胎儿和儿童骨中稀土元素与微量元素分析及其生物信息

中子活化法分析了多例胎儿骨，儿童骨和猪脚骨中稀土元素，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析了多例胎儿骨中微量元素并讨论了稀土元素透过胎盘屏障进入胎儿人和儿童进行中的累积情况。     

必需微量元素与人体健康

人的躯体与各内脏都是由多种化学元素组成的，人体现已检出81种元素，其中有14种是人体必需微量元素。微量元素与人体健康密切相关。本文阐述了必需微量元素在人体内的生理功能，同时简述了必需微量元素的来源、微量元素间的相互作用以及必需微量元素缺乏或过量对人体产生的影响。     

人体必需元素复杂的生理作用

必需元素在人体内的作用很复杂,其中有的微量元素的生理作用人们至今知之甚少。下面从几个方面概述其生理作用。１．人体组成部分。钙、磷等元素是人体骨胳的主要成分,这些元素组成的骨胳既是人体代谢的结果,也可从中被提取出来参加代谢。２．保持血液的酸碱度及电解质...     

古人类骨骼中微量元素的分析及其与古代食谱的关联

采用等离子体质谱(ICP-Ms)法对三峡地区及长江下游地区出土的古墓中的人体骨骼中的微量元素Zn、Sr、Ba、Ca进行了分析，并与原子吸收光谱(AAS)对照，结果表明：ICP-MS是骨化学微量元素分析很好的方法，它相对FAAS，具有灵敏度高，检出限低，可快速进行多元素检测等优点，对溶液中元素的检出限可达到ng/L数量级，对元素的高含量和低含量都能进行准确测量。本实验以Zn、Sr、Ba、Ca为指示剂，根据其测量结果，还对上述两地区的古人类食谱进行了初步探讨。     

影响骨质疏松症老年人的微量元素及膳食因素探讨

目的分析探讨骨质疏松症老年人微量元素含量变化。方法选取2014年7月—2015年6月到佛山市第一人民医院就诊的老年患者200例为研究对象,男性53例,女性147例,根据BMD分组为正常组、骨量低下组与骨质疏松组,对比分析男性与女性,不同BMD分组之间的微量元素含量。结果女性腰椎和股骨颈骨密度均明显低于同年龄的男性(P0.05),且绝经后女性更容易发生骨质疏松。男性微量元素Fe、Zn、Cd含量显著高于女性(P0.05);而Cu含量则显著低于女性(P0.05)。男性组中,骨质疏松组血清Fe、血清Cd含量均显著高于骨量正常组(P0.05)。女性组中,骨质疏松组血清Se、血清Pb含量显著高于正常组(P0.01)。结论老年骨质疏松症的发生与老年人机体内微量元素含量降低、营养代谢能力减弱等因素存在较大关系,故积极探究影响骨质疏松症老年人的微量元素及膳食因素具有重要意义。     

微量元素锌和钙对大鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞样细胞体外培养增殖分化的影响

所用的细胞按照Luben改良的方法培养。用S．D．大鼠颅盖骨，以胶原酶、胰蛋白酶消化，收集细胞，在10％胎牛血清的199培养液中。于5％CO3、37℃饱和湿度培养，在条件液中。分别加不同浓度的微量元素锌和钙，从形态学及生化指标探讨，证实微量元素锌和钙对成骨细胞样细胞的增殖分化都有明显的髟响。     

中子活化分析在微量元素与肿瘤研究中的应用（摘要）

肿瘤是一种严重威胁人类生命健康的疾病。研究表明，许多微量元素如砷、铬、碘、钼、硒等与肿瘤的发生发展有关。因而研究微量元素在肿瘤发生发展中的作用，对于治疗和预防该类疾病的发生有着极其重要的意义。在微量元素与肿瘤的研究中需要对各种生物材料中的微量元素含量及其赋存状态或化学形态进行分析。然而在人或动物体内大多数微量元素含量极低，化学形态复杂，所以肿瘤与微量元素关系的研究与微量元素的分析技术息息相关。目前用于生物微量元素的分析技术有许多，如原子吸收光谱、原子发射光谱、原子荧光光谱、X一射线荧光光谱和中子…     

氟化物对幼年大鼠骨矿物质和血微量元素的影响及其相关性研究

为探讨氟化钠对幼年大鼠血清4种微量元素和骨矿物质含量的影响,以及大鼠骨矿物质和血清微量元素的相关性,将80只2月龄SPF级SO大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分成8组：对照（幼年CS、成年AS）组和用药组（幼年高氟组CHS、幼年低氟组CLS、成年高氟组AHS、成年低氟组ALS、幼年长期高氟组HS、幼年长期低氟组15）。对照组灌胃生理盐水,用药组分别按相应时间给予不同剂量的NaF灌胃,测定了大鼠尺骨和血清中的Ca、P、Fe、Zn含量。结果表明,（1）血清微量元素：①与cs组相比,CHS组和CLS组的磷（P）分别增加100．0％和193．8％（P〈0．05）。②与AS组相比,HS组的Ca、Zn分别下降了20．5％和40．0％,而P则增加了74．0％（P〈0．05）;Ls组的Zn下降了33．3％（P〈0．05）。与HS组比较,CHS组的Ca增加22．3％。③与LS组比较,CLS组的P和Zn明显增加49．2％和28．5％（P〈0．05）。（2）骨矿物质：①与As组相比,HS组的Ca分别下降了23．9％（P〈0．05）,Zn则增加了36．1％（P〈0．05）。②与HS组相比,CHS组的Ca和Fe分别增加了42．3％和36．05％,Zn下降了38．6％（P〈0．05）。（3）骨矿物质和血清微量元素的相关性：骨Ca和血Ca、骨P和血P、骨Zn和血Zn、骨Fe和血Fe的相关系数分别为0．435、0．347、0．136和0．059（P〉0．05）。提示长期使用氟化钠,可以导致幼年大鼠血中微量元素代谢紊乱,骨矿物含量降低,但未确定大鼠骨矿物含量和血微量元素具有相关性。     

Alloxan诱发糖尿病实验大鼠微量元素谱的多元分析

为确认Ａｌｌｏｘａｎ发糖尿病鼠与微量元素的关连，用多元分析研究了糖尿病鼠样品中微量元素，并引出对糖尿病的新见解。用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定了Ａｌｌｏｘｚｎ诱发糖尿病鼠和对照鼠的骨、心、肾、脾、肺、肝、血和毛中１９种微量和宏量元素（Ａｌ、Ａｓ、Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ） ，结果在糖尿病鼠与对照经组的微量元素间呈现一些显著差异。多元分析找到     

六种祛风湿中成药中微量元素含量的测定

中药功效与微量元素之间的关系 ,已被越来越多的学者研究证实[1～ 3] ,但对祛风湿中成药中微量元素的分析未见报道。现代医学中 ,风湿病是指与免疫代谢、感染、遗传、退行性变有关的骨、关节、肌肉疼痛为主的疾患 ,其范围相当广泛 ,为临床常见病[4] 。本文通过对风湿马钱片等 6种祛风湿中成药中Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｐｂ、Ｈｇ等 7种微量元素含量的测定 ,为进一步研究相关微量元素的存在形态、探讨药理机制、提高药效和降低毒副作用提供参考。1　实验1 1　仪器与试剂ＷＦＸ ⅠＣ型原子吸收分光光度计 (北京第二分析仪器厂 ) ,Ｗ…     

Optical and X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies of Bone and Teeth in Newborn Rats After Maternal Treatment with Indinavir

An experiment estimating influence of antiviral drug indinavir treatment during pregnancy on bones and teeth development in newborn rats was performed. Two different fluorescence noninvasive spectroscopy techniques, i.e . laser (407 nm)-induced fluorescence method to characterize the organic fluorescent molecules and X-ray fluorescence analysis to determine mineral components were used to study the surface response of femur, mandible and incisor during their formation in the first month of a rat's life. Differences in autofluorescence depending on the form of the bone were observed on the basis of the emission from enamel in 7-, 14- and 28-day-old newborn rats. The dependence between decrease in intensity of fluorescence and increase in mineralization with age in newborn rats was observed. An enhancement of the autofluorescence and a decrease in the concentration of Ca as a main element, as well as disturbances in the concentration of Zn as trace element were observed for bone as well as teeth in newborns during the first month of their life after maternal administration of indinavir (500 mg kg⁻¹ P.O.) in comparison with the control group. The results indicate that indinavir causes a delay in development of the skeleton and teeth in newborn rats.     

赣南鼢鼠骨骼中7种微量元素含量的测定

目的赣南鼢鼠骨骼经硝酸、高氯酸消化后,在样品中加入氯化镧作为释放剂以消除共存离子的干扰,方法采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对赣南鼢鼠骨骼中7种微量元素ca、cu、Mn、Fe、zn、Pb、和Mg进行了测定。结果赣南鼢鼠全骨中7种元素含量依次为ca,Fe,zn,Mn,cu,Mg,Pb,同一元素在不同骨骼分布不均,头骨最丰富,除zn、Mn外,同一元素在不同部位骨骼的含量存在显著差异,结论此种方法灵敏度高,操作简便快速,结果准确,重现性好,说明赣南鼢鼠终生虽营地下生活,但骨骼微量元素含量依然丰富,并不表现出缺乏的现象。     

On the distribution of trace elements in human skeletons

Instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry have been used to study the occurence and distribution with a maximum of 25 elements in multiple sites of a skeleton and in the iliac crest of 69 ancient human skeletons. To study the distribution of trace elements between the different bone fractions the material of each sampling site was chemically treated to separate the collagen and the mineral from one another. Losses or contamination during the extraction procedure have been controled in detail by balance calculations. The elements can be subdivided into several groups due to the balance calculation and their association with the mineral. The analysis of the skeleton showed that the trace elements are distributed in varying degrees within a bone and throughout the skeleton their variation seems to be related to functional and structural conditions of the sampling site. The element content was observed to be higher at epiphyseal areas of long bones than in the shaft and higher in trabecular than in cortical bones. It was found that the element content of a single bone sample depends largely on the mass ratio spongiosa/compacta at the sampling site. By investigating an ancient population group, information about the “natural levels” and biological variation of trace elements was obtained. The results for F, Pb, Sr, and Zn in particular suggest that these elements could be useful in the study of health problems in man which involves the bone tissue.     

Are archaeological bones similar to modern bones? An INAA assessment

For more than a decade, archaeometrists have been analyzing archaeologically recovered human bones in an attempt to relate their trace element contents to diet. Although the problems of diagenesis have been recognized, the variable effects have been difficult to establish. In this paper, an assessment is made of the analytical reliability of the INAA determination of major and trace elements, using their short-lived radioisotopes in both regular and defatted modern cancellous bone, and in modern cortical bone. This modern bone information is then compared with analytical data for bones from Egyptian mummies ranging in age from 2000 to 3700 BP, and with normallyburied 11 th century French bones. Diagenetic effects may readily be detected by the measurement of elevated quantities of V, Mn, and Al in soil-contaminated bones. The Ca to P concentration ratios and the organic content may also be used to separate bone from diagenetically altered archaeological specimens.     

Distribution of uranium in human bones

Uranium and calcium contents in human bones (skull, rib and femur) were determined by the fission track method and the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopic method (ICP-AES), respectively. The U/Ca concentration ratio in the bones was found to decrease in the order of rib greater than femur greater than skull, which is in accordance with the decreasing order of the mean annual replacement percentage of bone components. Several femur bones were cut into several longitudinal segments, and uranium and calcium contents in each segment were determined. Among these, the U/Ca ratio in the epiphysis was higher than those in the diaphysis.     

The use of multi-element concentration datasets obtained by INAA in the identification of sources of environmental pollutants

Trace element concentration patterns can be used for the identification of objects or materials. Early applications were related to the elucidation of identity or origin of objects. Recently, a number of applications have been reported of the use of trace element concentration patterns to recognize and identify components of mixtures of materials, mainly of environmental interest. In the present paper two examples are discussed of application of Target Transformation Factor Analysis to trace element concentration patterns, to identify sources of heavy metal air pollution. The materials studied are air particulate matter and epiphytic lichens used as biological accumulator.     

白血病骨髓移植患者口腔黏膜病与微量元素锌的关系

为研究白血病骨髓移植患者全血微量元素锌与口腔黏膜病的关系，用原子吸收光谱法检测了正常对照组与白血病骨髓移患者预处理前及移植后骨髓空虚期全血微量元素锌的含量，并观察了白血病骨髓移植患者空黏膜病变情况。结果表明，正常对照组全血锌浓度与白血病骨髓移植患者预处理前全血锌浓度比较，差异无显著性（P＞0．05），而预处理前全血锌浓度与骨髓空虚期全血锌浓度有显著性差异（P＜0．01），白血病缓解后（预处理前）血锌接受正常水平，无口腔溃疡发生，而白血病骨髓移植患者处理后骨髓空虚期全血锌含量显著降低，并出现不同程度的口腔黏膜病变，说明预处理影响微量元素锌的代谢，微量元素锌的减少与白血病骨髓移植患者移植患者口腔黏膜病的发生有关。     

The estimation of pig bone age for forensic application using thermogravimetric analysis

An accurate means of determining bone age is a goal for forensic scientists. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used to examine pig bone specimens of different post-mortem age. Analysis of bone in both air and nitrogen atmospheres reveals a decrease in total mass loss as the bones age. Two mass loss steps due to the decomposition of the organic bone components were observed and show decreasing trends with age for decomposition in an air atmosphere. In a nitrogen atmosphere the decomposition was observed to be more complex and age dependence of the mass loss for each step was not identified. The TGA data, however, demonstrates the potential of the technique as a means of estimating post-mortem age of forensic bone specimens.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of prehistoric and ancient bone remains

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to study the element contents in bones of prehistoric dinosaurs and bones of an ancient bear and an archantrop (ancient person), which were found on the territory of Uzbekistan. Concentrations of more than 25 elements were in the range of 0.043–3600 mg/kg. Multielement analyses of bone and soil samples were carried out by INAA using the WWR-SM research nuclear reactor. Results of measurements have shown that in the dinosaurs bones the concentration of the rare earth elements (REEs) were within 280–3200 mg/kg; the uranium content reached a very high value, up to 180 mg/kg, while in soils coating the dinosaurs bones this content was 4.2 mg/kg; in the bones of the archantrop it was 1.53 mg/kg and in the bones of a standard person its amount is less than 0.016 mg/kg.