毛细管电泳吡啶钌电化学发光检测天仙子中生物碱

1 引言 天仙子是一种天然中草药,它的主要活性成分为阿托品和东莨菪碱 .目前,分析天仙子的方法主要有:核磁共振技术、紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法和毛细管电泳分离法等.毛细管电泳技术(CE)具有进样体积小、分离效率高等优势.吡啶钌(Ru(bpy)2+3)电化学发光法具有激发态寿命长、发光效率高、试剂可循环再生等优点. CE与Ru(bpy)2+3电化学发光联用技术(CE-ECL)将二者优势有机组合,已成为分析化学领域中很好的分析工具.     

毛细管电泳Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)电化学发光的研究进展

本文简要介绍了毛细管电泳Ru(bpy)32+电化学发光的基本特性,概述了其在与复合材料和微控芯片结合应用时的研究进展,就近几年来的报道,综述了毛细管电泳Ru(bpy)32+电化学发光在药物分析,食品分析,生命科学领域的应用,并对毛细管电泳Ru(bpy)32+电化学发光的前景进行了展望.     

甲醇-联吡啶钌(II)体系的电致化学发光研究

研究了碱性溶液中甲醇-联吡啶钌(II)[Ru(bpy)3^2^+]的电致化学发光行为。在玻碳电极上甲醇于+1.28V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处被氧化为甲氧基离子(CH3O.), 该自由基离子发生歧化反应, 生成激发态的甲醛(HCHO), 发出波长为545nm的光。另一方面当体系含有少量的Ru(bpy)3^2^+时会得到较强的发光信号, 发光波长为608nm, 该发光起因于在甲醇的氧化电位下, Ru(bpy)3^2^+被氧化成Ru(bpy)3^3^+, CH3O.与Ru(bpy)3^3^+反应, 生成激发态的Ru(bpy)3^2^+而发光。     

甲醇-联吡啶钌(II)体系的电致化学发光研究

研究了碱性溶液中甲醇-联吡啶钌(II)[Ru(bpy)3^2^+]的电致化学发光行为。在玻碳电极上甲醇于+1.28V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处被氧化为甲氧基离子(CH3O.), 该自由基离子发生歧化反应, 生成激发态的甲醛(HCHO), 发出波长为545nm的光。另一方面当体系含有少量的Ru(bpy)3^2^+时会得到较强的发光信号, 发光波长为608nm, 该发光起因于在甲醇的氧化电位下, Ru(bpy)3^2^+被氧化成Ru(bpy)3^3^+, CH3O.与Ru(bpy)3^3^+反应, 生成激发态的Ru(bpy)3^2^+而发光。     

毛细管电泳-电化学发光法分离检测饮料中亮氨酸

基于亮氨酸对化学发光试剂三联吡啶钌(Ru(bpy)32+)在铂电极上电致发光信号的增敏作用,建立了一种快速测定亮氨酸的毛细管电泳-电化学发光分析方法.对实验条件进行优化,最佳实验条件如下:检测电位为1.15 V;Ru(bpy)32+浓度为7 mmol·L-1(pH=8.5);进样时间为10 s;进样高压为10 kv;分...     

固定化联吡啶钌电化学发光免疫分析研究进展

综述了固定化联吡啶钌[Ru(bpy)23+]电化学发光免疫传感技术的发展状况,介绍了近年来在电化学发光免疫传感领域出现的新型固相载体材料和固定方法,及其与其他分析技术联用方面的发展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.指出电化学发光免疫分析技术在生物分子检测、药物分析及临床诊断中显示出强大的生命力.Ru(bpy)23+的电化学发光已引起广泛的关注.固定化Ru(bpy)23+电化学发光免疫分析体系具有线性范围宽、灵敏度高、装置简单、可控性强等优点,被广泛应用于分子生物学、化学、药学等领域.     

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensor Based on Ru(bpy) 2+3 Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

利用静电吸附作用将联吡啶钌[Ru( bpy)2+3]负载到巯基化MCM-41介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒上,通过金-巯键修饰法将负载后的MCM-41固定在金电极表面,发展了一种基于MCM-41负载联吡啶钌的电致化学发光传感器,并研究了其电化学及电致化学发光行为.基于三聚氰胺与增敏剂三正丙胺氨基结构的相似性,将负载Ru(bpy)2+3的MCM-41电致化学发光传感器用于三聚氰胺的检测,获得了良好的检测效果,为检测三聚氰胺提供了一种快速、简便的方法.同时,该研究为Ru(bpy)2+3在电极表面的固定化提供了新思路.     

玻碳电极上Ru（bpy）3^2＋的吸附及其电致化学发光的研究

通过电化学循环伏安法和电致化学发光方法,研究了Ru(bpy)32 在玻碳电极上的吸附,研究结果表明,2Ru(bpy)3 的浓度和与玻碳材料接触的时间,直接影响了Ru(bpy)32 在玻碳上的吸附.还考察了吸附的Ru(bpy)32 在玻碳电极上被氧化后脱附的情况.     

基于电纺碳纳米纤维材料的阿托品固态电化学发光传感器

将电纺碳纳米纤维(CNF)掺杂于吸附有三联吡啶[RU(bpy)32+]的Nafion聚合物膜中,制成固态电化学发光(ECL)传感器,并将其用于对阿托品的检测.实验表明,CNF的加入能够增强Ru(bpy)32+/阿托品体系的电化学和ECL信号,且Ru(bpy)32+在膜中的电化学反应受扩散控制.在最佳实验条件下,ECL强...     

微芯片毛细管电泳电化学/电化学发光同时检测药物分子

提出了基于毛细管电泳芯片的电化学和电化学发光同时检测技术.在此芯片系统中,三联吡啶钌Ru(bpy)₃²⁺[Tris(2,2'-bypiridyl) ruthenium(Ⅱ)]既作为电化学发光(ECL)检测所需的发光试剂与被分析物反应,生成激发态的Ru(bpy)₃^2+*,从而产生电化学发光信号;又具有催化作用参与电极表面的电化学反应,从而得到增强的电流响应.电化学信号与电化学发光信号同时产生并被分别纪录,从而实现了电化学和电化学发光的同时检测.这种芯片由两部分构成,分别是带有分离和进样通道的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)层和ITO(Indium tin oxide)工作电极底片.PDMS层与ITO电极底片采用可逆键合的方式组成芯片,该芯片大大简化了操作过程,提髙了发光信号的采集效率.在整个实验过程中,ITO电极表现出良好的稳定性,可长时间多次使用.选用山莨菪碱和氧氟沙星两种药物分子作为被分析物,对芯片系统性能进行了表征.     

Improvement in reflective-emissive dual-mode properties of electrochemical displays by electrode modification

We studied the electrochromic (EC) and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) properties of a novel dual-mode display (DMD) cell that was enabled for reflective and emissive modes of representation by introducing both EC and ECL materials into an electrochemical cell. We fabricated EC, ECL, and DMD cells based on a simple-mixture solution or modified electrodes and compared their properties to clarify the advantage of a DMD system based on modified electrodes. Both the solution- and modified electrode-based DMDs showed EC properties in the reflective mode under dc bias application and ECL properties in the emissive mode under ac bias application. Although the solution-based DMD cell featured a very simple structure, some improvements related to side reaction and quenching reaction were required. The modified electrode-based DMD cell was fabricated to improve these aspects. The advantage of the DMD model based on the modified electrodes was certainly suggested by comparisons of the results with those of EC, ECL, and DMD cells based on a simple-mixture solution.     

A nano-functionalized real-time electrochemiluminescent biosensor for alanine transaminase assay

An electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor was constructed for selective assay of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) based on the enzymatically catalyzed oxidation of pyruvate by pyruvate oxidase (PYOD). The composite of potassium ferricyanide and carbon nanotube was adopted to pre-functionalize the basal platinum electrode while the potassium ferricyanide acted as the activator of PYOD. The ALT catalyzed the reaction of L-alanine and-ketoglutarate to produce pyruvate which could be further enzymatically oxidiz...     

Carbon optically transparent electrodes for electrogenerated chemiluminescence

This study investigates pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF)-based carbon optically transparent electrodes (C-OTEs) for use in electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) studies. Oxidative-reductive ECL is obtained with a well-characterized ECL system, C8S3 J-aggregates with 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) as coreactant. Simultaneous cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and ECL transients are obtained for three thicknesses of PPFs and compared to nontransparent glassy carbon (GC) and the conventional transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) in both front face and transmission electrode cell geometries. Despite positive potential shifts in oxidation and ECL peaks, attributed to the internal resistance of the PPFs that result from their nanoscale thickness, the PPFs display similar ECL activity to GC, including the low oxidation potential (LOP) observed for amine coreactants on hydrophobic electrodes. Reductive-oxidative ECL was obtained using the well-studied ECL luminophore Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), where the C-OTEs outperformed ITO because of electrochemical instability of ITO at very negative potentials. The C-OTEs are promising electrodes for ECL applications because they yield higher ECL than ITO in both oxidative-reductive and reductive-oxidative ECL modes, are more stable in alkaline solutions, display a wide potential window of stability, and have tunable transparency for more efficient detection of ECL.     

Study on Sensitization from Reactive Oxygen Species for Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol in Neutral Medium

In this paper, the sensitization on electrochemiluminescent (ECL) reaction of luminol from reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in neutral medium was studied. The powerful sensitization from ROSs even related with organics and organisms were examined under selected conditions which were suitable for biochemical analysis. The results indicated that whether the enhancers were dissolved in solutions or immobilized on the surface of conventional electrodes, stronger ECL intensity of luminol could be obtained. Enhanced ECL helped to provide groundwork for the detection of biomolecules for which would further enhance or quench the ECL signals. The technique may provide new means in a variety of fields such as clinical diagnostics, immunological analysis and environmental monitoring due to its simplicity and high efficiency.     

Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor using PtAg@carbon nanocrystals composites as labels and carbon nanotubes-chitosan/gold nanoparticles as enhancer

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was developed using PtAg@carbon nanocrystals (CNCs) as excellent labels based on carbon nanotubes-chitosan/AuNPs (CNT-CHIT/AuNPs) composite modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for prostate protein antigen (PSA) detection. The CNCs were obtained simply by electro-oxidation of graphite with abundant carboxyl groups at their surfaces. The PtAg bimetallic nanocomposites with hierarchically hollow structures were fabricated through simple replacement reaction using dealloyed nanoporous silver (NPS) as both a template and reducing agent. Structure characterization was obtained by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The PtAg@CNCs composites exhibit a 6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure CNCs labeled anti-PSA. The as-prepared CNT-CHIT/AuNPs composite can attach more antibody than pure CNTs. Due to the dual-amplification techniques, the concentrations of PSA were obtained in the range from 1 pg mL(-1) to 50 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.6 pg mL(-1). Finally, the as-proposed ECL immunosensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity and stability and could become a promising technique for tumor marker detection.     

Paper‐Based Electrochemiluminescent 3D Immunodevice for Lab‐on‐Paper,Specific, and Sensitive Point‐of‐Care Testing

Recent research on microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (μPADs) has shown that paper has great potential for the fabrication of low‐cost diagnostic devices for healthcare and environmental monitoring applications. Herein, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was introduced for the first time into μPADs that were based on screen‐printed paper‐electrodes. To further perform high‐specificity, high‐performance, and high‐sensitivity ECL on μPADs for point‐of‐care testing (POCT), ECL immunoassay capabilities were introduced into a wax‐patterned 3D paper‐based ECL device, which was characterized by SEM, contact‐angle measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With the aid of a home‐made device‐holder, the ECL reaction was triggered at room temperature. By using a typical tris(bipyridine)ruthenium–tri‐n‐propylamine ECL system, this paper‐based ECL 3D immunodevice was applied to the diagnosis of carcinoembryonic antigens in real clinical serum samples. This contribution further expands the number of sensitive and specific detection modes of μPADs.     

Highly enhanced electrochemiluminescence based on synergetic catalysis effect of enzyme and Pd nanoparticles for ultrasensitive immunoassay

An immunosensor based on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol was proposed by coupling enzymatic reaction to in situ generate coreactant with Pd nanoparticles as catalyst for the ECL reaction, which was successfully applied for the ultrasensitive detection of α-1-fetoprotein with a low detection limit of 33 fg mL(-1).     

Emission from the working and counter electrodes under co-reactant electrochemiluminescence conditions

We present a new approach to explore the potential-dependent multi-colour co-reactant electrochemiluminescence (ECL) from multiple luminophores. The potentials at both the working and counter electrodes, the current between these electrodes, and the emission over cyclic voltammetric scans were simultaneously measured for the ECL reaction of Ir(ppy)₃ and either [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ or [Ir(df-ppy)₂(ptb)]⁺, with tri-n-propylamine as the co-reactant. The counter electrode potential was monitored by adding a differential electrometer module to the potentiostat. Plotting the data against the applied working electrode potential and against time provided complementary depictions of their relationships. Photographs of the ECL at the surface of the two electrodes were taken to confirm the source of the emissions. This provided a new understanding of these multifaceted ECL systems, including the nature of the counter electrode potential and the possibility of eliciting ECL at this electrode, a mechanism-based rationalisation of the interactions of different metal-complex luminophores, and a previously unknown ECL pathway for the Ir(ppy)₃ complex at negative potentials that was observed even in the absence of the co-reactant.

Exploration of potential-dependent, multi-colour co-reactant electrochemiluminescence from multiple luminophores at the working and counter electrodes reveals new pathways to emission.     

Further Determination of Cadmium Ions in Water by an Electrochemiluminescence Method

ABSTRACT

Two new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reactions in aqueous solution involving cadmium(II) ions are reported. The ECL reaction occurs in the presence of a common co-reactant, tripropylamine (TPA), and either of two organic ligands, 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine or 2,2′-bipyridine. The reaction is presumed to arise from the metal-ligand complex and the co-reactant. Conditions for ECL emission were optimised and a calibration graph constructed. Emission was linear over the range 10-1 000 ppb. The calculated limits of detection (LOD) were 8 and 50 ppb using terpyridine and bipyridine, respectively. Comparison with a previously reported reaction involving cadmium(II) ions and 1, 10-phenathroline is made.     

Advanced Pt hollow nanospheres/rubrene nanoleaves coupled with M-shaped DNA walker for ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence bioassay

Herein, an intense electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was achieved based on Pt hollow nanospheres/rubrene nanoleaves (Pt HNSs/Rub NLs) without the addition of any coreactant, which was employed for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) coupled with an M-shaped DNA walker (M-DNA walker) as signal switch. Specifically, in comparison with platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs), Pt HNSs revealed excellent catalytic performance and pore confinement-enhanced ECL, which could significantly amplify ECL intensity of Rub NLs/dissolved O₂ (DO) binary system. Then, the tracks and M-DNA walker were confined on the Pt HNSs simultaneously to promote the reaction efficiency, whose M-structure boosted the interaction sites between walking strands and tracks and reduced the rigidity of their recognition. Once the CEA approached the sensing interface, the M-DNA walker was activated based on highly specific aptamer recognition to recover ECL intensity with the assistance of exonuclease Ⅲ (Exo Ⅲ). As proof of concept, the “on-off-on” switch aptasensor was constructed for CEA detection with a low detection limit of 0.20 fg/mL. The principle of the constructed ECL aptasensor also enables a universal platform for sensitive detection of other tumor markers.