Acceleration and double-peak spectrum of hot electrons in relativistic laser plasmas

A spectrum equation of hot electrons in relativistic laser plasmas is derived in which two hot-electron population peaks appear as the laser strength parameter reaches a threshold. These calculations can explain the generation of very hot electrons with several tens of MeV energy and two hot-electron population peaks observed in the recent experiments.     

Line broadening by electrons in hot plasmas

By means of a quantum mechanical calculation, “electron strong collision constants” are given as functions of electron temperature and emitter principal and orbital quantum numbers.     

Analysis of experiments on energetic ions from laser produced plasmas with reference to hot electrons and pulsation

The need for highly charged heavy ions from projected particle accelerators has recently led to a re-evaluation of the complex processes of ion production in laser generated plasmas. Possible mechanisms for the production of intense beams of high charge state ions are investigated as is the experimental evidence for these mechanisms. The hypothesis that 20 keV ions are driven by hot electrons is not supported by experimental work to date. This work, on the other hand, suggests that 30ps pulsation is the basic mechanism for the acceleration of tantalum ions up to charge state 8+ whose energy increases linearly with charge state up to 24keV. For long pulses and charge states between 8+ and 18+, it appears that there is a secondary mechanism of electron impact ionisation by plasma electrons of approximately 200 eV in the plasma in front of the target, resulting in ions whose energy of around 24 keV is independent of charge state.     

Spin wave amplification by electrons due to interband absorption of laser radiation in magnetic semiconductors

We investigate here the possibility of generation of nonequilibrium magnons by electrons due to interband absorption of a laser field in magnetic semiconductors. It is found that under certain conditions the magnon excitation rate may become greater than the rate of relaxation and the magnon system may reach instability.     

Microwave cyclotron resonance of hot electrons in p-type GaSb

A microwave photocreated cyclotron resonance signal is observed in p-type GaSb in the temperature range 1–30 K. Circular polarization and other measurements identify the carriers as electrons in the (000) conduction band. The problem of a surface effect on the measured peak position, reported for the first time is avoided by bulk carrier creation. An exponential loss of signal intensity at 27 K is explained by the theory of background plasma effects. The measured ωτ of 1·5–4 yields an electron collision time of τ ～ 10^?11 sec. The scattering mechanism at liquid helium temperatures is identified as being partly due to neutral defect acceptor scattering of hot electrons, with an unidentified residual scattering process. The electron polaron effective mass is measured to be (m *(polaron)/m₀) = 0·0412 ± 0·0012 for hot electrons with an average energy of ～ 14 MeV and is isotropic within 1 per cent. When corrections for conduction-band non-parabolicity and hot polaron effects are applied, the band-edge free electron mass is calculated to be (m₀*(free)/m₀) = 0·0396 ± 0·0021 (±5·2 per cent).     

Convection in nanofluids due to the laser radiation absorption

The problem of arising of regular convection in the horizontal layer of nanofluid being in the gravity field upon the spatially periodic distribution of volume heat sources is considered. It is shown that other conditions being equal the system response has maximum, when the period of sources is approximately equal to the doubled layer thickness.     

Ultrasound absorption due to electrons and phonons in alkali liquid metals

The excess longitudinal ultrasonic absorption over and above the classical value in four alkali liquid metals near their melting points has been accounted for by the mechanisms of interaction of sound waves with the conduction electrons and the thermal phonons (Akhieser mechanism), both exhibiting a quadratic dependence on sound frequency. An expression, similar to the Bridgman relation for liquids, for the phonon conductivity in the liquid metals has been developed. This approach briefly reported here yields good results.     

Observation of megagauss-field topology changes due to magnetic reconnection in laser-produced plasmas

The spatial structure and temporal evolution of megagauss magnetic fields generated by interactions of up to 4 laser beams with matter were studied with an innovative, time-gated proton radiography method that produces images of unprecedented clarity because it uses an isotropic, truly monoenergetic back-lighter (14.7-MeV protons from D3He nuclear fusion reactions). Quantitative field maps reveal precisely and directly, for the first time, changes in the magnetic topology due to reconnection in a high-energy-density plasma (n(e) approximately 10(20)-10(22) cm(-3), T(e) approximately 1 keV).     

不同加热机制产生的超热电子的相干渡越辐射谐波研究

利用不同加热机制产生的超热电子所导致的相干渡越辐射(CTR)在谐波分量强度比上的不同，给出了区分飞秒激光等离子体相互作用产生超热电子过程中的主要与次要加热机制的一种可能方法.得到了加热周期不同的加热机制所产生超热电子的比例与CTR谐波分量的二倍频和一倍频的强度比之间的具体关系式.如果在实验上测到此谐波分量强度比，就可以推出不同加热机制在加热过程中所起作用的大致比例关系.另外，CTR谐波分量的强度比还与超热电子的温度、实验上所使用靶的厚度有一定依赖关系，对此作了较为详细的讨论. 关键词： 相干渡越辐射 超热电子 加热机制     

超热电子产生的靶后相干渡越辐射光谱实验研究

利用OMA光学多道分析仪测量了激光与薄膜靶相互作用中产生的辐射光谱，在靶后观察到红移的二次谐波发射. 这种二次谐波是v×B加热产生的、具有微脉冲结构的超热电子束在等离子体-真空边界产生的相干渡越辐射(CTR). 随着激光能量的增大，红移峰向长波方向移动，光谱同时发生展宽. 分析认为，等离子体临界面的迅速膨胀是导致二次谐波红移的主要原因. 随着预脉冲能量的增大，临界面膨胀速度增大，导致了发射峰更大的红移. 实验还测量了靶面法线方向的辐射光谱，观察到基频辐射的红移和展宽. CTR为诊断临界面的运动方向和速度提供了一种新的方法. 关键词： 相干渡越辐射 超热电子 超短超强激光 等离子体相互作用     

激光-纳米丝靶相互作用过程中超热电子的加热机理研究

超热电子的产生及其转化效率是快点火中的重要研究内容，也是优化快点火中的激光等离子体参数、降低对点火脉冲能量需求等方面的重要依据．纳米丝靶是提高激光一超热电子转化效率的一种有效途径，为了进一步理解激光．纳米丝靶相互作用中超热电子的产生过程以及加热方式，本文应用二维PIC（Flips2D）程序进行了相关的数值模拟．通过研究电子在丝靶中的运动轨迹发现了远离互作用面的冷电子通过回流的方式向互作用面运动，然后在互作用面附近与激光场相互作用被加热；研究了单个激光周期内电子密度和电子能量密度的变化，确定了反向运动的电子的能量要远小于前向运动的电子能量，确定了反向运动的电子大部分是冷电子的回流；通过研究场与电子空间位置随时间变化的关系，确定了丝靶中超热电子的加热机理为J×B机理．     

Anomalous absorption of high-energy green laser light in high- z plasmas

We observe strong anomalous absorption of green laser light in mm-scale high-temperature gold plasmas. Both the laser light absorption and the resulting increase of the electron temperature, which was measured independently with Thomson scattering, have been successfully modeled by including enhanced collisions due to heat-flux driven ion acoustic fluctuations. Calculations that include only inverse bremsstrahlung significantly underestimate the experimental laser absorption and the electron temperature.     

Observation of Ramsey resonance absorption in three separated laser fields produced by a corner reflector

Experimental observation of optical Ramsey interference in saturated absorption of methane in a low-pressure gas cell with three spacially separated laser beams at 3.39 μm is reported.     

Filamentation instability due to compressional Alfvén wave in laser heating of plasmas

It is shown that the filamentation instability of a high frequency pump wave can have an exceptionally low threshold intensity in a magnetized plasma. The excitation of a purely growing mode may have important consequences in the laser heating schemes of pinch devices.