Electrochemical Behavior of Anthraquinone in Reverse Micelles and Microemulsions of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide

The electrochemical behavior of an anthraquinone (AQ) was studied in aqueous solutions at a glassy carbon electrode, using the sodium salt of anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQS), by employing cyclic voltammetry. AQ undergoes a two-electron reduction in aqueous media. The electrochemical behavior of AQ was also investigated in micelles, reverse micelles (CTAB/1-butanol/water), and microemulsions (CTAB/1-butanol/water/cyclohexane) of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The electrode reactions of AQ in reverse micelles and microemulsions are nearly reversible at low oil (cyclohexane) content. However, at higher oil content, the reversibility is gradually lost. In the case of reverse micelles, the reduction current, as well as the reduction potential, of AQ depend on the transition from a micellar solution to a stable solution of reverse micelles that occurs with added 1-butanol. In microemulsions, the change in cyclohexane content was found to cause a linear increase in the peak current for AQ reduction as well as a linear decrease in the corresponding reduction potential. As the cyclohexane content is increased, the o/w microemulsions dominated by micelles undergo a transition to a w/o microemulsion dominated by reverse micelles, which causes changes in the electrochemical behavior.     

Rheological Properties of Wormlike Micelles Formed by Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Sodium Laurate

Aqueous solutions of mixed cationic and anionic surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium laurate (SL), have been studied by steady-state rheology and dynamic oscillatory technique. Wormlike micelles can form due to attractive interactions between the oppositely charged headgroups of CTAB and SL. The wormlike micelles formed by CTAB/SL have been compared with that of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB)/SL by steady-state rheology method. Effects of additional components such as NaBr, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the micelles formation process have also been investigated. Cole-Cole plot has been applied to study the dynamic viscoelasticity of the wormlike micelles.     

Supernucleophilic Reactivity of Hypobromite Ion toward 4-Nitrophenyl Diethylphosphonate in Water and Micelles of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide

The nucleophilic reactivity of the typical -nucleophile hypobromite ion, generated by the organic complexes of the tribromide ion, toward 4-nitrophenyl diethylphosphonate in water and micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was studied. The BrO^––CTAB system is one of the most effective for the decomposition of organophosphorus compounds; the concentrating effect of the reagents secures the rapid break down of 4-nitrophenyl diethylphosphonate in an aqueous–micellar medium with t _1/2 20 s (in water t _1/2 600 s).Yu. S. Simanenko: Deceased     

Foam and Wetting Films from Aqueous Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Solutions: Electrostatic Stability1

Foam films and wetting films on quartz formed from aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are investigated in a wide range of surfactant concentrations in the presence of background electrolyte (5 × 10^–4 mol dm^–3 NaCl). Foam and wetting films are convenient models for the study of symmetric (free thin liquid films) and asymmetric (thin liquid films on solid substrate) films with the same air/solution interface. Microinterferometric methods of assessment of foam and wetting films are used which allow precise determination of the film thickness. Determined are the values of the potential ₀ of the diffuse electrical layer at the solution/air interface (applying the method of equilibrium foam films) and the potential ₁ at the solution/quartz interface (applying the method of capillary electrokinetics). These values are used to analyze the stability of the films studied in terms of the DLVO theory. A conclusion drawn is that both kinds of films studied are stabilized by electrostatic interaction forces. It is shown that with increasing CTAB concentration, a charge reversal occurs at both the solution/air and solution/quartz interfaces which determines the stability/instability conditions of the foam and wetting films. Concentration ranges where both kinds of films produce stable (equilibrium) films are found. There are also concentration ranges where the films either rupture or are metastable (quasi-equilibrium). The CTAB concentration ranges, which provide the formation of unstable (rupturing and metastable) and stable films, are different for symmetric (foam) and asymmetric (wetting) thin liquid films. It is only at high CTAB concentrations (higher that >2 × 10^–4 mol dm^–3) that both cases render formation of stable equilibrium films. These studies give direct experimental indications that the electrostatic interactions between identical or different interfaces can differ when the surfactant concentration is varied.     

甲基化的β-环糊精与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺的相互作用

环糊精与表面活性剂的相互作用已有许多研究,但多局限于β－环糊精（β－CD）,而修饰的β－环糊精与表面活性剂的相互作用研究较少[1－3]．分子内扭转电荷转移（TICT）激发态对介质极性高度敏感性,已成功地用于探针环糊精与表面活性剂的相互作用[4]．研究表明,β－CD能够诱     

Water Structure Modification by Sugars and Its Consequence on Micellization Behavior of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Solution

Water structure modification by sugars with a wide difference in stereoregular structures ranging from monosaccharide to trisaccharide and its consequence on the micellization behavior of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous medium have been investigated. The characteristic variation in water absorption peaks in the presence of d(?)fructose has been studied by near-infrared spectroscopy. The analyses show that the hydrogen bonding capability of d(+)glucose, d(?)fructose, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose is mainly responsible for the variation in water-additive interactions. The critical micelle concentration determined by specific conductivity measurement and aggregation number determined by steady state fluorescence quenching method show significant variations in presence of additives for CTAB in aqueous solution. The sugars interact with the water structure to varying extents owing to differences in hydrogen bonding capability depending on the stereoregularity of the structure. This induces differences in the microenvironment for competition between the hydrophobic interaction and degree of hydration of the hydrophilic group of the surfactant to ultimately influence the micellization behavior in aqueous solution.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液热致相变的红外光谱研究

在280～320K的温度范围内考察了30％十六烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液的红外光谱随温度的变化。结果表明该体系的凝聚胶-液晶相转变温度为300K。在300K以下的凝聚胶相,分子的极性头部基团处于高度“固定”的状态,分子的碳氢链以有序的相互平行方式排列,极性头与碳氢链之间有一定的倾斜角。在300K以上的液晶相,极性头内部CH_3-(N~+)基团以及整个极性头与碳氢链之间发生了旋转,碳氢链变为以六方亚晶胞填充形式存在,旦扭曲式构象异构体数量显著增多,极性头与碳氢链之间已不存在倾斜角,分子的亲水极性头和疏水碳氢链部分都处于“融化”状态。     

Micellization of Cationic Surfactant Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Mixed Water-Alcohol Media

The effect of methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol on cmc and degree of counter ion binding, β, of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied conductometrically. The micellization of CTAB in these water-alcohol media have been found to be both dependent on nature as well as the concentration of alcohol in water. The cmc values shift toward higher concentration with increase in alcoholic content up to certain concentration beyond which decrease in cmc is registered in case of all the alcohols. However, the maximum in the cmc versus concentration of alcohol shifts to lower concentration with the increase in number of carbons in alcohol. β shows the inverse peaked behaviour in conformity with the cmc variation. The effects viz. solvent modifying tendency of alcohols and their tendency of penetration into the micelles have been used to interpret their effect on micellization of CTAB.     

Effects of Nonpolar Solvents on the Solubilization of Pepsin into Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Sodium Sulfosuccinate and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Reverse Micelles

Solubilization of pepsin by bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) reverse micelles has been studied at 20C. Isooctane, cyclohexane and hexane were used as solvents, and n-butanol, amyl alcohol and hexanol were used as cosurfactants for CTAB. AOT concentrations were varied from 50 to 500 mM and pepsin concentrations were varied from 2 to 10 mg-mL^–1. At 250 mM, AOT can solubilize more than 85% of the Pepsin in each solvent. The effect of aqueous-phase pH on the solubilization of Pepsin has been studied from pH 1 to 8. The maximum solubilization of pepsin was observed below the isoelectric point (pI = 1.5) of the protein at pH 1.0 with 300 mM of AOT. The CTAB solutions were prepared by dissolving CTAB in isooctane with varying concentrations (0–100% v/v) of n-butanol, amyl alcohol or hexanol cosurfactants. It was found that 5% cosurfactant with 100 mM of CTAB was sufficient to solubilize more than 90% of the total pepsin. Pepsin solubilization by AOT reverse micelles increases with increasing polarizability and molar volume of the solvents.     

表面活性剂增敏荧光光度法测定牛奶中的三聚氰胺

建立了表面活性剂增敏荧光光度法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺的方法。利用弱碱性介质中阳离子表面活性剂(CTMAB)对三聚氰胺荧光强度的增敏作用,在pH=8.0的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,以CTMAB为增敏剂,测定三聚氰胺,线性范围为25～1000μg/L,检出限为19μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.6%。按国标方法处理样品,采用本法测定,回收率偏高;利用自制固相萃取整体柱对牛奶样品进行预处理后,实际样品检测获得满意结果。此方法简便、快捷、准确,可用于大量牛奶样品中三聚氰胺的快速初筛及检测。     

Effect of Preliminary Binding of HAuCl4 with DNA and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Solution on Morphology of the Formed Nanoparticles

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Competitive interactions in the HAuCl4–DNA–cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) systems have been studied. Decisive role of the...     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵逆胶束介质中邻氯代苯亚甲基丙二腈的化学发光测定

以十六烷基三甲基溴化烷 (CTMAB)在氯仿 环己烷为主体溶剂相中所形成的逆胶束介质 ,基于鲁米诺 H2 O2 化学发光体系对邻氯代苯亚甲基丙二腈 (CS)进行定量分析 ,详细研究了氯仿与环己烷的不同配比、R值 ([H2 O] [表面活性剂 ])、CTMAB浓度、pH值、鲁米诺浓度及H2 O2 浓度对化学发光强度的影响。CS的检测线性范围为 1× 10 - 5～ 5 .5× 10 - 3mol L ,检出限达 4× 10 - 6 mol L(S N =3) ,对水样及土样的回收率均在 90 %以上。     

Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide as a Surface Modifier in Paper Separation of 2,4‐D and Silvex Herbicides from Aqueous Solutions

The paper capillary permeation adsorption (PCPA) separation of 2,4‐D and silvex herbicides from water by the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was studied. The effect of pH, CTAB concentration, and the type of PCPA treatment on separatability has been investigated. A nearly 100% separatability was obtained for each of 2,4‐D and silvex at pH values larger than 7 and 5, respectively. The separatability is greater than that without an addition of CTAB. It was confirmed that 2,4‐D and silvex are adsorbed as molecules on the fiber surface that contains ion pairs CTA⁺COO^? formed by the combination of CTA⁺ cations with the carboxyl groups bonded in the fiber surface.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改进Hummers法制备石墨烯的研究

将阳离子表面活性剂（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTAB）作为絮凝剂,利用其与氧化石墨烯（GO）产生静电吸引的原理,实现中间产物CTAB-GO复合物的快速分离和纯化,并利用水合肼还原制得还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）。采用UV-Vis、 SEM、 TEM、 AAS和XPS对石墨烯的形貌、纯度、制备过程及机理进行了分析表征。结果显示,CTAB能通过静电力吸附在GO表面,形成CTAB-GO复合物的絮凝沉淀。当CTAB和GO的质量比为1:2时,可以达到最佳的絮凝效果。该絮凝沉淀仅通过低压过滤或低速离心（3 000 rpm, 3 min）便能实现快速分离和纯化,得到CTAB-GO复合物。AAS和XPS证实CTAB-GO复合物中不存在杂质离子。此外,CTAB-GO复合物经过水合肼还原后,CTAB能快速完全脱除,从而得到高纯度RGO。     

痕量雌二醇的吸附方波伏安法检测

本文报道一种简便、快速、灵敏检测痕量雌激素的吸附溶出方波伏安法。该法先将雌二醇在玻碳电极上吸附富集一定时间 ,然后以方波伏安溶出法检测其氧化电流。介质为含有 8× 1 0 - 5mol· L- 1溴化十六烷基三甲铵 ( CTAB)的 0 .1 mol· L- 1磷酸盐缓冲溶液 ( p H=1 0 .0 )。该法检出限为 5× 1 0 - 8mol· L- 1,线性范围为 5 .2× 1 0 - 7～ 5× 1 0 - 5mol· L- 1。研究了雌二醇的电极反应机理     

十六烷基三甲基氯化铵在β-环糊精水溶液中的胶束化行为

通过测定十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）+H_2O和CTAC+β-环糊精（β-CD） +H_2O体系在298.15K时的电导和密度，计算了一系列重要的热力学参数，如临界胶 束浓度、胶束离解主工、CTAC分子碳链从β-环糊精水溶液到胶束的转移自由能、 CTAC的标准偏摩尔体积以及CTAC和β-CD形成的包络物的计量比和包络常数等，结 果表明，β-CD对CTAC的胶束化有较显蓍的影响，由于CTAC的疏水碳链被β-CD空腔 包络，CTAC的热力学活度降低，削弱了其胶束的生成，但是，β-CD及其包络物基 本上不参与CTAC胶束的生成，而且一旦胶束形成，包络物对CTAC的胶束性质也没有 明显的影响，在简单模型的基础上不参与CTAC胶束的生成，而且一旦胶束形成，包 络对CTAC的胶束性质也没有明显的影响，在简单模型的基础上，计算了CTAC分子碳 链进入β-CD疏水空腔的CH_2基团的数目，从另一方面证明β-CD与CTAC分子形成了 包络物，当β-CD的浓度较高时，包络物的计量比为2∶1。