傅氏声强测量中的声压算法

本文介绍傅氏声强测量中,用几何平均声压代替算术平均声压,可以减少计算工作量．并从理论上证明了两者之间的差异可以忽略,因此可以保证声压测量的精度．     

关于声波在空气中衰减的实验研究

通过测量声波传播过程中声压峰值的变化,给出了声强衰减系数的实验结果和不确定度评估．     

小阻尼封闭空间声压级灵敏度分析与优化设计

本文研究了小阻尼界面封闭空间低频声学有限元分析、灵敏度分析和优化设计问题。分别用模态法和直接法计算了封闭空间内声压级响应，并推导了声压级响应对声空间边界形状控制参数的灵敏度分析公式，在此基础上建立了小阻尼空间声学问题的优化模型，同时给出了优化求解算法，并在JIFEX软件中进行了程序实现。本文提出的灵敏度分析和优化设计方法可以使声场的边界布局更为合理，从而达到改进小阻尼界面封闭空间声学性能的目的。数值算例验证了本文提出的灵敏度分析和优化算法的有效性。     

基于正则粒子算法的红外成像消噪处理研究

针对红外成像中的问题,应用正则粒子再采样算法实现红外成像消噪处理。首先依据序列重采样算法,从重要性密度函数中采样,而后进行粒子权重归一化,优化粒子克服衰竭现象,最后给出成像模型和精度函数。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

精确自动识别莫尔条纹方向角的算法

由于常规莫尔条纹计算方法难以满足速度和精度的要求,本文提出一种快速准确求取莫尔条纹方向角的算法。该算法首先根据直线方向与莫尔条纹方向越接近则均方误差值越小的原理,初步求得莫尔方向角α,之后采用Mean-Shift算法在方向角α附近进一步精确求取莫尔条纹方向角。实验结果表明：采用误差评判指标测试对比度满足5.4%时,提出的算法所获得的莫尔条纹方向角计算精度达到29＇,同时计算速度相对频域处理方法大幅提高,计算时间为15 ms,满足算法处理速度对实时性的要求。     

高功率固体激光器光学元件面形评价参数

结合高功率固体激光器的发展,说明了高功率光学元件面形评价参数的产生原因、发展过程及其内在因素。介绍了面形评价参数的现状,并通过讨论各面形评价参数之间的内在联系,说明了现行评价参数的综合性能及发展趋势。     

合成双射流对下游声压级影响试验

在Ma=0.4的来流条件下, 利用安装在主翼后缘处的合成双射流激励器对襟翼上的流动进行控制, 在风洞中开展了合成双射流对下游声压级影响的研究. 基于脉动压力测量结果, 结合油流显示试验, 得到了合成双射流对下游不同流动状态区域声压级影响的一些结论. 对于附着流, 在其峰值频率附近激励会明显提高其声压级; 对于受旋涡主导的流动, 恰当的合成双射流控制可以降低声压级, 激励频率较为关键. 在俯仰运动过程中, 对于附着流, 激励提高了声压级, 但不改变其迟滞特性; 对于受旋涡主导的流动, 激励对声压级的影响与攻角有关, 能够减弱其迟滞特性, 但激励强度对迟滞特性的影响较小, 减小声压级的最佳激励与运动历程有关.      

高功率光学元件畸变波前位相均方根梯度计算

根据实际光学元件的畸变波前建立了畸变波前模型,分析了位相均方根梯度计算过程中,三种波前数据处理方式的各自特点及优劣,并得出最佳处理方式,即对波前边缘增添零采样点、加汉宁窗处理、傅里叶变换、低通滤波、傅里叶逆变换、乘上逆汉宁窗,最后截取原始长度的数据。讨论了畸变波前边缘增添零采样点的个数、波前口径、波前抽样间距与均方根误差之间的相互关系。计算证明,对于口径为300 mm×300 mm、抽样间隔为0.5 mm的随机波前,当取截止频率为33 mm－1、初始波前两边分别添14个点即波前尺寸扩大7 mm长时,其均方根误差最小,此时该值为 0.008 λ,恢复的波前最理想,计算所得的位相均方根梯度也最合理。     

精确自动识别莫尔条纹方向角的算法

由于常规莫尔条纹计算方法难以满足速度和精度的要求,本文提出一种快速准确求取莫尔条纹方向角的算法。该算法首先根据直线方向与莫尔条纹方向越接近则均方误差值越小的原理,初步求得莫尔方向角α,之后采用Mean-Shift算法在方向角α附近进一步精确求取莫尔条纹方向角。实验结果表明:采用误差评判指标测试对比度满足5.4%时,提出的算法所获得的莫尔条纹方向角计算精度达到29',同时计算速度相对频域处理方法大幅提高,计算时间为15 ms,满足算法处理速度对实时性的要求。     

高功率光学元件畸变波前位相均方根梯度计算

 根据实际光学元件的畸变波前建立了畸变波前模型,分析了位相均方根梯度计算过程中,三种波前数据处理方式的各自特点及优劣,并得出最佳处理方式,即对波前边缘增添零采样点、加汉宁窗处理、傅里叶变换、低通滤波、傅里叶逆变换、乘上逆汉宁窗,最后截取原始长度的数据。讨论了畸变波前边缘增添零采样点的个数、波前口径、波前抽样间距与均方根误差之间的相互关系。计算证明,对于口径为300 mm×300 mm、抽样间隔为0.5 mm的随机波前,当取截止频率为33 mm^－1、初始波前两边分别添14个点即波前尺寸扩大7 mm长时,其均方根误差最小,此时该值为 0.008 λ,恢复的波前最理想,计算所得的位相均方根梯度也最合理。     

Data on subglottal pressure and SPL at varied vocalloudness and pitch in 8- to 11-year-old children

Phonation threshold pressure has been defined as the minimum subglottalpressure to generate phonation. Previous research has indicated that children may habitually employ higher subglottal pressures than adults. In the present investigation sound pressure level (SPL) and subglottal pressures at different pitch levels were measured at and above phonation threshold in nine children. Phonation threshold values were scattered in reasonable agreement with Titzes' prediction, although a discrepancy was noted regarding the frequency dependence in some voices. At normal conversational loudness and loudest level of phonation the children's PS values were between two to four and four to eight times the predicted threshold values, respectively. At normal conversational loudness and habitual pitch subglottal pressures were lower than those previously observed for children, but similar to those found for female adults. The SPL in softest and loudest phonation were somewhat lower as compared to previous phonetogram data for children and for female adults. At normal loudness and habitual pitch the SPL values were similar to those of female adults. For a doubling of P_s mean SPL increased by 10.5 dB on the average.     

Conversion of a head-mounted microphone signal intocalibrated SPL units

A method is reviewed for conversion of a microphone signal into calibrated Sound Pressure Level (SPL) units. The method follows American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for S1.4 SPL meters and requires an accurate SPL meter and an accurate calibration sound source for conversion. Accuracy and validation data from test signals and human phonation are provided. The results indicate that under typical speech conditions, an absolute accuracy of plus or minus 1.6 dB (type I SPL meter) can be obtained with a miniature head-mounted microphone.     

船用超声液位传感器的分析与设计

介绍了一种船用某型超声液位传感器的基本结构和工作原理。在对脉冲式超声探头的轴向声压分布特点及其声透射强度分析研究的基础上,给出了该传感器的超声信号发射端与接收端之间距离d和压电晶片保护膜的壁厚δ值的确定方法。最后设计了一套超声液位传感器性能测试实验平台,对上述理论研究结论进行了实验验证。     

Determination of the sound power levels emitted by various vehicles using a novel testing method

This paper presents a new and efficient method to determine sound power levels (PWLs). PWLs, generally used for modeling outdoor sound simulations, are obtained from sounds that are emitted by various types of vehicles and cause road traffic noise. Other models, such as HARMONOISE and the ASJ Model, are also based on PWLs. However, a more efficient method is required for determining PWLs from sound pressure levels (SPLs) that typically are measured by field testing and evaluating the influence of different vehicles and road surfaces. The statistical pass-by (SPB) of ISO 11819-1 is used for SPL measurements; however, numerous SPBs must be carried out to reduce measurement uncertainty as well as to satisfy requirements related to meteorological conditions and background noise. In order to alleviate this problem and to make the determination of PWLS more efficient, a testing approach is presented that uses both the novel close proximity (NCPX) method and the pass-by method to determine PWLs.     

Estimated subglottal pressure in six professionalcountry singers

Estimates of subglottal pressure in six professional male country singerswere obtained during the /p/ occlusion while the subjects spoke, sang a country tune, and sang the tune of the United States national anthem. The subglottal pressure values, which were very similar in both the speech-like and singing-mode syllables, usually measured below 45 cm of water column, but they ranged as high as 59 cm. The sound pressure level in singing was also measured and was lower than that discovered in classically trained singers at high subglottal pressures.     

未知耦合腔体积活塞发声器声压级的检测

本文简要介绍了活塞发声器的工作原理及其声压级的测量原理,着重分析了未知耦合腔体积活塞发声器的有效体积与声压级的测量方法。     

Fundamental frequency and sound pressure level of phonation in pathological states

The fundamental frequency (F₀) for the habitual pitch (F_0HAB), F₀ for the lowest physiological tone (F_0L), F₀ for the highest physiological tone (F_0H), F₀ range of phonation (F₀ Rg), sound pressure level (SPL) for habitual loudness (SPL_HAB), SPL for the softest tone (SPL_S), SPL for the loudest tone (SPL_L), and SPL range of phonation (SPL Rg) were measured in 40 normal adult subjects and 1,563 voice patients with varying diseases. F_0H, F₀ Rg, SPL_L, and SPL Rg were decreased in many disease groups. F_0HAB and F_0L varied. SPL_HAB and SPL_S were increased in some disease groups. F₀-related parameters reflected effects of treatments in the cases with polyp, Reinke's edema, epithelial hyperplasia, carcinoma, and paralysis. Effects of treatments were manifested in SPL-related parameters in the cases with nodule, polyp, carcinoma, and paralysis.