Enhancement of the Faraday effect in finite three-layer periodic media

It is shown that the inclusion of a magnetoactive defect layer in the center of a finite dielectric three-layer periodic medium allows one to obtain several spectral regions between the photonic band gaps, in which significant enhancement of the Faraday effect is realized in the almost complete absence of diffraction losses. These results can be used for creating and optimizing the parameters of miniature high-performance nonreciprocal elements, combining (i) the possibility of achieving considerable magneto-optical rotation of the plane of polarization at distances of about a few microns and (ii) low optical losses.     

Phononic band gaps and vibrations in one- and two-dimensional mass-spring structures

The vibrational response of finite periodic lattice structures subjected to periodic loading is investigated. Special attention is devoted to the response in frequency ranges with gaps in the band structure for the corresponding infinite periodic lattice. The effects of boundaries, viscous damping, and imperfections are studied by analyzing two examples; a 1-D filter and a 2-D wave guide. In 1-D the structural response in the band gap is shown to be insensitive to damping and small imperfections. In 2-D the similar effect of damping is noted for one type of periodic structure, whereas for another type the band gap effect is nearly eliminated by damping. In both 1-D and 2-D it is demonstrated how the free structural boundaries affect the response in the band gap due to local resonances. Finally, 2-D wave guides are considered by replacing the periodic structure with a homogeneous structure in a straight and a 90° bent path, and it is shown how the vibrational response is confined to the paths in the band gap frequency ranges.     

An Analysis of Structural-Acoustic Coupling Band Gaps in a Fluid-Filled Periodic Pipe

A periodic pipe system composed of steel pipes and rubber hoses with the same inner radius is designed based on the theory of phononic crystals. Using the transfer matrix method, the band structure of the periodic pipe is calculated considering the structural-acoustic coupling. The results show that longitudinal vibration band gaps and acoustic band gaps can coexist in the fluid-filled periodic pipe. The formation of the band gap mechanism is further analyzed. The band gaps are validated by the sound transmission loss and vibration-frequency response functions calculated using the finite element method. The effect of the damp on the band gap is analyzed by calculating the complex band structure. The periodic pipe system can be used not only in the field of vibration reduction but also for noise elimination.     

Dispersion equations for ion plasma with allowance for electron spin

Wave propagation in ionic magnetoactive plasma along an external magnetic field with allowance for electron spin is considered. It is shown that considering particle spin reveals the emergence of a new plasma mode in a band of frequencies close to the cyclotron frequency. A dispersion equation for wave propagation in a boundless plasma medium is obtained and special cases are considered.     

全向入射条件下一维固流周期结构中低频声裂隙变化特性研究

利用传递矩阵法, 从理论上建立了全向入射条件下一维固-流周期结构中的声传播模型, 在此基础上计算、分析并比较了无限周期结构的声能带结构和有限周期结构中的声传输特性. 研究结果表明, 当声波以一定的入射角入射时, 固-流周期结构的低频通带区域存在一个声裂隙, 该声裂隙所对应的入射角大小与构成周期结构的固体层和流体层的密度或结构尺寸无关, 而仅取决于构成该周期性结构材料的波速. 关键词： 传递矩阵 全向入射 固-流周期结构 声裂隙     

一维光子晶体光学特性的复平面波展开法研究

应用复平面波展开法对一维光子晶体的光子带隙, 透射特性进行了分析. 通过对色散关系和透射系数的数值计算发现一维光子晶体周期结构个数以及折射率分布对光学晶体透射系数以及光子带隙的影响. 对于含有整数个周期结构的光子晶体有共振点出现在光子帯隙外的频率范围内, 共振点的个数比周期结构个数少1. 带隙倾斜斜率等于折射率的比值. 折射率比值越大, 带隙的范围越大.     

Dispersive elastodynamics of 1D banded materials and structures: analysis

The elastodynamics of 1D periodic materials and finite structures comprising these materials are studied with particular emphasis on correlating their frequency-dependent characteristics and on elucidating their pass-band and stop-band behaviors. Dispersion relations are derived for periodic materials and are employed in a novel manner for computing both pass-band and stop-band complex mode shapes. Through simulations of harmonically induced wave motion within a finite number of unit cells, conformity of the frequency band structure between infinite and finite periodic systems is shown. In particular, only one or two unit cells of a periodic material could be sufficient for “frequency bandedness” to carry over from the infinite periodic case, and only three to four unit cells are necessary for the decay in normalized transmission within a stop band to practically saturate with an increase in the number of cells. Dominant speeds in the scattered wave field within the same finite set of unit cells are observed to match those of phase and group velocities of the infinite periodic material within the most active pass band. Dynamic response due to impulse excitation also is shown to capture the infinite periodic material dynamical characteristics. Finally, steady-state vibration analyses are conducted on a finite fully periodic structure revealing a conformity in the natural frequency spread to the frequency band layout of the infinite periodic material. The steady-state forced response is observed to exhibit mode localization patterns that resemble those of the infinite periodic medium, and it is shown that the maximum localized response under stop-band conditions could be significantly less than in an equivalent homogenous structure and the converse is true for pass-band conditions.     

A new periodic structure composite material with quasi-phononic crystals

Phononic crystals (PCs) provide a new method for vibration insulation and noise reduction. PCs commonly have small bandgap width, and understanding how to expand this bandgap, including the ultra-low band gap, is crucial for applying PCs to vibration reduction in engineering structures. A new periodic structure composite material quasi-PCs is proposed and the high polymer concrete with quasi-PCs structure is conducted. Vibration measurements for the new periodic structure composite material demonstrate that quasi-PC behavior can open the ultra-low frequency band gap. The new periodic structure composite material can be used to reduce vibrations in engineering field.     

Analysis of a transmission line periodically loaded with position-modulated loads

The dispersion characteristics of a periodically loaded transmission line is engineered via varying the amplitudes and/or positions of the periodic shunt loads. The band diagram of the periodic structure is obtained using two approaches: the Bloch–Floquet approach and a Green’s function-based approach. The effect of both amplitude and position modulation on the band diagram is discussed, to provide a step to bandgap engineering of the structure.     

Propagation of guided elastic waves in 2D phononic crystals

The phononic band structure of two-dimensional phononic guides is numerically studied. A plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the dispersion relations of guided elastic waves in these periodic media, including 2D phononic plates and thin layered periodic arrangements. We show that, for any guided elastic wave, Lamb or generalised Lamb modes, stop bands appear in the dispersion curves, displaying a phononic band structure in both cases.     

Large complete band gap in two-dimensional phononic crystal slabs with elliptic inclusions

Phononic band structure with periodic elliptic inclusions for the square lattice is investigated based on the plane wave expansion method. The numerical results show the systems composed of tungsten (W) elliptic rods embedded in a silicon (Si) matrix can exhibit a larger complete band gap than the conventional circular phononic crystal (PC) slabs. The phononic band structure of the plate-mode waves and the width of the first complete band gap can be tuned by varying the ratio of the minor axis and the major axis, the orientation angle of the elliptic rods and the thickness of the PC slabs. We also study the band structure of plate-mode waves propagating in two-dimensional (2D) slabs with periodic elliptic inclusions coated on uniform substrate.     

二维斜三角晶格光子晶体完全带隙研究

在二维正三角晶格光子晶体的基础上,通过改变晶体的晶格基矢构造了一种全新的周期结构。该周期结构的最小周期单元不再是传统意义上的等边三角形,而是一种更为优化的斜三角形结构。利用平面波展开法理论模拟了二维斜三角晶格光子晶体完全带隙的情况,发现所设计结构的完全带隙宽度是二维正三角晶格光子晶体完全带隙宽度的4.3 2倍。分析了介质柱宽度,介质柱旋转角度以及相对介电常数对所构造结构的完全带隙的影响,所得结果对二维光子晶体的理论研究和实际应用有所帮助。为任意角度的二维光子晶体集成波导的研究和制作提供了理论基础。     

Transport and photoinduced properties in highly Sr-deficient manganite films

We used the method of finite-difference time domain (FDTD) to study the characteristics of the patch antenna based on a novel periodic structure, and the theory of photonic crystal structure (also photonic band gap [PBG]) structure was introduced. The results obtained show that the surface waves propagating along the substrate surface can be suppressed by the periodic structure due to the influence of its forbidden band, and the energy of the electromagnetic waves is concentrated mainly in the substrate. As a result, the patch antenna based on the periodic structure has a wider bandwidth in comparison with the conventional patch antennae; and a higher gain is reached, so the patch antenna’s performance is improved. Due to such the advantages, the application of patch antennae can be extended in such fields as mobile communication, satellite communication, aviation, etc.     

FDTD Simulation of Electromagnetic Propagation in Magnetized Plasma Using Z Transforms

The electromagnetic propagation through a magnetized plasma slab is studied using the finite-difference time-domain method by means of the z transform The reflection and transmission coefficients of the magnetoactive plasma for the right-hand circularly polarized wave are presented. The comparison of the results of the Z transform and recursive convolution algorithms with analytic values indicates that the Z transform algorithm is more accurate than the recursive convolution algorithm. The Z transform algorithm overcomes the drawback that the recursive algorithm cannot predict the transmission coefficient of the magnetized plasma slab for the right-hand circularly polarized wave in the stop band.     

非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带周期特性研究

用时域有限差分法（Finite-Different Time-Domain,FDTD）中的电流密度卷积（Current Density Convolution,JEC）算法讨论了一维非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带周期特性,分析了非磁化等离子光子晶体的周期结构和等离子体参量对其禁带周期的影响.以微分高斯脉冲为激励源,用电磁波通过非磁化等离子体光子晶体后所得的透射系数来讨论非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带周期特性.结果表明,通过改变参量可以获得不同的禁带周期特性.     

Observation of spin-wave envelope solitons in periodic magnetic film structures

The formation and propagation of light and dark microwave spin-wave envelope solitons in a periodic magnetic film structure have been observed. The periodic structure was manufactured on the basis of the single-crystal film of iron-yttrium garnet and a lattice of copper strips placed on the surface of the film perpendicularly to the propagation direction of carrying spin waves. The solitons are generated at frequencies corresponding to the band gap in the spectrum of the spin waves of the periodic structure, which is due to the first Bragg resonance.     

Triply coupled vibrational band gap in a periodic and nonsymmetrical axially loaded thin-walled Bernoulli–Euler beam including the warping effect

The propagation of triply coupled vibrations in a periodic, nonsymmetrical and axially loaded thin-walled Bernoulli–Euler beam composed of two kinds of materials is investigated with the transfer matrix method. The cross-section of the beam lacks symmetrical axes, and bending vibrations in the two perpendicular directions are coupled with torsional vibrations. Furthermore, the effect of warping stiffness is included. The band structures of the periodic beam, both including and excluding the warping effect, are obtained. The frequency response function of the finite periodic beam is simulated with the finite element method. These simulations show large vibration-based attenuation in the frequency range of the gap, as expected. By comparing the band structure of the beam with plane wave expansion method calculations that are available in the literature, one finds that including the warping effect leads to a more accurate simulation. The effects of warping stiffness and axial force on the band structure are also discussed.     

Plasma lenses

An analysis is presented of the possibilites of focusing the microwave energy by means of a magnetoactive plasma. The basic parameters of a plasma lens are calculated, and the way a magnetoactive plasma may be used in the making of lenses with a variable focal length is pointed out.     

Optical peculiarities in quasi-sandwiching periodic one-dimensional photonic crystals

Within the Maxwell framework and using the transfer-matrix method, we have determined an exact expression that governs the photonic band structure and the density of states (the group velocity) of one-dimensional superlattices composed of three alternate layers (quasi-sandwiching periodic structure) characterized by three different refractive indexes. We begin by giving the band gap of the quasi-sandwiching period structure. Owing to the advantage of the quasi-sandwiching periodic structure, we develop a specific formula that gives the N-period mode density in terms of the complex transmission coefficient of a unit cell. The specific example of a quarter-wave stack is analyzed.     

Experimental and numerical study of omega type bianisotropic metamaterials combined with a negative permittivity medium

We report on the transmission properties of the omega (Ω) type metamaterials. Transmission through the periodic Ω-only and Ω-wire metamaterials are studied experimentally and numerically. A resonance band gap is observed for the periodic Ω medium around the resonance frequency of the single Ω unit cell. A transmission band is observed below the resonance band gap, when the periodic Ω structure is embedded in a negative permittivity medium composed of thin metallic wire arrays. We also studied the effect of periodicity on the transmission spectra of Ω type metamaterials.