Causal stochastic interpretation of Fermi—Dirac statistics in terms of distinguishable non-locally correlated particles

Like in the Bose—Einstein case, Fermi—Dirac statistics are shown to correspond to subquantal, causal, space—time behaviour of distinguishable particles correlated by actions-at-a-distance. This justifies the introduction of the non-local hidden parameters introduced by Bohm and Vigier in the stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics.     

Statistical Separability of the World and Consistency Between Quantum Theory, Relativity, and Causality

We show that the quantum world with non-local states and original statistics is statistically separable. According to relativistic dynamics, the super-luminal signal transmission is impossible. The present quantum theory is therefore consistent with the relativity and the causality.     

Non-local and local ghost fields in quantum correlations

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quantum correlations are discussed from the perspective of a ghost field introduced by Einstein. The concepts of ghost field, hidden variables, local reality and the Bell inequality are reviewed. In the framework of the correlated singlet state of two spin-½ particles, it is shown that quantum mechanics can be cast in a way that has the form of either a non-positive and local ghost field or a positive and non-local ghost field.     

Spin and statistics of quantum kinks

Apart from some brief and inconclusive remarks concerning the problem of spin and statistics of quantum kinks in space-time dimension D > 2, we give a detailed discussion of the D = 2 situation. Our main results is that two-dimensional quantum kinks are statistical “schizons”; they exist in the same Hilbert space either as bosons or as fermions. In those cases where one can introduce local kink-sector generating operators as in the sine-Gordon model, the Bose and Fermi fields are strictly local fields, which are relatively non-local with respect to each other.     

Experimental Evidence for a Dynamical Non-locality Induced Effect in Quantum Interference Using Weak Values

The quantum theoretical concepts of modular momentum and dynamical non-locality, which were introduced four decades ago, have recently been used to explain single particle quantum interference phenomena. Although the non-local exchange of modular momentum associated with such phenomena cannot be directly observed, it has been suggested that effects induced by this exchange can be measured experimentally using weak measurements of pre- and post-selected ensembles of particles. This paper reports on such an optical experiment that yielded measured weak values that were consistent with the theoretical prediction of an effect induced by a non-local exchange of modular momentum.     

Analysis of photon-pair entanglement variation through the single-mode and multi-mode fiber optic

Entanglement, i.e. non-local quantum correlation between two or more quantum particles, is one of the key factors in quantum communication. In this paper our aim is to analyze the photon-pair entanglement variation through single-mode and multi-mode fiber optic. We have used Concurrence method in order to calculate entanglement value variation when the photon is being transmitted through fiber optic.     

Interacting particles as neither bosons nor fermions: A microscopic origin for fractional exclusion statistics

We study a quantum liquid of particles interacting via a long-ranged two-body potential in three dimensions where the original particles are supposed to be either bosons or fermions. We show that such liquids exhibit the nature of a quantum liquid with fractional exclusion statistics. In both quantum liquids enlarged pseudo-Fermi surfaces are formed from bosons and fermions, although with different excitations. Hence, we conclude that the microscopic origin of exclusion statistics comes from the nature of long-ranged two-body interactions between the particles.     

Testing for non-locally correlated particle motions in the hydrogen atom

We report on an experiment to test for a separate proton spectrum for hydrogen. The null results is in direct violation with the predictions of local hidden variable theories, and supports either non-local quantum potential theories or an “orthodox” (Copenhagen) interpretation of quantum mechanics, where the reality of particles is not conserved.     

A new approach to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox

Some new aspects of the EPR paradox are considered. We first show that the authors' argument, leading to the conclusion that quantum theory is incomplete, is based on a tacit assumption that may be questioned. We then investigate the non-local features of the EPR setup and point out an interesting connection between the nonlocality involved in the quantum correlations of pairs of particles and that of a single particle in quantum theory.     

Quantum particles from classical statistics

Quantum particles and classical particles are described in a common setting of classical statistical physics. The property of a particle being “classical” or “quantum” ceases to be a basic conceptual difference. The dynamics differs, however, between quantum and classical particles. We describe position, motion and correlations of a quantum particle in terms of observables in a classical statistical ensemble. On the other side, we also construct explicitly the quantum formalism with wave function and Hamiltonian for classical particles. For a suitable time evolution of the classical probabilities and a suitable choice of observables all features of a quantum particle in a potential can be derived from classical statistics, including interference and tunneling. Besides conceptual advances, the treatment of classical and quantum particles in a common formalism could lead to interesting cross‐fertilization between classical statistics and quantum physics.     

Unsharp spin observables, non-locality and Fry, Walther and Li experiment

Recently it has been demonstrated that Bell inequalities for spin 1/2 particles must be modified if unsharp spin observables are considered, and furthermore, the modified Bell inequalities may not be violated by quantum mechanics if the observables are sufficiently unsharp. In case of massive particles there may be more imperfection than seems to appear in the photon EPR experiments. So the experiment proposed by Fry, Walther and Li can place experimental limits on the unsharpness of spin variables. It sheds new light on the much debated issues like non-local correlations in quantum mechanics.     

Induced spin interactions in the early universe from discrete time quantum theory

By considering a system of spinning particles in an external magnetic field we demonstrate that the system develops non-local spin interactions due to discrete time quantum effects. Such interactions can lead to a domain like structure in the early universe possibly serving as generic seeds to large scale structure.     

Quantum theory for a special kind of hard-core particles with intermediate statistics

Starting from a specific definition of fractional statistics for hard-core particles, we find a set of intermediate statistics systems, in which a single-particle quantum state can be effectively occupied by an integer number of identical particles — M-ons, as in the case for fermions and bosons. A quantum statistical theory of an ideal M-on gas is formulated exactly, and the associated distribution is explicitly represented in a simple analytical form. A possible application to the fractional quantum Hall effect is also briefly discussed.     

θ Statistics and Quantum Group

General theory of quantum statistics with internal degree of freedom in two dimensions is studied. Because of the topological nontrivial properties in the configuration space of indistinguishable particles, the intrinsic part of many-body wave function is associated with the representation of quantum group, which describes θ statistics. The statistical potential and the effective Hamiltonian of general two-dimensional system can be derived from the Kohno connection.     

Information flow in quantum teleportation

The flow of information is discussed in the context of quantum teleportation. Situations are described which use a sequence of systems of particles in which, though there is no claim of faster-than-light signaling, it is plausible to suggest that information about measurement procedures in one wing of the apparatus does reach the other end in a non-local manner. The definition of the term ‘parameter dependence’ is discussed.     

Quantum group symmetries and non-local currents in 2D QFT

We construct and study the implications of some new non-local conserved currents that exist is a wide variety of massive integrable quantum field theories in 2 dimensions, including the sine-Gordon theory and its generalization to affine Toda theory. These non-local currents provide a non-perturbative formulation of the theories. The symmetry algebras correspond to the quantum affine Kac-Moody algebras. TheS-matrices are completely characterized by these symmetries. FormalS-matrices for the imaginary-coupling affine Toda theories are thereby derived. The application of theseS-matrices to perturbed coset conformal field theory is studied. Non-local charges generating the finite dimensional Quantum Group in the Liouville theory are briefly presented. The formalism based on non-local charges we describe provides an algernative to the quantum inverse scattering method for solving integrable quantum field theories in 2d.     

The Klein-Gordon Equation in Machian Model

The non-local Machian model is regarded as an alternative theory of gravitation which states that all particles in the Universe as a ‘gravitationally entangled’ statistical ensemble. It is shown that the Klein-Gordon equation can be derived within this Machian model of the universe. The crucial point of the derivation is the activity of the Machian energy background field which causing a fluctuation about the average momentum of a particle, the non-locality problem in quantum theory is addressed in this framework.     

Implementation of Non-local Operations for High-Dimensional Systems Through Qubit Quantum Channels

We propose a method to implement a kind of non-local operation between spatially separated two systems with high dimensions by using only a low-dimensional qubit quantum channel and 2-bit classical communication. For qutrit systems, we further show the creation of non-local maximally entangled state and the construction of the non-local quantum XOR gate in terms of the obtained non-local operations as well as some single qutrit local gates.     

Controlled Implementation of Non-local CNOT Operation Using Three-Qubit Entanglement

We investigate the controlled implementation of a non-local CNOT operation using a three-qubit entangled state. Firstly, we show how the non-local CNOT operation can be implemented with unit fidelity and unit probability by using a maximally entangled GHZ state as controlled quantum channel. Then, we put forward two schemes for conclusively implementing the non-local operation with unit fidelity by employing a partially entangled pure GHZ state as quantum channel. The feature of these schemes is that a third side is included, who may participate the process of quantum non-local implementation as a supervisor. Furthermore, when the quantum channel is partially entangled, the third one can rectify the state distorted by imperfect quantum channel. In addition to the GHZ class state, the W class state can also be used to implement the same non-local operation probabilistically. The probability of successful implementation using the W class state is always less than that using the GHZ class state.