体表达式和倒退波传播的一般性结论. 此外,还研究了近零介电常数超常材料中倒退波的传播特性,发现在此类超常材料中倒退波只能是完美倒退波. 关键词： 超常材料 负折射 倒退波 各向异性     

各向异性超常介质中的反常线性现象

从麦克斯韦方程组出发,结合超常介质的特殊性质,分析了电磁波在一种具有线性色散关系的各向异性超常介质中的传播特性。在线性色散关系的情况下,得到了超常介质的介电张量和磁导率张量各元素之间的条件表达式。根据能量守恒定律和电磁场的边界连续性条件,在横电波(TE)和横磁波(TM)入射时,分析了折射波矢和能流与入射波矢和能流方向之间的关系。发现无论是TE波还是TM波,在这种介质中传输时,都产生了光准直的现象,且TE波和TM波的传输方式是相反的。     

线偏振光在手征负折射材料表面的传输特性研究

从理论上研究了手征负折射材料表面的反射与透射特性,给出了归一化的反射透射功率与入射角之间的关系曲线.当入射波分别为垂直和平行极化波(TE和TM波)时,得到了发生负折射时的布儒斯特角和全内反射角随手征参数和材料折射率的变化关系.手征负折射介质中的一个本征波发生了负折射,其功率流方向与波矢方向相反.     

一种结构简单的二维左手材料设计及仿真研究

基于产生负介电常数的周期性金属线单元结构,讨论了金属线长度和宽度的变化对负介电常数的影响.在入射波的波矢k方向上放置两个单元结构,使两单元中的金属线响应入射波的磁场产生负磁导率,就可得到一维左手材料.若保持电边界条件的位置不变而调换波端口和磁边界条件位置,即入射波的波矢k转过90°角,两单元结构同样具有左手特性,从而可实现二维左手材料.     

五层对称人工超常材料结构的表面等离子体激元

研究了由左手材料、负介电材料、常规介电材料所构成的几种五层对称结构表面等离子体激元的特性.讨论了表面等离子体激元的存在区域、色散关系、以及p和s偏振的表面色散曲线枝,发现表面模的性质强烈依赖于系统的组成材料及其组合方式;层数越多,表面色散曲线枝也越多,处在频率通带的表面极化模态也越多;在五层结构中有p和s两种偏振的表面等离子体激元,在共振时,可导致p波和s波强透射.此外,通过使用衰减全反射方法,探讨了激发并观察表面等离子体激元的可能性.     

五层对称人工超常材料结构的表面等离子体激元

研究了由左手材料、负介电材料、常规介电材料所构成的几种五层对称结构表面等离子体激元的特性.讨论了表面等离子体激元的存在区域、色散关系、以及p和s偏振的表面色散曲线枝,发现表面模的性质强烈依赖于系统的组成材料及其组合方式|层数越多,表面色散曲线枝也越多,处在频率通带的表面极化模态也越多|在五层结构中有p和s两种偏振的表面等离子体激元,在共振时,可导致p波和s波强透射.此外,通过使用衰减全反射方法,探讨了激发并观察表面等离子体激元的可能性.     

各向异性超常材料平板透镜的聚焦特性分析

运用矢量角谱理论研究各向异性超常材料平板透镜的聚焦特性,得到了光束在平板透镜内外各区域的矢量场分布,揭示了超常材料平板透镜的聚焦特性跟材料的各向异性参数之间的定量关系,发现聚焦场的偏振态因平板透镜的各向异性特性而发生改变.作为矢量理论的具体应用,分析了光轴方向磁导率为-1,其他各向异性参数均为1的超常材料平板透镜的聚焦特性,发现此类透镜对初始沿某一横向方向偏振的光束能实现部分聚焦,并发生偏振旋转现象.     

超常介质中光轴任意取向时电磁波传播的反常现象研究

当电磁波的传输轴和各向异性超常介质的光轴成任意夹角时,发现在界面处可以产生反常全向全反射和反常负折射现象.导出了电磁波的入射角和能流折射角之间的函数关系,根据此关系可方便地选择合适的介电张量和磁导率张量,使特定入射角所对应的折射是正或是负.此外,发现当入射角小于某一角度时,尤其在垂直入射附近时,透射率最小甚至为零;基于这一特性,提出了一种新型的薄片型高通空间滤波器的构想,和传统的空间滤波系统相比,可以大大减少滤波系统的体积;这一特性也可用于构造空间低频反射器件. 关键词： 超常介质 各向异性 反常传播 空间滤波     

基于双层金属开口环谐振器结构的U波段左手材料

基于左手介质的传输线理论,经过估算尺寸后设计出相应的结构并仿真得到散射参量,然后利用Smith的参量提取方法提取有效介电常量、有效磁导率和折射率,对一种双层金属开口环谐振器结构的U波段左手材料的传输特性和电磁参量特性进行分析.数值仿真结果表明,该结构在48.8～59.9GHz频带内有效介电常量和有效磁导率均为负值,同时在该频率范围内具有负折射特性,从而证实了该结构在U波段的左手特性,对左手介质在更高波段的研究具有一定的参考意义.     

基于双层金属开口环谐振器结构的U波段左手材料

基于左手介质的传输线理论,经过估算尺寸后设计出相应的结构并仿真得到散射参量,然后利用Smith的参量提取方法提取有效介电常量、有效磁导率和折射率,对一种双层金属开口环谐振器结构的U波段左手材料的传输特性和电磁参量特性进行分析.数值仿真结果表明,该结构在48.8～59.9 GHz频带内有效介电常量和有效磁导率均为负值,同时在该频率范围内具有负折射特性,从而证实了该结构在U波段的左手特性,对左手介质在更高波段的研究具有一定的参考意义.     

An incident-direction-selective transmission filter based on anisotropic metamaterial

We construct an incident-direction-selective transmission filter based on anisotropic metamaterial, and explore the possibility of complete tunneling when elements of permittivity and permeability tensors of the anisotropic metamaterial are totally or partially negative. We first deduce the expressions of field distribution, reflection and transmission amplitudes in our filter and then study the influence of anisotropic metamaterial on the tunneling incident angle of light, including seven subcases of different combinations of positive and negative permittivity and permeability components. At last we conclude the principle of appearance of complete tunneling.     

The separation of TM and TE wave in multi-layer metamaterial structure

A mixed-structure form of one-dimensional metamaterial structure composed of single negative permittivity material and anisotropic metamaterial has been investigated in this paper. Such a multi-layer metamaterial structure constitutes special resonant structures, which can be used to control wave propagation and realize the complete separation of TM and TE wave by choosing specific parameters. Theoretical analysis and numerical calculations have been performed to confirm the above results. Specifically, augments in incident angles of TM and TE waves make complete transmission frequencies right shift, and the thicknesses of this resonant structure determine propagation modes and propagation frequencies.     

Tunable beam splitting and negative refraction in heterostructure with metamaterial

The dispersion characteristics of one-dimensional heterostructure with metamaterial is presented. We give a theoretical analysis and numerical simulations for tunable beam splitting and negative refraction. By adjusting the lattice constant of the heterostructure or the permeability of the metamaterial, the splitting angle can be tuned. Interestingly, if both the average permittivity and permeability are zero, the splitting angle will be 180 degrees. Moreover, when the permeability of metamaterial is small enough, the light cannot propagate in the heterostructure if the incident angle is less than the critical angle. And as soon as the incident angle is larger than the critical angle, negative refraction will occur. In addition, the negative refraction can also be tuned.     

Polarization-sensitive propagation in an anisotropic metamaterial with double-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation

The polarization-sensitive propagation in the anisotropic metamaterial (AMM) with double-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation is investigated from a purely wave propagation point of view. We show that TE and TM polarized waves present significantly different characteristics which depend on the polarization. The omnidirectional total reflection and oblique total transmission can occur in the interface associated with the AMM. If appropriate conditions are satisfied, one polarized wave exhibits the total refraction, while the other presents the total reflection. We find that the opposite amphoteric refractions can be realized by rotating the principle axis of AMM, such that one polarized wave performs the negative refraction, while the other undergoes positive refraction. The polarization-sensitive characteristics allow us to construct two types of efficient polarizing beam splitters under certain achievable conditions.     

磁电超材料折射率特性分析

基于麦克斯韦旋度方程, 将磁电超材料板中的电元件和磁元件分别等效为面电流和面磁流, 通过计算这些周期性面电流和面磁流在某个磁电超材料板上产生的总电场和总磁场, 获得了关于面磁流密度和面电流密度的两个方程, 进而推导出了周期性磁电超材料折射率与磁元件的磁导率、 电元件的介电常数和空间色散项之间关系的解析公式. 与传统的折射率计算公式不同, 该解析公式充分考虑到了空间色散以及磁电超材料的电元件和磁元件的相互作用. 折射率理论曲线和基于仿真实验数据的提取值曲线能很好地符合, 这说明文中推导的折射率公式能够正确地描述磁电超材料的负折射特性. 本文的结果将为分析电磁元件之间的相互作用以及设计负折射率符合一定要求的磁电超材料提供重要的理论参考. 关键词： 磁电超材料 周期性结构 负折射率     

光频三维各向同性左手超材料结构单元模型的仿真设计

基于树枝结构单元思想,提出了光频三维各向同性左手超材料球刺结构单元模型.采用金属的Drude原理,运用等效媒质理论,仿真研究了结构的电磁响应特性.在晶格间距与工作波长的比值满足等效媒质理论要求的前提下,通过调节结构单元的几何参数,发现它能在光波段出现介电常数和磁导率同时为负值的区域,实现折射率小于零的左手超材料响应特性.该模型结构简单,具有各向同性特点.研究结果为采用"由下向上"方法制备光波段的三维左手超材料指出了新的途径. 关键词： 球刺模型 光波段 三维 各向同性     

Wave propagation in an anisotropic metamaterial with single-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation

We investigate the wave propagation in an anisotropic metamaterial with single-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation. Based on boundary conditions and dispersion relations, we find that the opposite amphoteric refraction, such that E (or H)-polarized waves are positively refracted whereas H (or E)-polarized waves are negatively refracted, can occur at the interface associated with the anisotropic metamaterial. Under a certain condition, both E- and H-polarized waves can exhibit the same single-sheeted hyperboloid or straight line dispersion relation, while the two polarized waves exhibit different propagation characteristics. We expect some potential device applications can be derived based on the unique amphoteric refraction properties. PACS 78.20.Ci; 41.20.Jb; 42.25.Gy     

Spectral response and far-field pattern of a dipole nano-antenna on metamaterial substrates having near-zero and negative indices of refraction

In this work the resonance, frequency response, and far-field patterns of an optical nano-antenna placed on an interface between air and a metamaterial substrate is obtained through finite element calculations. The metamaterial is characterized by an effective, macroscopic index of refraction which can take negative and near-zero values, or by published values of the effective permittivity and permeability for metamaterials. The results show that the resonant wavelength and response can be fitted to analytical functions that are even functions of the index of refraction, this is consistent with the knowledge that negative indices of refraction allows for wave propagation in the same magnitude but opposite direction observed with positive indices of refraction. The simulations also show that substrates with near-zero index of refraction will enhance the antenna response by 62% compared to substrates with n > 1. Lossy metamaterials are also considered in the simulations. The far-field pattern of the antenna, obtained through a near-field to far-field transformation, behaves the same independently of the sign of the index of refraction, also the far-field pattern for the emission towards near-zero substrates is nearly constant and independent of the angle for the evaluated angular range.     

Propagation of polarized photons through a cavity with an anisotropic metamaterial

We present a theoretical study of the propagation properties of polarized photons passing through the cavity with an anisotropic metamaterial. We find that the resonant peaks of transmission appear for photons polarized in a certain direction corresponding to a negative element of the permittivity tensor. This indicates the potential for applying such cavity structures as filters for photons with certain polarizations. The resonant peak of transmission for photons having a given frequency can be achieved by adjusting the thicknesses of the air and metamaterial. If the frequency of the incident photons and the thickness of the metamaterial are fixed, the cavity structure can be used as a photon switch controlled by the thickness of the air. The effect of the absorption is considered, and the result shows that the transmission peak always appears, even for metamaterials with large absorption. Finally, the polarization manipulation of such structures is explored.