芳香聚酰亚胺气体分离膜

芳香聚酰亚胺一直在电子、复合材料及粘接剂等领域广泛地应用。最近,聚酰亚胺膜已用于气体的分离过程。这是因为芳香聚酰亚胺是具有高玻璃化温度的玻璃态聚合物,它对小分子比大分子有更大的选择透过性,高选择性是与玻璃态聚合物的僵硬主链,对不同尺寸的分子提供筛分作用相连系的。新开发的芳香聚酰亚胺膜是用联苯四甲酸二酐与芳香二胺缩聚制备的聚酰亚胺溶液制造的。这种中空纤维状的膜是由一个多孔结构支撑的一个很薄的外表面组成的。它可通过聚合物溶液采用干——湿法过程纺丝而成,经溶剂交换干燥,外层的致密部分由计算可知厚度低于0.1μm。它对H_2与CO、CH_4.N_2及其它气体的分离有高度的选择性。由于它具有聚酰亚胺特有的耐高温性能,所以可以在很广的气体加工条件下使用。这种膜对水蒸气有很高的透过性,因而也可用于有机蒸气的脱水,或空气干燥。此膜对水蒸气的透过速度为乙醇的100～200倍。30%的乙醇水溶液,经一次膜分离,浓度可提高到99%。空气干燥系统可产出达到-50℃露点的空气。     

聚酰亚胺气体分离膜的进展

本文叙述了近年来聚酰亚胺气体分离膜的发展概况。讨论了聚合物结构、共聚改性、交联改性和成膜历史对聚酰亚胺透气性能的影响。脂环族聚酰亚胺和六氟二酐(6FDA)型聚酰亚胺兼具有高透气性和高透气选择性,是一类具有发展前途的气体分离膜材料。     

自具微孔高分子气体分离膜的结构调控与改性研究

自具微孔高分子（polymers of intrinsic microporosity, PIMs）是近年来出现的一种新型有机微孔材料,由含有扭曲结构的刚性单体聚合而成,具有比表面积高、化学和物理性质稳定、微孔结构可控等优点,在均相催化、氢气储存等方面表现出巨大的应用潜力。因其优越的气体分离性能,PIMs气体分离膜更是吸引了众多研究者的关注,发展迅速。本文总结了PIMs的分类及其在气体分离膜中的应用,重点介绍了PIMs气体分离膜的结构调控与改性方面的研究进展,分析了PIMs的分子结构与气体分离性能间的内在关联,最后提出了目前研究中存在的一些问题并对其发展做出了简要的评述。     

金属有机骨架材料/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的制备及气体分离性能

合成了3种不同结构、 粒径和气体吸附性能的金属有机骨架材料(MOFs): 微米级Cu₃(BTC)₂、 亚微米级ZIF-8和S-Cu₃(BTC)₂. 氮气吸附等温线分析结果表明, ZIF-8和Cu₃(BTC)₂具有较大比表面积(1653和1439 m²/g), S-Cu₃(BTC)₂的比表面积为171.4 m²/g. 用共混法将MOFs直接引入聚酰亚胺中制备了MOFs/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜(MMMs). X射线衍射(XRD)和全反射红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)分析结果表明, MOFs在混合基质膜中保持物理和化学稳定. 气体渗透测试结果表明, MOFs的加入使膜的气体渗透分离性能明显提高, S-Cu₃(BTC)₂使渗透系数增加了1.75倍; ZIF-8和Cu₃(BTC)₂使渗透系数增加了3倍左右; 同时, 膜的气体分离系数变化很小.     

气体分离膜研究进展

全面综述了近几年气体分离膜研究的最新进展,主要包括气体分离膜材料、制膜方法、表征方法三个方面。     

聚酰亚胺碳分子筛气体分离膜的研究进展

聚酰亚胺碳分子筛膜由于具有较高的热稳定性、耐化学性、气体渗透性和选择性,而受到广泛关注。根据近年来聚酰亚胺碳分子筛膜在气体分离方面的研究现状,详细介绍了填充改性、对前驱体进行预处理和聚酰亚胺单体改性的研究成果,并展望了聚酰亚胺碳分子筛分离膜的发展趋势,以期为未来高效分离膜的研发提供参考。     

含叔丁基聚酰亚胺均质膜的气体分离性能

采用高温“一步法”缩聚合成了一系列含叔丁基的可溶性芳香聚酰亚胺树脂, 然后通过溶液浇注法制得相应均质薄膜, 并对其气体分离性能进行了测试, 同时研究了二酐结构和温度对聚酰亚胺均质膜气体分离性能的影响. 结果表明, 对于H₂, N₂, O₂, CO₂和CH₄ 等5种气体, 含叔丁基聚酰亚胺均质膜不仅表现出良好的透气性, 而且具有较高的气体透过选择性, 4,4'-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐(6FDA)和均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)两类聚酰亚胺均质膜的气体分离性能最佳. 除CO₂外, 这两类聚酰亚胺均质膜的气体渗透系数随温度升高而升高, 而所有测试气体在这两种均质膜中的扩散系数和溶解度系数均随温度升高而增大.     

过渡金属有机络合物添加剂对聚酰亚胺气体分离膜性能的影响

采用具有庞大取代基团的过渡金属有机络合物作为添加剂制备了聚酰亚胺气体分离膜,研究了过渡金属盐、有机配体和金属络合物对聚酰亚胺均质膜和非对称膜氢、氮气体透过性能的影响,结果表明过渡金属盐添加剂提高了分离系数,但降低了气体透过速率;有机配体添加剂增大了气体透过速率却降低了分离系数;以络合物作添加剂时,可在不降低分离系数的情况下使气体透过速率得到提高,是一种改进气体分离膜性能的有效方法。     

聚酰亚胺微孔膜疏水化用于膜蒸馏

采用聚合物表面涂覆改性的方法，将疏水性聚合物硅橡胶涂覆在聚酰亚胺亲水微孔膜上，制得了具有良好膜蒸馏性能的聚酰亚胺疏水微孔复合膜。研究了涂覆工艺条件对所得聚酰亚胺疏水微孔复合膜的膜蒸馏性能的影响。结果表明，控制适当工艺条件可制得具有高膜蒸馏通量的聚酰亚胺微孔复合膜，其透过系数可达２．１７×１０－３ｋｇ／ｍ２·ｈ·Ｐａ。该改性聚酰亚胺疏水微孔复合膜使用３７ｄ后，截留率仍保持在９９．５％以上，具有较长使用寿命。     

气体分离用MOF基混合基质膜的界面构建策略

混合基质膜结合多孔填料优异的气体分离性能和聚合物材料良好的加工性能,被认为是最具有应用前景的一种气体分离膜材料。金属-有机框架材料(MOF)由于具有高比表面积和孔隙率、可调节的孔径以及可修饰的表面性能,成为制备混合基质膜的重要多孔材料。本文针对MOF基混合基质膜制备中所面临的主要挑战,聚焦于MOF和聚合物界面缺陷问题,分析了界面缺陷的产生原因及其对性能的影响,重点阐述了改善MOF填料和聚合物基质界面相容性的策略,以期为制备具有良好的界面形态和优异的气体分离性能的混合基质膜提供借鉴思路。     

Two‐Dimensional Microporous Material‐based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation

Since the discovery of graphene and its derivatives, the development and application of two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted enormous attention. 2D microporous materials, such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) and so on, hold great potential to be used in gas separation membranes because of their high aspect ratio and homogeneously distributed nanometer pores, which are beneficial for improving gas permeability and selectivity. This review briefly summarizes the recent design and fabrication of 2D microporous materials, as well as their applications in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. The enhanced separation performances of the membranes and their long‐term stability are also introduced. Challenges and the latest development of newly synthesized 2D microporous materials are finally discussed to foresee the potential opportunities for 2D microporous material‐based MMMs.     

Reverse‐Selective Microporous Membrane for Gas Separation

Sort the bigs from the smalls : Reverse‐selective membranes, through which bigger molecules selectively permeate, are attractive for developing chemical processes. A new adsorption‐based reverse‐selective membrane that utilizes a Na cation occluded in a zeolitic framework is presented. The membrane developed enables the selective permeation and separation of bigger polar molecules, such as methanol and water, from hydrogen above 473 K.

     

共轭微孔聚合物膜的制备策略及其分离应用

降低工业分离过程的能耗为缓解全球能源紧缺问题提供了有效途径. 相比传统工业分离技术, 膜分离技术能耗低、经济效益高, 开发高效的膜材料是提升膜分离性能的重要手段. 共轭微孔聚合物(CMP)膜具有刚性永久超微孔道、高孔隙率、孔结构及化学环境可调控、交联骨架稳定性好等优势, 在分离领域具有良好的应用前景. 概述了近年来CMP膜的制备方法并简要对比了其优缺点, 阐述了CMP膜在气体分离、有机溶剂纳滤、离子筛分和手性分离等领域的分离机理和研究进展, 为开发新型具有良好分离性能的CMP膜材料提供研究思路.     

Molecularly Engineered 6FDA-Based Polyimide Membranes for Sour Natural Gas Separation

Glassy polyimide membranes are attractive for industrial applications in sour natural gas purification. Unfortunately, the lack of fundamental understanding of relationships between polyimide chemical structures and their gas transport properties in the presence of H₂S constrains the design and engineering of advanced membranes for such challenging applications. Herein, 6FDA-based polyimide membranes with engineered structures were synthesized to tune their CO₂/CH₄ and H₂S/CH₄ separation performances and plasticization properties. Under ternary mixed sour gas feeds, controlling polymer chain packing and plasticization tendency of such polyimide membranes via tuning the chemical structures were found to offer better combined H₂S and CO₂ removal efficiency compared to conventional polymers. Fundamental insights into structure–property relationships of 6FDA-based polyimide membranes observed in this study offer guidance for next generation membranes for sour natural gas separation.     

气体分离用PI/TiO2纳米复合膜的制备

聚酰亚胺/TiO2;量子尺寸效应;气体分离器;气体分离用PI/TiO2纳米复合膜的制备     

Molecularly Engineered 6FDA‐Based Polyimide Membranes for Sour Natural Gas Separation

Glassy polyimide membranes are attractive for industrial applications in sour natural gas purification. Unfortunately, the lack of fundamental understanding of relationships between polyimide chemical structures and their gas transport properties in the presence of H₂S constrains the design and engineering of advanced membranes for such challenging applications. Herein, 6FDA‐based polyimide membranes with engineered structures were synthesized to tune their CO₂/CH₄ and H₂S/CH₄ separation performances and plasticization properties. Under ternary mixed sour gas feeds, controlling polymer chain packing and plasticization tendency of such polyimide membranes via tuning the chemical structures were found to offer better combined H₂S and CO₂ removal efficiency compared to conventional polymers. Fundamental insights into structure–property relationships of 6FDA‐based polyimide membranes observed in this study offer guidance for next generation membranes for sour natural gas separation.     

二维材料膜在气体分离领域的最新研究进展

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, led by graphene, have emerged as nano-building blocks to develop high-performance membranes. The atom-level thickness of nanosheets makes a membrane as thin as possible, thereby minimizing the transport resistance and maximizing the permeation flux. Meanwhile, the sieving channels can be precisely manipulated within sub-nanometer size for molecular separation, such as gas separation. For instance, graphene oxide (GO) channels with an interlayer height of about 0.4 nm assembled by external forces exhibited excellent H₂/CO₂ sieving performance compared to commercial membranes. Cross-linking was also employed to fabricate ultrathin (< 20 nm) GO-facilitated transport membranes for efficient CO₂ capture. A borate-crosslinked membrane exhibited a high CO₂ permeance of 650 GPU (gas permeation unit), and a CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 75, which is currently the best performance reported for GO-based composite membranes. The CO₂-facilitated transport membrane with piperazine as the carrier also exhibited excellent separation performance under simulated flue gas conditions with CO₂ permeance of 1020 GPU and CO₂/N₂ selectivity as high as 680. In addition, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with layered structures, if successfully exfoliated, can serve as diverse sources for MOF nanosheets that can be fabricated into high-performance membranes. It is challenging to maintain the structural and morphological integrity of nanosheets. Poly[Zn₂(benzimidazole)₄] (Zn₂(bim)₄) was firstly exfoliated into 1-nm-thick nanosheets and assembled into ultrathin membranes possessing both high permeance and excellent molecular sieving properties for H₂/CO₂ separation. Interestingly, reversed thermo-switchable molecular sieving was also demonstrated in membranes composed of 2D MOF nanosheets. Besides, researchers employed layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to prepare molecular-sieving membranes via in situ growth, and the as-prepared membranes showed a remarkable selectivity of ~80 for H₂-CH₄ mixture. They concluded that the amount of CO₂ in the precursor solution contributed to LDH membranes with various preferred orientations and thicknesses. Apart from these 2D materials, MXenes also show great potential in selective gas permeation. Lamellar stacked MXene membranes with aligned and regular sub-nanometer channels exhibited excellent gas separation performance. Moreover, our ultrathin (20 nm) MXene nanofilms showed outstanding molecular sieving property for the preferential transport of H₂, with H₂ permeance as high as 1584 GPU and H₂/CO₂ selectivity of 27. The originally H₂-selective MXene membranes could be transformed into membranes selectively permeating CO₂ by chemical tuning of the MXene nanochannels. This paper briefly reviews the latest groundbreaking studies in 2D-material membranes for gas separation, with a focus on sub-nanometer 2D channels, exfoliation of 2D nanosheets with structural integrity, and tunable gas transport property. Challenges, in terms of the mass production of 2D nanosheets, scale-up of lab-level membranes and a thorough understanding of the transport mechanism, and the potential of 2D-material membranes for wide implementation are briefly discussed.     

PEEK–WC-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing Polyimine Cages for Gas Separation

Membrane-based processes are taking a more and more prominent position in the search for sustainable and energy-efficient gas separation applications. It is known that the separation performance of pure polymers may significantly be improved by the dispersion of suitable filler materials in the polymer matrix, to produce so-called mixed matrix membranes. In the present work, four different organic cages were dispersed in the poly(ether ether ketone) with cardo group, PEEK-WC. The m-xylyl imine and furanyl imine-based fillers yielded mechanically robust and selective films after silicone coating. Instead, poor dispersion of p-xylyl imine and diphenyl imine cages did not allow the formation of selective films. The H₂, He, O₂, N₂, CH₄, and CO₂ pure gas permeability of the neat polymer and the MMMs were measured, and the effect of filler was compared with the maximum limits expected for infinitely permeable and impermeable fillers, according to the Maxwell model. Time lag measurements allowed the calculation of the diffusion coefficient and demonstrated that 20 wt % of furanyl imine cage strongly increased the diffusion coefficient of the bulkier gases and decreased the diffusion selectivity, whereas the m-xylyl imine cage slightly increased the diffusion coefficient and improved the size-selectivity. The performance and properties of the membranes were discussed in relation to their composition and morphology.