晚期糖基化终末产物荧光测量及其预校正技术研究

分析了检测晚期糖基化终末产物的必要性,利用晚期糖基化终末产物特定的激发谱和荧光发射谱,设计了皮肤晚期糖基化终末产物荧光测量装置。采用370 nm的单色光作为激发光源,分别对30例志愿者(糖尿病患者11人和对照组19人)的皮肤前臂内侧组织进行了荧光光谱检测。发现同一测试对象在前臂内侧不同部位的测试结果存在差异,肤色对测试结果也会产生很大的影响。利用光谱预校正技术消除了测量位置和皮肤肤色对测试结果的影响,结果表明该预校正技术具有一定的校正效果,重复性较好。     

皮肤晚期糖基化终末产物的自体荧光光谱特性

在分析晚期糖基化终末产物(Advanced glycation end products,AGEs)标准品三维荧光光谱和皮肤中AGEs自体荧光光谱的基础上,确定了皮肤中AGEs的最佳激发波长为370 nm.使用自行设计的皮肤荧光光谱检测装置对正常人和糖尿病患者皮肤AGEs的荧光光谱进行了检测,结果表明:在418,450...     

荧光光谱法检测角膜晚期糖基化终末产物研究

晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）是一种结构多样的化合物,在人体血糖高于正常范围时,会大量产生且不能通过自身代谢降解,具有血糖长期异常的记忆作用。研究表明AGEs是引起糖尿病及其并发症的重要因素之一,通过检测体内AGEs的积累情况可以预测糖尿病及其并发症的发生和发展进程。现有的离体AGEs检测方法存在操作复杂、时间较长、成本较高和不易推广等问题;在体AGEs检测方法存在皮肤色素、年龄和血红蛋白干扰等问题。为此,基于角膜良好的光学特性和AGEs的自体荧光特性,提出一种角膜晚期糖基化终末产物荧光光谱检测方法。构建了一套角膜AGEs荧光光谱检测系统,系统由微型光纤光谱仪、集成LED激发光源、Y型12+1光纤和PC端光谱处理显示软件组成。荧光光谱检测系统采用激发光源波长分别为370和395 nm在暗室条件下对17名志愿者（男性9人,女性8人,糖尿病患者4人,年龄最小15周岁,最大81周岁）进行数据采集,得到激发光波长分别为370和395 nm的荧光光谱数据。为了准确识别荧光光谱中的有用信息,先截取需要的荧光光谱数据段（450~700 nm）,然后对其进行去除背景噪声、归一化、小波变化等方法处理,可以将荧光光谱中不明显的荧光峰值进行放大和识别。实验结果发现,采用波长为370和395 nm的LED作为激发光源,检测到角膜发射的荧光光谱范围在420~600 nm内,并且都分别在450~500,500~550和550~600 nm三个范围内存在光谱峰值。根据荧光性物质的荧光峰值与激发光波长无关的原理,表明两种不同波长的激发光所得到的荧光光谱都是由同一种物质AGEs产生。对糖尿病患者和正常人的荧光峰值强度进行分析,显示糖尿病患者的荧光强度明显高于正常人,表明本研究通过荧光光谱法检测角膜晚期糖基化终末产物具有可行性。     

晚期糖基化终末产物荧光光谱测量系统的设计

提出了一种利用荧光光谱技术测量晚期糖基化终末产物的方法,阐述了该荧光光谱测量系统的测量原理,设计并搭建了该荧光光谱测量系统。利用该系统对365,370,375,380,385 nm波段进行了激发光谱扫描测试,得出375 nm为最佳激发波长;采用375 nm的单色光作为激发光源,分别对正常人和糖尿病患者的皮肤进行了荧光光谱检测,发现两者在450 nm附近的荧光存在明显的差异。实验结果证明该荧光光谱测量系统快速、无创、简单,可应用于对糖尿病、人体衰老、氧化应激等病情进行早期预测和诊断。     

光谱校正技术在皮肤晚期糖基化终末产物检测中的应用

利用近紫外荧光光谱测量了人体皮肤组织晚期糖基化终末产物,并针对由被测皮肤组织吸收和散射引起的光谱畸变问题,重点研究了自体荧光光谱校正技术在荧光无创检测中的应用。采用波长为370nm的单色光照射人体手臂内侧皮肤,用光纤探头收集自体荧光光谱。在同一测试位置对荧光波段进行光谱扫描,得到皮肤组织反射率曲线。通过利用皮肤反射率曲线校正相应自体荧光光谱来获得固有荧光光谱。分别对糖尿病患者和健康对照组进行光谱检测和光谱校正,分析比较不同测试对象的校正结果。实验结果表明,光谱校正技术剔除了不同测试对象的皮肤差异对自体荧光光谱的影响,获得的固有荧光光谱能够作为区分糖尿病患者和健康对照组的依据。     

基于神经网络模式识别的糖尿病无创风险评估方法研究

晚期糖基化终末产物在人体皮肤组织中的浓度与高血糖水平密切相关,且具有自发荧光特性。使用自行研制的光学无创检测装置对人体皮肤组织的自体荧光光谱进行测量,建立神经网络模式识别模型对检测对象患有糖尿病的可能性进行风险评估。利用检测装置获取荧光光谱后对光谱数据进行主成分分析,选取前4个主成分作为光谱的特征,建立一个具有4个输入层节点、6个隐层节点、1个输出节点的神经网络模式识别模型。选取在安徽省立医院测量的487例对象数据训练该模型,以70%数据作为训练集,15%数据作为验证集,15%数据作为测试集。模型可给出测试对象罹患糖尿病的风险,或直接给出是否糖尿病的判断。结果显示该模型的受试者工作特性曲线的线下面积为0.81,标准误差为0.02;以模型输出0.5为分类界限时的敏感性为72.4%,特异性为77.6%,整体准确率为74.9%。本研究首次提出使用皮肤组织自体荧光结合神经网络模式识别模型对糖尿病进行无创风险评估,实验结果表明该方法的筛查效果优于目前常用的空腹静脉血浆血糖值法和糖化血红蛋白法。     

基于光谱学技术对丁香油与乙酸乙酯相抑LDL非酶糖基化、氧化修饰能力的比较

低密度脂蛋白(LDL)非酶糖基化和氧化修饰均是导致动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关键因素。前人发现,丁香可有效抑制牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)糖基化修饰,丁香乙酸乙酯相(EAEC)和丁香油(CBO)均具有很强的抗氧化活性。为了确定丁香抑制LDL糖基化及氧化所对应的最有效成分,在前人研究基础上采用光谱学技术对EAEC和CBO抑制LDL糖基化及氧化功能进行了比较。首先建立LDL-葡萄糖糖基化孵育体系,通过测定糖基化早期、中期和末期产物及三维荧光光谱的变化比较CBO和EAEC抑制LDL糖基化修饰的效果。其次,建立LDL-CuSO₄氧化孵育体系,通过测定荧光指标和三维荧光光谱、紫外可见波长扫描来比较两者抑制LDL氧化修饰效果。结果发现,EAEC和CBO对LDL糖基化修饰过程中产生的早期产物(Amadori产物)、中期产物(二羰基化合物)及终末期产物(戊糖素和AGEs)均具有很强的抑制效果,且EAEC的抑制效果均强于CBO;三维荧光光谱表征得到相同的结果。在LDL氧化修饰比较中,CBO对色氨酸(Trp)荧光猝灭、总荧光产物及脂褐素的生成、赖氨酸(Lys)修饰的抑制效果均显著强于非油成分的EAEC;三维荧光光谱表征也得到相同的结果;紫外、可见全波长扫描反映CBO比EAEC对共轭二烯(CD)生成及光谱红移的抑制效果更强。研究结果为后续锁定重点成分分离、纯化及研发丁香抗LDL糖基化及氧化功能食品提供参考。     

基于光谱学技术对丁香油与乙酸乙酯相抑制LDL非酶糖基化、氧化修饰能力的比较

低密度脂蛋白(LDL)非酶糖基化和氧化修饰均是导致动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关键因素。前人发现,丁香可有效抑制牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)糖基化修饰,丁香乙酸乙酯相(EAEC)和丁香油(CBO)均具有很强的抗氧化活性。为了确定丁香抑制LDL糖基化及氧化所对应的最有效成分,在前人研究基础上采用光谱学技术对EAEC和CBO抑制LDL糖基化及氧化功能进行了比较。首先建立LDL-葡萄糖糖基化孵育体系,通过测定糖基化早期、中期和末期产物及三维荧光光谱的变化比较CBO和EAEC抑制LDL糖基化修饰的效果。其次,建立LDL-CuSO4氧化孵育体系,通过测定荧光指标和三维荧光光谱、紫外可见波长扫描来比较两者抑制LDL氧化修饰效果。结果发现,EAEC和CBO对LDL糖基化修饰过程中产生的早期产物(Amadori产物)、中期产物(二羰基化合物)及终末期产物(戊糖素和AGEs)均具有很强的抑制效果,且EAEC的抑制效果均强于CBO;三维荧光光谱表征得到相同的结果。在LDL氧化修饰比较中,CBO对色氨酸(Trp)荧光猝灭、总荧光产物及脂褐素的生成、赖氨酸(Lys)修饰的抑制效果均显著强于非油成分的EAEC;三维荧光光谱表征也得到相同的结果;紫外、可见全波长扫描反映CBO比EAEC对共轭二烯(CD)生成及光谱红移的抑制效果更强。研究结果为后续锁定重点成分分离、纯化及研发丁香抗LDL糖基化及氧化功能食品提供参考。     

微波场中卵清蛋白糖基化产物不均匀性的光谱分析

以卵清蛋白与葡萄糖混合体系为研究对象,构建微波场中二者糖基化反应模型,采用红外、荧光、紫外等方法研究微波场中卵清蛋白糖基化产物不均匀性。将卵清蛋白与葡萄糖按照1∶1的比例混合成5%的溶液,经过48 h冷冻干燥形成5 mm厚的糖基化干样模型,在微波炉中反应,按五个反应区将样品一分为五进行实验分析,1号区域为微波炉中心位置,2号区域靠近磁控管,3,4和5号区域在远离磁控管一端。结果表明,蛋白与糖混合物在560 W微波下9 min时发生不均匀的糖基化反应;SDS-PAGE电泳图和自由氨基含量表明微波作用下的糖基化确实存在较大不均匀性;通过荧光和三维荧光光谱可知糖基化反应产生了新的荧光性物质,其中3,4和5号位置的样品产生了新的较大的荧光峰,而荧光性物质是进行到糖基化高级阶段的反应产物,说明这些样品产生了高级糖基化产物;红外光谱分析表明有新的N-H键生成;紫外分析表明在糖基化反应模型平面中,3号位置的反应程度最高。     

基于离散三维荧光光谱的糖尿病识别方法研究

基于皮肤荧光光谱技术的糖基化终产物（AGE）检测方法被广泛用于糖尿病及其并发症的检测评估,然而生物组织体内特异性的吸收、散射特性以及多种荧光成分对于检测会产生干扰。本研究通过分析人体皮肤组织常见荧光成分的三维荧光光谱,确定皮肤组织荧光光谱测量的最佳激发波长组合,搭建集成组织漫反射光谱测量模块的离散三维荧光光谱测量系统,研究基于扩散理论的组织生理参数提取方法以及基于高斯多峰拟合的离散三维荧光光谱分离方法。在此基础上,开展临床社区队列研究,结果表明糖尿病组的黑色素、脱氧血红蛋白相对浓度均值低于正常对照组,而500 nm处约化散射系数高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义,氧合血红蛋白相对浓度无明显差异。基于高斯多峰拟合,每位受试者共计得到78个荧光特征,剔除差异不明显的特征（p>0.1）,最终得到50个荧光特征。汇总有差异的组织生理参数和荧光特征,采用Logistic回归分析建立糖尿病筛查模型,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析结果显示,该方法用于糖尿病识别时,预测训练集ROC曲线下面积为0.793,预测测试集的面积为0.799,而单波长皮肤荧光(Sf₃₆₅)的面积为0...     

Influence of number and depth of magnetic mirror on Alfvnic gap eigenmode

Alfvnic gap eigenmode(AGE) can eject energetic particles from confinement and thereby threaten the success of magnetically controlled fusion. A low-temperature plasma cylinder is a promising candidate to study this eigenmode, due to easy diagnostic access and simple geometry, and the idea is to arrange a periodic array of magnetic mirrors along the plasma cylinder and introduce a local defect to break the field periodicity. The present work validates this idea by reproducing a clear AGE inside a spectral gap, and more importantly details the influence of the number and depth(or modulation factor)of magnetic mirror on the characteristics of AGE. Results show that AGE is suppressed by other modes inside the spectral gap when the number of magnetic mirrors is below a certain value, which leads to a weakened Bragg's effect. The structure and frequency of AGE remain unchanged for a decreased number of magnetic mirrors, as long as this number is enough for the AGE formation. The width of spectral gap and decay constant(inverse of decay length) of AGE are linearly proportional to the depth of magnetic mirror, implying easier observation of AGE through a bigger mirror depth. The frequency of AGE shifts to a lower range with the depth increased, possibly due to the unfrozen plasma with field line and the invalidity of small-perturbation analysis. Nevertheless, it is exciting to find that the depth of field modulation can be increased to form AGE for a very limited number of magnetic mirrors. This is of particular interest for the experimental implementation of AGE on a low-temperature plasma cylinder with limited length.     

基于扩散理论的生物组织固有荧光光谱复原方法研究

组织固有荧光光谱定义为未受生物组织吸收、散射作用影响的荧光光谱,能够直接反映组织微观结构和生物化学性质信息。为了减少吸收和散射特性对组织荧光光谱的干扰,从实测的组织荧光光谱中复原更能反映组织荧光特性的组织固有荧光光谱,搭建了基于光纤探头的组织光谱测量系统,实现生物组织相同位置处的荧光光谱和漫反射光谱测量。提出运用扩散理论从实测的漫反射光谱中提取组织生理参数,包括组织中血液体积分数、血氧饱和度、黑色素含量以及波长500 nm处约化散射系数和瑞利散射在总散射中的比例,进而计算可见波段范围内的组织光学参数;然后,根据组织光学参数和实测的漫反射光谱,从实测的荧光光谱中复原得到组织固有荧光光谱。进行临床试验验证,采集受试者皮肤组织荧光光谱与组织漫反射光谱,并复原皮肤固有荧光光谱。通过复原得到的固有荧光光谱反映人体皮肤糖基化终产物积聚量,并最终用于糖尿病无创筛查。结果显示,分别使用实测的荧光光谱和复原得到的固有荧光光谱用于糖尿病筛查时,在特异性水平同为75%时,敏感性分别为69%和90%。     

Formation of Pentosidine Cross-Linking in Myoglobin by Glyoxal: Detection of Fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Product

Glyoxal, a reactive α-oxoaldehyde, increases in diabetic condition and reacts with proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) following Maillard-like reaction. Considering the significance of protein modification by glyoxal-derived AGEs, we investigated the in vitro effect of glyoxal (200 μM) on the monomeric heme protein myoglobin (Mb) (100 μM) after incubation for one week at 25 °C. Glyoxal-treated Mb exhibited increased absorbance around the Soret region, decreased α-helicity and thermal stability compared to control Mb. Intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of the treated Mb showed an additional signal in the 400–500 nm region on excitation at 280 nm that was absent in control Mb. When excited at 335 nm, the glyoxal-treated sample gave a strong fluorescence indicating AGE formation. Mass spectrometric studies revealed formation of glyoxal-derived fluorescent AGE adduct pentosidine between Lys-145 and Arg-139 residues of Mb. Other than pentosidine, additional AGE adducts, namely, carboxymethyllysine at Lys-133, hydroimidazolone at Arg-31 and pyrrolidone-carboxymethyllysine at Lys-145 were also detected. Lys-145 was thus found to contain two different types of AGE adducts, indicating the heterogeneous nature of in vitro glycation reaction. AGE-induced protein modifications might be associated with complications in disease conditions.     

求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程的一种新方法

以方腔自然对流问题为例阐述了数值求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程的新方法．该方法将四阶紧致差分格式(FCDS)和具有并行性的交替组显(AGE)迭代方法相结合；兼顾了稳定性，计算精度及并行性能．针对不同的Raleigh数和Prandtl数，对方腔内稳态自然对流进行了数值模拟，并将数值结果同前人结果进行了比较．     

Volume-weighted mean volume of the submandibular gland acini in male and female diabetic rats

Mouth dryness is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus but there has been little work on morphological changes of the salivary glands. In the present study, the effects of diabetes mellitus on the serous and mucous acini of submandibular gland of male and female rats, 4 and 12 weeks after diabetes induction were studied. Male and female rats were divided into experimental and control subgroups. Diabetes was induced to experimental rats by streptozotocin. At the end of 4 and 12 weeks, the submandibular glands were removed, random sections obtained and volume-weighted mean acini volume was estimated by point-sampled intercepts method. The data revealed that volume reduction occurred only in serous acini in both male and female rats 12 weeks after diabetes induction and the others remained unchanged. The present research using stereological methods demonstrates that diabetes make some morphological changes in serous acini, the main exocrine part of the rat submandibular gland.     

二维Burgers方程的AGE方法与并行计算

给出了求解二维Burgers方程的交替分组显式(AGE)方法,运用线性化近似分析证明了方法是绝对稳定的,方法具有明显的并行性质。还提供了在共享式存储并行机上的数值例子。     

Short-term stromal alterations in the rat ventral prostate following alloxan-induced diabetes and the influence of insulin replacement

The stromal microenvironment is pivotal to prostate physiology and malign transformation. Diabetes leads to testosterone withdrawal and affects the prostate stromal compartment and smooth muscle cells in a similar way to that observed after castration. However the response of these cells and their involvement in extracellular matrix remodeling is not satisfactorily understood. We investigated the changes caused in the short term (one week) by alloxan-induced diabetes in the stromal components of the rat ventral prostate (VP) with an emphasis on morphological alterations of stromal cells, their conversion to a myofibroblast phenotype and the remodeling of extracellular matrix and the influence of insulin therapy. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into untreated diabetic (n=12), insulin-treated (n=8) diabetic and control (n=10) groups. Diabetes was induced by means of the injection of alloxan (40 mg/kg b.w.), while the control animals received saline solution only. Insulin (5 UI) was administered daily for one week after diabetes diagnosis. Testosterone and estrogen plasma levels were determined. VP was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The main stromal cells were identified by means of light microscopy, using immunocytochemistry for specific markers - vimentin for fibroblasts, α-actin for smooth muscle cells (smc) and vimentin/calponin for myofibroblasts, following the estimation of their relative frequency and absolute volume by means of stereology. After one week diabetes led to a marked decrease in testosterone levels and an atrophy of about 35% in the VP. The relative frequency of smc and collagen fibers increased in the VP of diabetic rats but their absolute weight remained unchanged. Experimental diabetes promptly altered smc morphology which assumed at the ultrastructural level a shrunken appearance with the approximation of cytoplasmic dense bodies and also exhibited a decreased immunoreactivity to calponin. The conversion of stromal cells to a myofibroblast phenotype did not occur in alloxan-induced diabetes, as evaluated by double immunoreaction to calponin and vimentin. Insulin treatment maintained testosterone levels and preserved at least partly the cell morphology and collagen fiber organization of the prostate stroma in short-term diabetes. The apparent collagen increase observed by means of microscopic analysis in the stromal prostate compartment in the short term after diabetes is mainly associated with gland atrophy and does not involve the formation of new collagen fibers, the generation of myofibroblast-like cells or the acquisition of a secretory phenotype by stromal cells.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病人与大鼠红细胞拉曼光谱学比较

使用激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪测量正常大鼠红细胞、正常人红细胞、糖尿病STZ造模大鼠红细胞、糖尿病四氧嘧啶造模大鼠红细胞和人Ⅱ型糖尿病红细胞的拉曼光谱,应用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)结合支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)分类器对数据进行判别分析,然后采用类间距离判断两种造模方法与人Ⅱ型糖尿病的接近程度。结果发现糖尿病红细胞与正常红细胞的拉曼光谱存在明显差异,糖尿病在酰胺 ⅥCO变形振动谱带处峰高显著,并在酰胺ⅤN—H变形振动谱带处谱线出现偏移,属于磷脂的脂酰基C—C骨架1 130 cm-1谱线增强,1 088 cm-1谱线强度减弱,说明糖尿病红细胞膜的通透性增强。PCA结合SVM可以很好地区分以上5类红细胞的拉曼光谱,分类器测试结果表明分类准确度达100%。通过分别计算两种造模方法与人Ⅱ型糖尿病的类间距离,发现STZ造模法更接近人Ⅱ型糖尿病。由此得出结论：拉曼光谱法可以用于糖尿病诊断,大鼠糖尿病STZ造模法更接近人类Ⅱ型糖尿病。