Two millimeter solid-state source global optimum for quasi-optics power combiner

A global optimization method for discussing quasi-optical power combiner of solid-state millimeter-wave source is provided. The device we use operate at about 150 GHz and GaAs Gunn diodes are chosen here as active sources arranged in a planar matrix of N×N (N-3,5,..., 2k+1, where h is positive integer). The best array and the location of the active elements in the source-array plane which is the surface of one reflector we will discribe later can be given by global optimization, where the radio frequency power can reach sixfold to ninefold larger than the total sum of the individual diode power.Work suported by natural science fund of China.     

Global optimization design of quasi-optics fower combiner of solid-state millimeter wave resonator

This paper describes a global optimization design of quasi-optics power combiner of solid-state millimeterwave resonator. It is operated in the frequency range from 50 to 300 GHz using GaAs Gunn diodes. It is shown that sourcearrays containing N² (N=3,5,...2K+1, where k is positive integer) individual elements. It is very efficient power transfer of energy from the source-array to the fractional power of the fundamental beam mode etc.. The RF output power exceeded the sum of the individual diodes to be threefold to sevenfold. And this data is the global optimization solution.     

Multiple Diodes Quasi-Optical Oscillater

This paper presents quasi-optics techniques, millimeter techniques and a global optimization method etc techniques. It is a structure of quasi-optics power combiner, that includes a spherical reflection, that the radius of the curvature is R and another one is a hybrid reflector that is called input reflector. The space of the both reflectors is LL. The monolithic source-array is made up of 25 Gunn diodes that are mounted of parallel brass bars that have low thermal resistance. And the bars are fixed on the inner plane surface of the hybrid reflector. The hybrid reflector made up of a plane and a spherical, that the radius of the curvature are R. It is designed that higher fundamental mode power, larger fractional power of fundamental mode power and more combining efficiency of the quasi-optics power combiner.This paper describes an algorithm, which can determine the global optima of the power combiner of solid-state millimeter wave resonator. The global optimization method can determine a neighborhood of the global optima of an objective function and an estimation of the global optima. In the quasi-optical resonator, the objective functions are the fundamental mode power, the fractional power of fundamental mode and the combining efficiency respectively.     

Millimeter Wave Power Combiner Based on a Half-Open Resonator

Experimental investigations of quasi-optical power combiner based on a half-open resonator are described. Power and frequency characteristics have been studied for one or three diodes. It is shown that the positioning of the diodes is preferred over the center of the field spot along a resonator axis.     

6mm Solid state source power combiner

On 6mm wave band, the properties and structure of a power combiner which consists of two Gunn diodes in rectangle waveguide, the principle and experiments are reported. The theory is suitable for the power combiner operating below long-millimeter-wave region.     

A new kind of compound solid-state quasi-optical power combiner

In this paper, a new kind of solid-state quasi-optical power combiner is presented. It consists of two or more singlecavity multiple-device power combiners and a Fabry-Perot cavity. The experimenal results using six Gunn diodes at X-band show that the total output power is higher than 400 mW, the total combining efficiency is as high as 83%, and the frequency stability is better than 10^–5.     

Global optimization method in millimeter wave combiner

This paper describes an algorithm which can determine the global optima of the power combiner of solid-state millimeter wave resonator. The global optimization mehtod can determine a neighborhood of the global optima of an objective function and an estimation of the global optima. In this paper the objective function as follow: In the quasi-optical resonator, the objective function are the fundamental mode power, the fractional power of fundamental mode and the combining dfficiecy were done the objective functiona respectively, to calculate the global optima respectively. In the power combiner of solid-state millimeter wave source in rectangular waveguide cavity. the performance parameter are presentes by combining efficiency, tuning range, frequency drift, and FM noise were done the objective functions respectively. And to calculate the global optima respectively.     

基于过模波导的高功率微波准相干功率合成器

研究了一种用于功率合成的GW级高功率微波功率合成器。该合成器工作在X波段,输入微波由2路工作频率不同的X波段的微波源产生。为了满足输出功率和功率容量的要求,用于功率合成的微波源工作段波导的过模因子为12.7,这给功率合成器的设计带来了一定的困难。着重讨论了如何利用过模波导设计X波段高功率合成器,研究了如何抑制过模波导的高次模式并提高其功率容量和传输效率。设计的功率合成器单路传输效率达到99.0%以上,允许的最大输出功率达到5.6 GW以上,还可以按照需求适当增大高度,以进一步提高其功率容量而不影响传输效率。     

Global Optimization CAD in MM Wave Waveguide Cavity

This paper describes a global optimization design for power combiner of solid-state millimeter wave source in rectangular wave- guide cavity. The algorithm can determine a neighborhood of the global optimum of an objective function. In this paper, the performance parameter are presents by combining efficiency, tuning range, frequency drift, and FM noise were done the objective functions respectively. And it is to calculate the global optima respectively.     

Analysis on radial field of quasi-optical power combiner using complex source point theory

A uniform high-frequency solution is presented for the diffraction by a dielectric spherical mirror by a Gauss beam. Using the complex source-point theory, the radial field of quasi-optical power combiner is obtained. The E or H plane patterns of the combiner are calculated.     

Design of a Broadband E-Plane Power Combiner Based on Quarter-Arc Bent Rectangular Waveguides for Sub-THz and THz Wave

A method of designing an E-plane power combiner composed of two quarter-arc bent rectangular waveguides is proposed for sub-THz and THz waves.The quarter-arc bent-waveguide power combiner has a simple geometry which is easy to design and fabricate.By HFSS codes,the physical mechanism and performance of the power combiner are analyzed,and the relationship between the output characteristics and the structure/operating parameters is given.Simulation results show that our power combiner is suitable for the combining of two equalpower and reversed-phase signals,the bandwidth of the combiner is wide and can be adjusted by the radius of the quarter-arc,and the isolation performance of the combiner can be improved by adding thin film resistive septa at the junction of two quarter-arc bent waveguides.Meanwhile,an approximate method based on the analytic geometrical analysis is given to design this power combiner for different frequency bands.     

X波段高峰值功率速调管功率合成器设计

 基于微波电路理论和EBMA(extended boundary condition model analysis)电磁计算方法，先后设计了一个工作在9 GHz的4合1和8合1功率合成器。功率合成器可将多个侧壁矩形波导中相同输入的TE10模电磁波在中心圆波导中以TE01模式输出，实现功率的合成。利用EBMA方法和CST软件对所设计功率合成器的传输系数进行了计算，在中心频率9 GHz处，计算结果分别为1.00和0.99，从而验证了功率合成器具有良好的功率合成效果。对于8合1功率合成器，还根据模型简化的想法，使得功率合成器加载后，对输出腔间隙阻抗的计算成为可能。     

Ka-band solid-state pulsed Gunn oscillator and power combiner

GaAs Gunn diodes were fabricated for pulse source application at 8 mm wave band and operated with pulsewidths of 0.05 to 2.0 microseconds and duty cycles of 0.001 to 0.01. Peak pulse output power levels of 0.8–1.2W are achieved and the maximum available power is 1.6W with the highest efficiency of 6.5 percent. A simple and compact pulsed power combiner is also given in this paper.     

Millimeter wave source in the rectangular waveguide cavity

This paper describes a power combiner of solid—state millimeter wave in rectangular cavity. The operating frequency is about 50 GHz. And the sources of excitation are GaAs Gunn deodes. Final presents the performance parameter, combining efficiency, tuning range, frequency drift, and FM noise, etc. This paper also presents a millimeter wave source of rectangular waveguide cavity. Using an exellent algorithm to design rectangular waveguide cavity of power combimer. The algorithm gives the mathematial model, on the basis of the mathematial model, using CAD of PC microcomputer to design the parameters of the cavity. This paper presents a program of CAD of micocomputer.     

A terahertz on-chip InP-based power combiner designed using coupled-grounded coplanar waveguide lines

This article presents the design and performance of a terahertz on-chip coupled-grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) power combiner using a 50 μm-thick InP process. The proposed topology uses two coupled-GCPW lines at the end of the input port to substitute two quarter-wavelength GCPW lines, which is different from the conventional Wilkinson power combiner and can availably minimize the coverage area. According to the results obtained, for the frequency range of 210-250 GHz, the insertion losses for each two-way combiner and four-way combiner were lower than 1.05 dB and 1.35 dB, respectively, and the in-band return losses were better than 11 dB. Moreover, the proposed on-chip GCPW-based combiners achieved a compromise in low-loss, broadband, and small-size, which can find wide applications in terahertz bands, such as power amplifiers and signal distribution networks.     

Whisker-contacted diode-multipliers as quasioptical SMMW-arrays

Starting from a SMMW-multiplier design with quasioptical output two different multiplier compounds are presented. These new multipliers consist of a quasioptical antenna array in the output circuit which acts as a tunable power combiner. The multipliers work as quadruplers with an output frequency of 600 GHz. In all constructions the pump energy is fed into the diodes by a screened waveguide network. Optimum configurations for all arrays concerning quasioptical power combining are calculated and a theoretical comparison between the different multiplying conceptions is made. Finally some characteristic measurements of the quasioptical quadruplers are illustrated.This work was proposed by Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Brand under DFG research project Br 522/12. The author gratefully acknowledges the help of H. Froitzheim and U. Wohlrab who worked within their diploma thesis on the realization of the different multiplier arrays. Special thanks to G. Bauer, L. Höpfel, J. Popp and H. Froitzheim for machining and contacting the presented multiplier setups.     

Circuit analysis of the compound quasi-optical power combiner

In 1991, we developed a new type of quasi-optical power combiner, called a compound quasi-optical power combiner, at Ka-band. In this paper, the circuit of such a compound quasi-optical power combiner is analysed. Its equivalent circuit model is proposed. The circuit equations, the balance condition, the injection locking and the stabilized condition of the compound quasi-optical power combiner are studed by the equivalent circuit model. As an example, a compound quasi-optical power combiner which consists of two single—cavity, two—device power combiners is analysed     

紧凑型矩形波导内功率合成器设计

介绍了一种基于常规速调管功率合成和脉冲压缩的微波源系统,为实现多路高峰值功率速调管的功率合成,设计了一种紧凑型、近平面结构的微波功率合成器。在2.856 GHz频点处,合成器各端口反射损耗和相对端口隔离度均大于45 dB。当两路峰值功率为50 MW的微波功率合成时,合成器内的最大场强约为9.6 MV/m,合成效率大于99%。在四端口功率合成器的基础上,通过两级合成可实现一种八端口微波功率合成器,当四路峰值功率50 MW的微波功率合成时,合成器内最大场强约为13.5 MV/m。     

射频击穿等离子体对高功率微波传输特性的影响

利用极化正交的高功率微波合路器,开展了等离子体对于微波传输特性的实验研究.通过改变前级源的功率和脉冲宽度,使得在合路器耦合缝处发生射频击穿,产生等离子体.等离子体扩散进入微波传输主通道,对于高功率微波的传输产生明显的影响,导致微波能量吸收和极化的偏转.初步实验结果表明,等离子体扩散到主通道中心的时间约为3μs,扩散速度约为1μs/cm,等离子体的恢复时间约为5μs.实验测得等离子体导致的微波极化方向最大偏转角度约为4.1?,此时通道内电子个数约为3.7×1015,极化偏转角度与电子数密度以及微波频率相关.     

一种T形高功率微波功率合成器

提出了一种新型功率合成器,其工作原理为:通过在两个相互垂直的过模矩形波导中放置两组相互垂直的金属插板,对具有不同极化方向的矩形波导TE10模进行隔离传输,实现高功率微波的双路通道功率合成。基于这一原理初步设计了一个中心频率为9.55 GHz的功率合成器,并进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:这种功率合成器可以承受高功率,单通道工作时的功率容量分别大于7.31 GW和6.83 GW,中心频率上两个通道的单模功率传输效率分别达到了98%和99%,反射损耗分别小于-36 dB和-21 dB,通道之间的耦合损耗分别小于-30 dB和-45 dB。