Viscous potential flow analysis of magnetohydrodynamic interfacial stability through porous media

In the view of viscous potential flow theory, the hydromagnetic stability of the interface between two infinitely conducting, incompressible plasmas, streaming parallel to the interface and subjected to a constant magnetic field parallel to the streaming direction will be considered. The plasmas are flowing through porous media between two rigid planes and surface tension is taken into account. A general dispersion relation is obtained analytically and solved numerically. For Kelvin-Helmholtz instability problem, the stability criterion is given by a critical value of the relative velocity. On the other hand, a comparison between inviscid and viscous potential flow solutions has been made and it has noticed that viscosity plays a dual role, destabilizing for Rayleigh-Taylor problem and stabilizing for Kelvin-Helmholtz. For Rayleigh-Taylor instability, a new dispersion relation has been obtained in terms of a critical wave number. It has been found that magnetic field, surface tension, and rigid planes have stabilizing effects, whereas critical wave number and porous media have destabilizing effects.     

Magnetoviscous potential flow analysis of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability with heat and mass transfer

A linear analysis of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of interface between two viscous and magnetic fluids has been carried out where there was heat and mass transfer across the interface while the fluids have been subjected to a constant magnetic field parallel to the streaming direction. The viscous potential flow theory has been used for the investigation. A dispersion relation has been obtained and a stability criterion is given by a critical value of relative velocity as well as the critical value of magnetic field. The resulting plots show the effect of various physical parameters such as wave number, viscosity ratio, ratio of magnetic permeabilities and heat transfer coefficient. It has been observed that heat and mass transfer has a destabilizing effect whereas the horizontal magnetic field stabilizes the system.     

Nonlinear analysis of capillary instability with heat and mass transfer

The nonlinear capillary instability of the cylindrical interface between the vapor and liquid phases of a fluid is studied when there is heat and mass transfer across the interface, using viscous potential flow theory. The fluids are considered to be viscous and incompressible with different kinematic viscosities. Both asymmetric and axisymmetric disturbances are considered. The analysis is based on the method of multiple scale perturbation and the nonlinear stability is governed by first-order nonlinear partial differential equation. The stability conditions are obtained and discussed theoretically as well as numerically. Regions of stability and instability have been shown graphically indicating the effect of various parameters. It has been observed that the heat and mass transfer has stabilizing effect on the stability of the system in the nonlinear analysis for both axisymmetric as well as asymmetric disturbances.     

Analytical solution for the unsteady MHD flow of a viscous fluid between moving parallel plates

Two-dimensional unsteady MHD flow of a viscous fluid between two moving parallel plates is considered. We allow the plates to move together as well as apart: When the plates move together it corresponds to squeezing flow problem. The governing Navier–Stokes equations for the flow are reduced to a fourth order nonlinear ODE and analytical solutions are obtained for the ODE via the homotopy analysis method. We show that the flow is strongly influenced by the strength of the magnetic field and the density of the fluid. Furthermore, an error analysis for the obtained solutions is provided.     

Locomotion based on the control of the shape of magnetic fluid surfaces and of magnetizable media

The realization of locomotion based on the deformation of a free surface of a magnetic fluid layer in a traveling magnetic field is studied. A plane flow of an incompressible viscous magnetic fluid layer on a horizontal surface in a nonuniform magnetic field and a plane two-layers flow of incompressible viscous magnetic fluids between two parallel solid planes in a magnetic field is considered. Also the flow of an incompressible viscous magnetic fluid layer on a cylinder in a nonuniform magnetic field is an object of investigation. The deformation and the motion of a body made by a magnetizable polymer in an alternating magnetic field are experimentally studied. The cylindrical body (worm) which is located in a cylindrical tube is analyzed. These effects can be used in designing autonomous mobile robots without a hard cover. Such robots can be employed in clinical practice and biological investigations. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effects of chemical reaction and radiation on an unsteady MHD flow past an accelerated infinite vertical plate with variable temperature and mass transfer

This paper deals with the study of the effects of first order chemical reaction and radiation on an unsteady MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid past an accelerated infinite vertical plate with variable temperature and mass transfer. The resulting approximate dimensionless system of governing partial differential equations are integrated in closed form by the Laplace transform technique A uniform magnetic field is assumed to be applied transversely to the direction of the flow. Rosseland model of radiation has been chosen in the investigation, the expressions for the velocity field, temperature field and concentration field and skin-friction in the direction of the flow, coefficient of heat transfer and mass flux at the plate have been obtained in non-dimensional form and these are illustrated graphically for various physical parameters involved in the study. Investigation reveals that the fluid velocity is decelerated in the region adjacent to the plate, due to the effect of first order chemical reaction and the rate of heat transfer (from plate to the fluid) decreases due to the absorption of thermal radiation. The results obtained in this work are consistent with physical situation of the problem.     

Nonlinear stability of a parabolic velocity profile in a plane periodic channel

An inviscid or viscous incompressible flow with a general parabolic velocity profile in an infinite plane periodic channel with parallel walls that can move is considered with the impermeability conditions (for the Euler equations) or the no-slip conditions (for the Navier-Stokes equations). The nonlinear (for the original equations) and nonlocal (for all Reynolds numbers) stability of the unperturbed flow with respect to arbitrary two-dimensional smooth perturbations of the initial velocity field is established.     

Combined free and forced convection effects on the magnetohydrodynamic flow through a porous channel

The combined effect of free and forced convection on the flow of an electrically conducting liquid between two horizontal parallel porous walls has been studied. There is a transverse magnetic field at the walls. The equations of motion and energy have been solved by a small perturbation method. The flow phenomenon has been characterized by the non-dimensional numbers like R (cross-flow Reynolds number), K (Brinkman number), G (Grashof number), M (magnetic number) and the effects of these numbers on the velocity and temperature fields, induced magnetic field, electric field and shearing stress at the walls have been studied.     

Stability theory for a two-dimensional channel

A scheme for deriving conditions for the nonlinear stability of an ideal or viscous incompressible steady flow in a two-dimensional channel that is periodic in one direction is described. A lower bound for the main factor ensuring the stability of the Reynolds–Kolmogorov sinusoidal flow with no-slip conditions (short wavelength stability) is improved. A condition for the stability of a vortex strip modeling Richtmyer–Meshkov fluid vortices (long wavelength stability) is presented.     

Finite-amplitude Rotational Waves in Viscous Shear Flows

Growing finite-amplitude initially spanwise-independent two-dimensional rotational waves and their nonlinear interaction with unidirectional viscous shear flows of various strengths are considered. Both primary and secondary instabilities are studied, but only secondary instabilities are permitted to vary in the spanwise direction. A generalized Lagrangian-mean formulation is employed to describe wave-mean interactions, and a separate theory is constructed to account for the back effect of the developing mean flow on the wave field. Viscosity is seen to significantly complicate calculation of the back effect. The primary instability is seen to act as a platform for, and catalyst to, secondary instabilities. The analysis leads to an eigenvalue problem for the initial growth of the secondary instability, this being a generalization of the eigenvalue problem constructed by Craik for inviscid neutral waves. Two inviscid secondary instability mechanisms to longitudinal vortex form are observed: the first has as its basis the Craik–Leibovich type 2 mechanism. The second, which is as yet unproven, requires that both the wave and flow field distort in concert at all levels of shear. Both mechanisms excite exponential growth on a convective rather than diffusive scale in the presence of neutral waves, but growing waves alter that growth rate.     

Nonlinear Dynamics of Non-uniform Current-Vortex Sheets in Magnetohydrodynamic Flows

A theoretical model is proposed to describe fully nonlinear dynamics of interfaces in two-dimensional MHD flows based on an idea of non-uniform current-vortex sheet. Application of vortex sheet model to MHD flows has a crucial difficulty because of non-conservative nature of magnetic tension. However, it is shown that when a magnetic field is initially parallel to an interface, the concept of vortex sheet can be extended to MHD flows (current-vortex sheet). Two-dimensional MHD flows are then described only by a one-dimensional Lagrange parameter on the sheet. It is also shown that bulk magnetic field and velocity can be calculated from their values on the sheet. The model is tested by MHD Richtmyer–Meshkov instability with sinusoidal vortex sheet strength. Two-dimensional ideal MHD simulations show that the nonlinear dynamics of a shocked interface with density stratification agrees fairly well with that for its corresponding potential flow. Numerical solutions of the model reproduce properly the results of the ideal MHD simulations, such as the roll-up of spike, exponential growth of magnetic field, and its saturation and oscillation. Nonlinear evolution of the interface is found to be determined by the Alfvén and Atwood numbers. Some of their dependence on the sheet dynamics and magnetic field amplification are discussed. It is shown by the model that the magnetic field amplification occurs locally associated with the nonlinear dynamics of the current-vortex sheet. We expect that our model can be applicable to a wide variety of MHD shear flows.     

Nonlinear temporal dynamics in magnetic fluids between undulatory parallel walls

The effects of undulatory parallel walls and a normal magnetic field on the stability of weakly nonlinear waves at a horizontal interface of two magnetic inviscid fluids are investigated. We assumed that the walls have a weak sinusoidal undulation. The frequency of the main waves is similar to a problem having smooth boundaries. The breaker surface tension and the breaker magnetic field are obtained. The stability analysis concerns the interaction of two propagation wave numbers satisfying the resonance condition imposed by the periodicity of the sinusoidal walls. The first-resonance case occurs whenever the wall wave number is nearly equal to twice the propagation wave number while the second-resonance case occurs whenever the two kinds of wave numbers are nearly equal. When the wave number of the undulation is far from the propagation wave number, the sinusoidal walls have the same effect of the smooth walls on the stability criterion. The stability conditions and the transition curves in the two resonance cases are treated away from the critical state. The existence conditions and stability of Stokes waves near the critical state are discussed. Numerous illustrations and graphs amplify the work.     

On MHD flow of an incompressible viscous fluid

In this paper, we apply Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) to find the analytical solutions of nonlinear MHD flow of an incompressible viscous fluid through convergent or divergent channels in presence of a high magnetic field. The flow of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid in convergent or divergent channels under the influence of an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field is studied both analytically and numerically. The graphs are presented to reveal the physical characteristics of flow by changing angles of the channel, Hartmann and Reynolds numbers.     

Unsteady couette flow of a conducting fluid between two parallel plates under a transverse magnetic field—II

The effect of a sudden change in magnetic field and pressure gradient on a steady Couette flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two parallel plates in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is considered. Expressions for the velocity of the fluid in the disturbed flow, the intensities of the electrical and magnetic fields are obtained in two cases when the plates are non-conducting and when they are perfectly conducting.     

Flow and heat transfer for a power-law electrically conducting fluid flowing between parallel plates under transverse magnetic field with viscous dissipation

The flow and heat transfer problem with viscous dissipation for electrically conducting non-Newtonian fluids with power-law model in the thermal entrance region of two parallel plates with magnetic field under constant heat flux and constant wall temperature conditions has been studied. The governing equations have been solved numerically using quasilinearization technique and implicit finite-difference scheme. It has been found that the effect of viscous dissipation on heat transfer is quite significant for heating and cooling conditions at the wall.     

A New Class of Nonlinear Waves in Parallel Flows

Waves in parallel shear flows are found to have different characteristics depending on whether nonlinear or viscous effects dominate near the critical layer. In this paper a nonlinear theory is developed which gives rise to a class of disturbances not found in the classical viscous theory. It is suggested that the modes found from such an analysis may be of importance in the breakdown of laminar flow due to free stream disturbances.     

Linear and nonlinear stability analysis of binary viscoelastic fluid convection

The linear and weakly nonlinear stability analysis of the quiescent state in a viscoelastic fluid subject to vertical solute concentration and temperature gradients is investigated. The non-Newtonian behavior of the viscoelastic fluid is characterized using the Oldroyd model. Analytical expressions for the critical Rayleigh numbers and corresponding wave numbers for the onset of stationary or oscillatory convection subject to cross diffusion effects is determined. A stability diagram clearly demarcates non-overlapping regions of finger and diffusive instabilities. A Lorenz system is obtained in the case of the weakly nonlinear stability analysis. The effect of Dufour and Soret parameters on the heat and mass transports are determined and discussed. Due to consideration of dilute concentrations of the second diffusing component the route to chaos in binary viscoelastic fluid systems is similar to that of single-component (thermal) viscoelastic fluid systems.     

Numerical and asymptotic study of non‐axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer stagnation‐point flows

Both numerical and asymptotic analyses are performed to study the similarity solutions of three‐dimensional boundary‐layer viscous stagnation point flow in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. The three‐dimensional boundary‐layer is analyzed in a non‐axisymmetric stagnation point flow, in which the flow is developed because of influence of both applied magnetic field and external mainstream flow. Two approaches for the governing equations are employed: the Keller‐box numerical simulations solving full nonlinear coupled system and a corresponding linearized system that is obtained under a far‐field behavior and in the limit of large shear‐to‐strain‐rate parameter (λ). From these two approaches, the flow phenomena reveals a rich structure of new family of solutions for various values of the magnetic number and λ. The various results for the wall stresses and the displacement thicknesses are presented along with some velocity profiles in both directions. The analysis discovered that the flow separation occurs in the secondary flow direction in the absence of magnetic field, and the flow separation disappears when the applied magnetic field is increased. The flow field is divided into a near‐field (due to viscous forces) and far‐field (due to mainstream flows), and the velocity profiles form because of an interaction between two regions. The magnetic field plays an important role in reducing the thickness of the boundary‐layer. A physical explanation for all observed phenomena is discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation and Free-Interface Models in Combustion Theory

In combustion theory, a thin flame zone is usually replaced by a free interface. A very challenging problem is the derivation of a self-consistent equation for the flame front which yields a reduction of the dimensionality of the system. A paradigm is the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (K-S) equation, which models cellular instabilities and turbulence phenomena. In this survey paper, we browse through a series of models in which one reaches a fully nonlinear parabolic equation for the free interface, involving pseudo-differential operators. The K-S equation appears to be asymptotically the lowest order of approximation near the threshold of stability.     

Unsteady couette flow of a conducting fluid between two parallel plates under a transverse magnetic field—I

The unsteady Couette flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two parallel plates in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is considered. Using the Laplace transform technique, expressions for the velocity of the fluid and the intensities of the electrical and magnetic fields are obtained in two cases; when the plates are non-conducting and when they are perfectly conducting.