数学思想方法在高等数学教育中的作用

从高等数学教育改革的角度,阐述了数学思想方法的含义和高等数学中的基本数学思想方法,论述了在高等数学教育中加强数学思想方法教学的重要性.     

数学教育技术的运用

首先综述了数学教育技术发展的历史与现状,然后讨论了数学教育技术的四大功能:计算与猜想功能、动态演示功能、智能化的教育功能和数据处理功能,在课件的制作使用中怎样运用教育技术,以及网络教育对数学教育的作用,最后讨论了目前数学教育技术存在的问题.     

Mathematics education and democracy

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between mathematics education and the notions of education for all/democracy. In order to proceed with our analysis, we present Marx’s concept of commodity and Jean Baudrillard’s concept of sign value as a theoretical reference in the discussion of how knowledge has become a universal need in today’s society and ideology. After, we engage in showing mathematics education’s historical and epistemological grip to this ideology. We claim that mathematics education appears in the time period that English becomes an international language and the notion of international seems to be a key constructor in the constitution of that ideology. Here, we draw from Derrida’s famous saying that “there is nothing beyond the text”. We conclude that a critique to modern society and education has been developed from an idealistic concept of democracy.     

Mathematics teaching is democratic education

It is a commonly held belief that mathematics teaching has no political effects. Astonishingly, however, the fact is that the style of argument now used in mathematics everywhere was not developed originally to do mathematics. Originally its function was to counteract the teaching by the early Greek sophists of rhetoric. Their training gave the rich and privileged such an advantage in public speaking that democracy was threatned. Making respectable a new form of argument, in which evidence and logical structure predominated, was a very radical act of enlightened democratic education. Mathematics teaching in the form of open critical dialogue between teacher and taught remains a powerful form of education in democratic attitudes. Ambitions to produce political ideas as infallible as mathematics have a modern origin. In the early part of this century, mathematics education was again becoming universal throughout Europe. In the same period the belief arose that mathematics could eventually be completed as a single structure of truth. This transformed mathematics into a paradigm of democracy in which unorthodoxy must necessarily be eliminated. Communicated to people everywhere by universal education, this belief increased respect for similar political ideas. Gödel’s proof that mathematics can never be completed came too late to correct these political effects, but modern teachers can again use mathematics as a proof of the value and success of democratic attitudes and ideas. Whilst mathematics itself is ethically neutral, the ethical principles which produced both democracy and mathematics and which can be converyed in mathematics teaching are highly relevant to the modern world, and should be understood and taught by teachers everywhere.     

大学数学与中学数学教学内容衔接研究

数学教育是一个完整的科学体系,对大学数学教育与中学数学教育进行衔接研究具有重要意义,而教学内容的衔接是二者衔接的一个重要方面.本文根据大学数学和中学数学教学中较普遍使用的经典教材,对大学数学和中学数学教学内容从数学符号使用、教学内容重叠、教学内容遗漏三个方面进行详细归纳总结,对于大学数学教学和大学数学教材的编写具有一定借鉴作用.     

Mathematics education research embracing arts and sciences

As a young field in its own right (unlike the ancient discipline of mathematics), mathematics education research has been eclectic in drawing upon the established knowledge bases and methodologies of other fields. Psychology served as an early model for a paradigm that valorized psychometric research, largely based in the theoretical frameworks of cognitive science. More recently, with the recognition of the need for sociocultural theories, because mathematics is generally learned in social groups, sociology and anthropology have contributed to methodologies that gradually moved away from psychometrics towards qualitative methods that sought a deeper understanding of issues involved. The emergent perspective struck a balance between research on individual learning (including learners’ beliefs and affect) and the dynamics of classroom mathematical practices. Now, as the field matures, the value of both quantitative and qualitative methods is acknowledged, and these are frequently combined in research that uses mixed methods, sometimes taking the form of design experiments or multi-tiered teaching experiments. Creativity and rigor are required in all mathematics education research, thus it is argued in this paper, using examples, that characteristics of both the arts and the sciences are implicated in this work.     

Integrating Science and Mathematics Education: Historical Analysis

A number of national science and mathematics education professional associations, and recently technology education associations, are united in their support for the integration of science and mathematics teaching and learning. The purpose of this historical analysis is two‐fold: (a) to survey the nature and number of documents related to integrated science and mathematics education published from 1901 through 2001 and (b) to compare the nature and number of integrated science and mathematics documents published from 1990 through 2001 to the previous 89 years (1901–1989). Based upon this historical analysis, three conclusions have emerged. First, national and state standards in science and mathematics education have resulted in greater attention to integrated science and mathematics education, particularly in the area of teacher education, as evidenced by the proliferation of documents on this topic published from 1901–2001. Second, the historical comparison between the time periods of 1901–1989 versus 1990–2001 reveals a grade‐level shift in integrated instructional documents. Middle school science continues to be highlighted in integrated instructional documents, but surprisingly, a greater emphasis upon secondary mathematics and science education is apparent in the integration literature published from 1990–2001. Third, although several theoretical integration models have been posited in the literature published from 1990–2001, more empirical research grounded in these theoretical models is clearly needed in the 21st century.     

Psychology and Mathematics Education

This article analyzes the relation between cognitive psychology, as a broad theoretical framework, and the psychology of mathematics education. It is argued that mathematics education should not simply "borrow" from cognitive psychology; rather, our discipline should provide its own psychological research problems, its adapted investigation strategies, and even, in certain circumstances, its adequate original concepts. It is argued that the didactical orientation of its research endeavors highlights new, original theoretical and applicative perspectives, perspectives that cognitive psychology cannot provide by itself. Some examples are described that emphasize the difference between the broad cognitive approach and that of the psychology of mathematics education.     

Psychology and Mathematics Education

This article analyzes the relation between cognitive psychology, as a broad theoretical framework, and the psychology of mathematics education. It is argued that mathematics education should not simply “borrow” from cognitive psychology; rather, our discipline should provide its own psychological research problems, its adapted investigation strategies, and even, in certain circumstances, its adequate original concepts. It is argued that the didactical orientation of its research endeavors highlights new, original theoretical and applicative perspectives, perspectives that cognitive psychology cannot provide by itself. Some examples are described that emphasize the difference between the broad cognitive approach and that of the psychology of mathematics education.     

Mathematics teaching before and after the Meiji Restoration

This paper outlines mathematical education before the Meiji Restoration, and how it changed as a result. The Meiji Restoration in 1868 completely changed the social structure of Japan. In the Edo period (1600?C1868) Japan was divided into domains (han) governed by local lords (daimyo). Tokugawa Shogunate supervised local lords and governed Japan indirectly. In the Edo period there were no wars for more than two centuries and many people participated in cultural activities. Japanese mathematics developed in its own way under the influence of old Chinese mathematics. Japan also had a good education system so that the literacy rate was quite high. Each domain had its own school for samurai but mainly education was provided privately. Private schools for elementary education were called terakoya, in which mainly reading and writing and often arithmetic by the soroban (Japanese abacus) were taught. In the Edo period the soroban (abacus) was the only tool for computation and Arabic numerals were not used. The Meiji government was eager to establish a modern centralized state in which education played a key role. In 1872 the Ministry of Education declared the Education Order, whereby in elementary schools only western mathematics should be taught and the soroban should not be used. But almost all teachers only knew Japanese traditional mathematics ??wasan?? so they insisted on using the soroban. This was the starting point of a long dispute on the soroban in elementary education in Japan. Two Japanese mathematicians, KIKUCHI Dairoku and FUJISAWA Rikitaro, played a central role in the modernization of mathematical education in Japan. KIKUCHI studied mathematics in England and brought back English synthetic geometry to Japan. FUJISAWA was a student of KIKUCHI at the Imperial University and studied mathematics in Germany. He was the first Japanese mathematician to make a contribution to original research in the modern sense. He published a book on mathematical education in elementary school, which built the foundation of mathematical education in Japan.     

论大学数学教育中的人文精神

讨论了大学数学教育中的人文精神.首先,分析说明了大学数学教育中培养人文精神的必要性.其次,阐明了大学数学教育中人文精神的内涵.最后,分析说明了要弘扬大学数学中的人文精神,培养高素质的人才.     

Mathematics and power: an alliance in the foundations of mathematics and its teaching

Following a genealogic approach, this paper discusses how logic and calculation are linked to epistemology, spirituality and politics; how mathematics education can be understood as an institution for a mathematical enculturation; and how, therefore, mathematics education necessarily (re)produces techniques of power which privilege some children while disadvantaging others. This approach criticises other critical studies on social dimensions of mathematics education which argue that the social dimensions are to be found in the application or teaching of mathematics alone. Instead, mathematics itself has, since its very beginning, been a knowledge which allows power, represents a specific world view and serves the interests of certain groups in society.     

The Impact of Problem Posing on Elementary Teachers' Beliefs About Mathematics and Mathematics Teaching

This study investigated the impact of incorporating problem posing in elementary classrooms on the beliefs held by elementary teachers about mathematics and mathematics teaching. Teachers participated in a year‐long staff development project aimed at facilitating the incorporation of problem posing into their classrooms. Beliefs were examined via pre‐ and postsurvey. Results indicated a positive impact on their beliefs about mathematics and mathematics instruction. Data from open‐ended written responses verified the impact of problem posing on the teachers and their classrooms. Based on these findings, it is recommended that problem posing be incorporated into all professional learning and undergraduate education programs.     

融入数学开放题 改进大学数学课堂教学

开放式课堂呼唤开放性问题,在数学课堂教学中适当引入数学开放题,有利于促进数学教育的开放化与个性化,使数学教育更具生命活力.数学开放题融入数学课堂教学的途径主要体现在:说书人式的"导入新课"让位于主持人般的"情境创设";单纯讲授改为师生互动;巩固练习中加入质疑反思;从讲细讲透到留有余地.这种做法能够激发学生的学习兴趣,拓展学生的思维空间,有效地培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,达到改进大学数学课程教学的目的.     

Factors Associated With Mathematics Achievement and Participation in Advanced Mathematics Courses: An Examination of Gender Differences From an International Perspective

This paper reports results of an exploratory study examining factors that might be associated with achievement in mathematics and participation in advanced mathematics courses in Canada, Norway, and the United States of America (USA). These factors, which were not directly related to schooling accounted for large degrees of variability, 24% to 39%, in mathematics achievement scores. Confidence in mathematics was the strongest predictor of achievement for students from Canada and Norway, whereas for the students from the USA, parents' highest education level was the highest predictor of achievement. Student home environment related variables were stronger predictors of achievement for females than for males in all three countries. The participation in advanced mathematics courses could be predicted with 72% to 76% accuracy by the same variables. In all of the three countries, the strongest predictors of participation in advanced mathematics courses were students' attitudes toward mathematics. Parents' education level, a socioeconomic related variable, was one of the strongest predictors of participation for Canadian female students and all students from the USA.     

独立学院高等数学课程体系架构的探讨

分析独立学院高等数学课程体系的现状及存在的问题,阐述对独立学院高等数学课程体系构建的原则,并就课程体系中的教学模式、教学内容、与教材建设方面提出一些方案和建议.     

中美大学数学教育研究之比较

论证了大学数学教育是高等教育的核心,数学教育本质上是一种素质教育,数学的应用遍及自然科学和社会科学.数学是大学理工科各专业知识的基础;探讨了大学数学教育研究的重要性,对中美大学数学教育的研究进行了对比,指出我们在研究大学数学教育方面的不足之处,提出了我们在大学数学教育研究方面的任务和目标.     

A Comparison of Preservice Elementary Teachers' Beliefs About Mathematics and Teaching Mathematics: 1968 and 1998

The study replicates Collier's (1972) work. It focuses on the beliefs of a large sample of elementary education students at four stages of teacher preparation, about both the nature of and the teaching of mathematics. The instrument measures what Collier termed a “formal‐informal” dimension of belief. The data suggest that initially the 1998 students held significantly more informal (constructivist) beliefs than did their 1968 counterparts. In both years, students moved toward more informal beliefs during the course of their programs, with the most significant changes occurring in their beliefs about how mathematics should be taught. However, apparent contradictions in belief structures were observed both at the start and at the end of their programs. Thus, it appears that though many students acquired new, more informal beliefs during the course of their programs, they did not develop robust, consistent philosophies of mathematics education.     

Parent Beliefs about Technology and Innovative Mathematics Instruction

Parent beliefs about roles of education, teachers, computers, and innovative mathematics instruction were examined through factor analysis. Strong relationships between parent beliefs regarding teacher and computer roles were found. The beliefs of parents about the similar roles of teachers and computers in education may impact the implementation of innovations in mathematics education and the uses of computers in education. Reciprocally, the ways computers are implemented in education may impact the beliefs parents have about the purposes of education.