Synthesis of C-glycoside derivatives from pyrazoles and isoxazoles

Bromination of 2.3:4.5-di-O-isopropylidene-aldehydo-D -arabinose p-nitrophenyl-hydrazone affords the corresponding hydrazidic bromide. Similarly, chlorination of 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene α-D -xylo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanose oxime leads to the corresponding hydroxamoyl chloride. These two compounds constitute useful new synthetic intermediates in carbohydrate chemistry. For example, they may be ethynylated, then cyclised respectively to pyrazolyl- and isoxazolyl-C-glycosides.     

Synthesis of 3-substituted bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs and their self-aggregation in a nonpolar organic solvent

Zinc complexes of 3¹-epimerically pure 3²,3²,3²-trifluoro-bacteriopheophorbide-d methyl ester were prepared and their self-aggregation was examined in 1% (v/v) dichloromethane and hexane by visible and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Both the synthetic 3¹-trifluoromethylated diastereomers gave amorphous self-aggregates in the nonpolar organic solvent, while the corresponding nonfluorinated compounds possessing the 3¹-methyl group formed well-ordered and large oligomers similar to in vivo aggregates of bacteriochlorophyll-d in a chlorosome, a main light-harvesting antenna of green photosynthetic bacteria. The difference is ascribed to steric factor of the 3-CF₃ group, which was supported by optical properties of other synthetic zinc 3¹-hydroxy-13¹-oxo-chlorins possessing trifluoromethyl or secondary/tertiary substituents at the 3¹-position in the nonpolar organic solvent.     

Synthesis of 20-iodochlorophyll derivatives and their properties including reactivity,electronic absorption,and self-aggregation

Methyl 20-iodopyropheophorbides-a possessing several substituents at the 3-position were prepared by treatment of the corresponding 20-unsubstituted chlorophyll-a derivatives with iodine and [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene in chloroform and water at room temperature. The sterically demanding 20-iodination was clean, efficient, and regioselective without alteration of the 3-substituents, and also highly reproducible. The resulting 20-iodides were so reactive that they were readily transformed into 20-acetylchlorin (Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling) and 20-unsubstituted chlorin (acidic deiodination). Electronic absorption spectra in dichloromethane showed that the 20-iodination shifted the maxima to longer wavelengths in their monomeric states. Zinc complexes of 3¹-hydroxy-20-iodo-13¹-oxochlorins self-aggregated in non-polar organic solvents to give red-shifted and broadened absorption bands, similarly as in the corresponding 20-unsubstituted molecules, which are good models of the main light-harvesting antenna systems in photosynthetic green bacteria.     

糖碳苷类化合物的合成方法研究进展

综述了近年来利用重排反应、W ittig反应、金属有机反应等方法合成糖碳苷类化合物的研究进展。参考文献30篇。     

Synthesis and self-aggregation of cyclic alkynes containing helicene

[structure: see text]. All stereoisomers of a cyclic alkyne containing three helicene units, 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene, are synthesized using a building block. Isomeric [3 + 3]cycloalkynes aggregate in organic solvents. Vapor pressure osmometry reveals dimer formation of (M,M,M)-[3 + 3]cycloalkynes in chloroform and benzene at concentrations above 2 mM. No higher aggregation is observed. The chirality of helicenes plays an important role in self-aggregation, and diastereomeric (M,P,M)-[3 + 3]cycloalkyne forms a dimer only above 15 mM. Aggregation of racemic (M,M,M)-[3 + 3]cycloalkyne or (M,P,M)-[3 + 3]cycloalkyne is much weaker than that of a single enantiomer.     

Synthesis of a C-glycoside analogue of beta-D-galactosylthreonine

A C-linked analogue of beta-D-galactosylthreonine has been prepared from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranolactone (1) in 14 steps. Three stereogenic centers were created during the synthesis, with the anomeric center of the C-glycoside being generated first by addition of a Grignard reagent to 1 and subsequent reduction of the intermediate hemiacetal with triethylsilane. The two stereogenic centers in the threonine moiety were both established by alkylation of Evans' chiral N-acyloxazolidinone enolates.     

Synthesis of double C-glycoside analogue of sTn

A sTn double C-glycoside, sTn analogue 2, was synthesized using samarium chemistry developed in our laboratory. Complications in the oxidation reaction affording aldehyde acceptor were overcome by double protection of amide and the use of a room-temperature ionic liquid as solvent. Studies are underway to conjugate the sTn double C-glycoside hapten 2 to KLH carrier protein for biological evaluation as a vaccine.     

Synthesis of a serine-based neuraminic acid C-glycoside

Cell-surface carbohydrates are classified by the nature of their linkages to the protein as either N-linked or O-linked. O- and N-glycans are involved in a number of important biological functions. These activities can be lost on glycoprotein catabolism when these glycan linkages are enzymatically hydrolyzed. The design and synthesis of novel C-linked glycans should provide catabolically stable glycoproteins useful for understanding and regulating important biological processes. Our efforts are currently directed toward the synthesis of C-glycosides of ulosonic acids. This paper describes the first synthesis of a serine-based neuraminic acid C-glycoside. The protecting group chemistry required for both carbohydrate and peptide syntheses complicates this approach. Different protecting group strategies were investigated for use in the samarium diiodide mediated C-glycosylation reaction. The key elements of our synthetic approach involve the following: (i) the substitution of homoserine for serine in the C-glycosylation reaction to introduce a carbon in place of the O-glycosidic oxygen, (ii) the use of benzyloxycarbonyl as a homoserine protecting group, compatible with samarium diiodide mediated C-glycosylation reaction, and (iii) the reduction of the carbonyl group in homoserine early in the synthesis to improve C-glycosylation yield and to avoid lactone formation. Using this combined approach, we prepared 4-O-acetyl-4-[2-C-(1-methyl 5-acetamido 4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-d-erythro-l-manno-nononate)]-2S-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-1-carboxylic acid (1), which will be used in peptide synthesis to prepare glycopeptides containing catabolically stable C-linked neuraminic acid.     

Sulfated lupane triterpene derivatives and a flavone C-glycoside from Gypsophila repens

A new sulfated lupane triterpene, Gypsophilin (1), and its glucosyl ester, Gypsophilinoside (2) were isolated from the roots of Gypsophila repens whereas a new flavone C-glycoside (3) was obtained from the aerial parts. Their structures were established as (3beta)-3-O-(sulfo)lup-20(29)-en-23,28-dioic acid (1), (3beta)-3-O-(sulfo)lup-20(29)-en-23,28-dioic acid -28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2) and luteolin-7-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-6-C-beta-glucopyranoside (3) by spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and FAB-MS.     

Synthesis and EPR studies of 2-N-tert-butylaminoxylpurine derivatives

[Structure: see text] 2'-Deoxyribofuranosylpurine derivatives bearing an N-tert-butylaminoxyl group (1a and 2a) were synthesized via oxidation of the corresponding N-tert-butylhydroxylamines (1b and 2b), which were synthesized by lithiation of 8-TIPS-6-chloropurine (3) at the 2-position and the following reaction with 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane. Treatment of 1b and 2b with 1 equiv of NaIO4 resulted in efficient formation of 1a and 2a, which were isolated as purple and red solids, respectively. The EPR spectra of 1a showed pH dependency due to structural change of purine moiety.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of new pyridine derivatives

2-(p-Acetylaminobenzenesulfonylamido)-substituted benzothiazoles were prepared from 2-amino-substituted benzothiazoles and p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride using a mixture of pyridine and Ac₂O, which formed an electrophilic N-acetyl- pyridinium complex facilitating condensation to give the desired products by removal of HCl. 2-[4-(Substituted benzothiazol-2-yl)aminosulfonylanilino]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids (synthesized from 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid and the corresponding substituted 2-(p-aminobenzenesulfonylamido)benzothiazole in 2-ethoxyethanol using Cu-powder and K₂CO₃) were then converted to acid chlorides, which on further reaction with piperazine and 4-methoxyphenylpiperazine yielded the corresponding 2-[4-(substituted benzothiazol-2-yl)amino-sulfonyl]anilino-3-(piperazinocarbonyl) pyridine and 2-[4-(substituted benzothiazol-2-yl)amino-sulfonyl]anilino-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl-carbonyl]pyridine. The structures of the new compounds have been established on the basis of their elemental analyses as well as IR, ¹H NMR, and mass-spectral data. All the compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity and found to possess considerable antibacterial activity.     

Synthesis of the branched C-glycoside substructure of altromycin B

Tungsten-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkynyl alcohols including 8 provides only the endocyclic enol ether (11) as a key intermediate for the branched C-glycoside substructure (2) of altromycin B. A sequence of Stille cross-coupling reaction and regio- and stereoselective functional group transformations affords each C13-diastereomer of the branched C-arylglycoside (2a and 2b). [reaction: see text]     

异黄酮碳苷类化合物(葛根素)的全合成

采用查尔酮途径全合成了一种异黄酮碳苷类化合物（葛根素）,总收率1.0%。首先4-乙基-6-叔丁基间苯二酚与2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基吡喃葡萄糖基三氟乙酰亚胺酯发生糖基化反应制得碳苷(3); 3依次经脱叔丁基和氧化制得苯乙酮类化合物(5); 5经查尔酮路线转化为葛根素,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)确证。     

Synthesis of water-soluble C60-porphyrin hybrid compounds

Water-soluble C60-porphyrin hybrid molecules were first synthesized toward their pharmaceutical applications.     

新型碳糖苷类熊果苷类似物的合成及其对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性

合成了一系列稳定高效的新型碳糖苷类熊果苷类似物,其中10个化合物未见文献报道. 化合物结构通过核磁及质谱确证. 初步生物活性测试结果表明,目标化合物具有良好的酪氨酸酶抑制活性,其中化合物13、14、15、16、19的活性接近或优于天然熊果苷.     

Synthesis and physicochemical studies of some novel picrate derivatives

(1)H and (13)C NMR spectra were recorded for some novel picrate derivatives derived from some 3,3-methyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones and 3-benzyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-one. The difference in the chemical shift of equatorial methylene proton and axial methylene proton at C(5) [Δ = δ(eq)-δ(ax)] is highly negative which is in contrast to the value observed in the corresponding parent piperidin-4-ones and this is attributed to the syn 1,3-diaxial interaction between the axial N-H bond and axial hydrogen at C-5. The effect of protonation on the chemical shifts was studied in detail. The chemical shifts of the heterocyclic ring protons are influenced by the picrate anion. Solvatochromism of picrates were studied in detail. DFT calculations were carried out in order to find out the NBO analysis, HOMO-LUMO energies, MEP studies and hyperpolarisability behaviour. The electric dipole moment (μ) and the first-hyperpolarisability (β) value of the investigated molecules have been studied theoretically which reveal that the synthesized molecules have microscopic non-linear optical (NLO) behaviour with non-zero values.     

Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of 3-carbamoylisonicotinic acid derivatives

An unusual example of the selective hydrolysis of a cyano group to the corresponding carboxyl group under mild reaction conditions in the presence of a carboxamide group is reported. The reaction resulted in the formation of a rare combination of vicinal carboxamide and carboxyl groups on a pyridone ring. The structure of the synthesized products was thoroughly studied using one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments and the reaction pathway was monitored fluorometrically.     

Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives

<正>A series of quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives were designed and synthesized.Their cytotoxicity in vitro against four cancer cell lines(A549,HT-29,MDA-MB-231 and SMMC-7721) were evaluated by standard MTT assay.The pharmacological results showed that most of the prepared compounds displayed excellent selective cytotoxicity toward SMMC-7721 cell line.Among them, compounds 7c,7e,11b,11f and 11g were more active than Gefitinb against SMMC-7721 cell line.