直排型DF/HF化学激光器双喷管模型启动特性

 建立了一套直排型DF/HF化学激光器气流通道双喷管小型实验装置,通过选择不同副气流总压（模拟燃烧室气流）进行实验,研究了副气流总压对双喷管实验装置启动特性的影响。实验结果表明：随着副气流总压的增大,装置的启动压力降低,盲腔条件下的启动压力明显高于有副气流时的启动压力。因此,先通入燃烧室气流,再开通引射气流,对直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器的启动是有利的。采用1维处理方法,建立了从引射气流喷管入口、副气流喷管入口到扩压器出口的理论模型,得到了与实验一致的规律。由于1维理论中采用了一些近似处理,实际启动压力比理论数据高20%～31%。     

直排型DF/HF化学激光器气流通道模型实验研究

 为了探寻直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器的起动特性,建立了一套化学激光器气流通道单喷管小型模型实验装置,通过选用不同的气体（冷气流）作为工作介质和不同的扩压器进行实验,分别研究了工作介质的气动参量对模型起动特性和扩压器喉道最小面积的影响,并与1维定常流理论的计算结果作了比较。最后分析了基区对模型起动特性的影响,比较了两种类型基区的差异。实验结果表明:对于直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器,采用大比热容比、小相对分子质量的介质作为引射气流,喷管出口和基区之间带有一个向内的圆角,对提高DDCL整体性能是有利的。     

连续波DF/HF化学激光器气膜冷却式喷管流场数值分析

在连续波DF/HF化学激光器主喷管收缩段采用气膜冷却方式,从3维离散小孔注入氦气射流以隔离壁面和主气流。通过对3种气膜孔排布方式下喷管内主气流状态进行数值模拟研究,分析氦气与主气流之间的相互作用,比较了不同方式下主气流氟原子冻结效率及壁面冷却效果。考虑到DF/HF化学激光器主喷管结构尺寸较小,采用适当间隔的单排圆孔注入是现实可行的,并有望达到较好的冷却保护效果,从而提高激光器运转效率。     

直排型DF/HF化学激光器扩压器喉道最佳长度实验研究

 为了研究扩压器喉道长度对直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器起动特性的影响,建立了一套化学激光器气流通道双喷管小型实验模型。在无二次流的条件下,通过选用喉道长度不同的扩压器进行实验,分别得到对应的起动压力和工作压力,并将起动压力和工作压力的大小作为评价扩压器喉道长度优劣的依据。实验数据显示,对于该特定结构的直排型DF/HF激光器气流通道双喷管实验模型,扩压器喉道最佳长度为等效直径的17倍。     

氮作稀释剂DF化学激光器性能评价

对氮作稀释剂DF化学激光器的实用化途径进行探讨,对实验输出性能进行分析研究,并与一般的氦稀释剂DF激光器性能作一比较,结果表明,单从器件本身输出性能来说,氮稀释剂略次于氦稀释剂,但从综合性能考虑,氮稀释剂DF化学激光器仍是实用型器件理想的候选者之一。     

连续波DF激光器高腔压运转的数值研究

 对以C₂H₄作燃料、以He作稀释剂的燃烧驱动连续波DF化学激光器进行了模拟计算，着重研究了激光器在高腔压条件下的性能。通过比较两种具有不同喷管家结构的DF化学激光器的高腔压运转下的平均腔压、激射强度、输出耦合功率和化学效率，指出高腔压运转对喷管结构的要求。     

燃烧驱动连续波氟化氢(氘)化学激光器——三维列阵小孔喷管研究

文章针对燃烧驱动连续波氟化氢激光器分析了其喷管出口后的混合过程;同时也讨论了喷管设计参数、结构和加氢方式等对激光器输出功率、比功率的影响。实验表明在主喷管和副喷管之间混合距离为1.75mm时,用这种喷管的氟化氢激光器,比功率可达到 130J/g。     

超音速氮稀释连续波HF化学激光器小信号增益测量

 以氮为稀释剂的电激励连续波HF/DF化学激光器可以使用低温吸附泵代替传统的机械真空泵和洗消装置,大幅度降低激光器的系统体积和重量。使用小信号增益测量系统对某超音速氮稀释电激励连续波HF化学激光器的增益分布进行了测量。得到了在4种不同激光功率下P₁(4),P₁(6), P₂(4)～P₂(6)谱线的增益系数分布曲线。测得P2(4)为最强增益谱线,最大值为0.1 cm^-1;最强增益位置与最佳光轴位置相符;超音速气流使增益区延伸达2.5 cm。     

DF/HF化学激光器HYLTE喷管的副喷管质量流量系数

 对DF/HF化学激光器HYLTE喷管的副喷管质量流量进行了数值和理论计算，得出入口滞止压力在0.01~0.4MPa之间、喉道半高度在0.1~0.9mm之间的喷管的氘气，氢气和氦气质量流量系数，总结出质量流量系数随入口滞止压力和喉道高度的变化规律，并给出拟合公式，为副喷管的设计提供依据。     

氮稀释剂连续波DF激光器输出光谱分析

为获得氮稀释剂燃烧驱动连续波DF激光器输出光谱特性,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪对Z型折叠非稳定光学谐振腔DF激光器的外传输光路高反射镜散射激光进行了光谱分析.结果表明:采用N2稀释剂的DF激光输出谱线向长波偏移,有效输出波长大于4.0μm的3P10～3P13谱线,且各振动能级跃迁谱线为更高转动量子数跃迁谱线.各支谱线存在谱带间和谱带内竞争,且在一定程度上体现级联效应.改变燃烧室反应氧化剂过量系数,能够在一定程度上调节DF激光输出谱线分布.过量的副燃料主要为满足气动性能需求,在合适范围内变化的副燃料比对输出谱线及分布影响较小.研究结果可为燃烧驱动连续波DF激光技术研究及应用提供参考.     

氮稀释气体氧碘化学激光3维喷管流动模拟

 应用改进的3维化学反应流程序，对基于RADICL装置、以氮气为稀释气体的化学氧碘激光喷管流动做了数值模拟。给出了达到合适副气流穿深的主副气流匹配条件，考虑了提高水汽流量、改变主副气流总温对增益系数的影响，比较了与以氦气为稀释气体的不同特点。结果发现：氮气作为稀释气体条件下，混合气体的流速低，静压大，在亚声速区驻留时间长，碘分子离解快，使得增益系数峰值增大，且下降快。模拟结果提示：改变喷管结构，将副气流喷孔下移，增益分布得到了改善。     

粗糙度与气体稀薄性对微尺度流动特性的影响

对氮气和氦气在粗糙微通道以及光滑微通道内流动进行了阻力特性实验研究。实验结果表明,即使在较小的相对粗糙度高度下,由于微通道中的粗糙度分布密集,会极大地增加流动阻力,这是导致文献中微通道流动阻力系数实验值相互偏差的主要原因之一;而对于滑移区的气体流动,气体稀薄性使流动阻力明显减小而导致流量增加。     

无稀释气立式氧碘化学激光器的设计与实验

 分析了氧碘化学激光器（COIL）在无稀释气条件下工作所带来的一系列问题和对其性能的影响，并提出了相应的解决方法，进而对COIL结构和相关参数进行了有针对性的设计和实验研究。在氯气流量为117.6 mmol/s时,平均输出功率2.25 kW，化学效率达到21.1%，比功率0.22 J/g；分别以氦气和氮气为稀释气，对COIL进行了参数和实验数据比较。     

Investigations on non-stoichiometric zirconium nitrides

Non-stoichiometric zirconium nitride thin films were prepared by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. Structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated with respect to nitrogen gas flow. The film characterization was obtained through various techniques: Rutherford back scattering (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflectometry and a four probe method. We found that the deposition rate decreases while the nitrogen flow increases. Also it was shown that a stoichiometric compound (ZrN) is formed at a 4 sccm nitrogen flow. It has a rock-salt structure and presents a minimum of resistivity and a gold-like color. As nitrogen flow increases, films become more and more amorphous, semi-transparent and electrically resistive. Furthermore, at a nitrogen flow of 9 sccm, the nitrogen to zirconium atomic concentration ratio is near 1.33 and the film exhibits properties close to those of a Zr₃N₄ phase.     

Effect of nitrogen gas flow and growth temperature on extension of GaN layer on Si

The effect of nitrogen flow and growth temperature on extension of GaN on Si substrate has been studied. By increasing the nitrogen flow whose outlet is located in the center of the MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition) gas/particle screening flange and by increasing the growth temperature of HT-AlN and AlGaN buffer layers near the primary flat of the wafer, the GaN layer has extended more adequately on Si substrate. In the meantime, the surface morphology has been greatly improved. Both the AlN and GaN crystal quality uniformity has been improved. X-ray diffraction results showed that the GaN (0002) XRD FWHMs (full width at half maximum) decreased from 579 arcsec～ 1655 arcsec to around 420 arcsec.     

Experimental study of detonation in a cryogenic two-phase H2–O2 flow

Direct initiation and propagation of detonation through a cryogenic two-phase flow constituted by liquid oxygen droplets in gaseous hydrogen at 100 K are experimentally investigated. The influence of droplet size distribution is characterized in a cryogenic gaseous helium and liquid oxygen two-phase flow. Droplet sizing and detonation experiments are conducted by varying different parameters: distance from the injector, helium and hydrogen mass flow rates, global equivalence ratio and addition of gaseous nitrogen. Droplet size distributions reveal quick vaporization of the smallest droplets of the cryogenic jet. Results in terms of wave velocity, pressure, and detonation cells show that a detonation wave can be directly initiated, with a propagation wave velocity of 20% higher than the Chapman–Jouguet value. Cell size measurements show that the mixture sensitivity is not affected by the presence of droplets. Addition of gaseous nitrogen reduces only slightly the peak pressure, but the detonation velocity is reduced by about 30%.     

Gas flow characteristics in straight silicon microchannels

Experiments have been conducted to investigate nitrogen gas flow characteristics through four trapezoidal silicon microchannels with different hydraulic diameters. The volume flow rate and pressure ratio are measured in the experiments. It is found that the friction coefficient is no longer a constant, which is different from the conventional theory. The characteristics are first explained by the theoretical analysis. A simplified rectangular model (rectangular straight channel model) is then proposed. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical predictions based on the simplified rectangular model and the two-dimensional flow between the parallel-plate model which was usually used. The difference between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions is found in the high-pressure ratio cases. The influence of the gas compressibility effect based on the Boltzmann gas kinetic analysis method is studied to interpret the discrepancy. We discuss two important factors affecting the application extent of different prediction models.