The realization space of a Π-algebra: a moduli problem in algebraic topology

A Π-algebra A is a graded group with all of the algebraic structure possessed by the homotopy groups of a pointed connected topological space. We study the moduli space R(A) of realizations of A, which is defined to be the disjoint union, indexed by weak equivalence classes of CW-complexes X with , of the classifying space of the monoid of self homotopy equivalences of X. Our approach amounts to a kind of homotopical deformation theory: we obtain a tower whose homotopy limit is R(A), in which the space at the bottom is BAut(A) and the successive fibres are determined by Π-algebra cohomology. (This cohomology is the analog for Π-algebras of the Hochschild cohomology of an associative ring or the André-Quillen cohomology of a commutative ring.) It seems clear that the deformation theory can be applied with little change to study other moduli problems in algebra and topology.     

On the elementary obstruction to the existence of rational points

The differentials of a certain spectral sequence converging to the Brauer-Grothendieck group of an algebraic variety X over an arbitrary field are interpreted as the ∪-product with the class of the so-called “elementary obstruction.” This class is closely related to the cohomology class of the first-degree Albanese variety of X. If X is a homogeneous space of an algebraic group, then the elementary obstruction can be described explicitly in terms of natural cohomological invariants of X. This reduces the calculation of the Brauer-Grothendieck group to the computation of a certain pairing in the Galois cohomology.     

Cohomology theories of Hopf bimodules and cup-product

Given a Hopf algebra A, there exist various cohomology theories for the category of Hopf bimodules over A, introduced by Gerstenhaber and Schack, and by Ospel. We prove, when all the spaces involved are finite dimensional, that they are all equal to the Ext functor on the module category of an associative algebra X associated to A, as described by Cibils and Rosso. We also give an expression for a cup-product in the cohomology defined by Ospel, and prove that it corresponds to the Yoneda product of extensions.     

The spectral sequence relating algebraic K-theory to motivic cohomology

Beginning with the Bloch-Lichtenbaum exact couple relating the motivic cohomology of a field F to the algebraic K-theory of F, the authors construct a spectral sequence for any smooth scheme X over F whose E₂ term is the motivic cohomology of X and whose abutment is the Quillen K-theory of X. A multiplicative structure is exhibited on this spectral sequence. The spectral sequence is that associated to a tower of spectra determined by consideration of the filtration of coherent sheaves on X by codimension of support.     

On the Algebraic Cohomology of Real Algebraic M-Varieties

For a real algebraic M-variety X, the canonical homomorphism of the algebraic cohomology group of the set of real points into the algebraic cohomology group of the set of complex points $$\varrho _k :H_{alg}^k (X(\mathbb{R}),\mathbb{Z}/2) \to H_{alg}^{2k} (X(\mathbb{C}),\mathbb{Z}/2)$$ is considered. This homomorphism agrees with the cycle mappings. Estimates for the dimension of the kernel of this homomorphism are given.     

Approximately vanishing of topological cohomology groups

In this paper, we establish the pexiderized stability of coboundaries and cocycles and use them to investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability of some functional equations. We prove that for each Banach algebra A, Banach A-bimodule X and positive integer n,Hn(A,X)=0 if and only if the nth cohomology group approximately vanishes.     

Equivariant homology and cohomology of groups

We provide and study an equivariant theory of group (co)homology of a group G with coefficients in a Γ-equivariant G-module A, when a separate group Γ acts on G and A, generalizing the classical Eilenberg-MacLane (co)homology theory of groups. Relationship with equivariant cohomology of topological spaces is established and application to algebraic K-theory is given.     

Rational surfaces and regular maps into the 2-dimensional sphere

Let X and Y be affine nonsingular real algebraic varieties. A general problem in Real Algebraic Geometry is to try to decide when a mapping, , can be approximated by regular mappings in the space of mappings, , equipped with the topology. In this paper, we obtain some results concerning this problem when the target space is the 2-dimensional standard sphere and X has a complexification that is a rational (complex) surface. To get the results we study the subgroup of the second cohomology group of X with integer coefficients that consists of the cohomology classes that are pullbacks, via the inclusion mapping , of the cohomology classes in represented by complex algebraic hypersurfaces. Received December 1, 1998; in final form August 2, 1999     

Actions of Totally Disconnected Groups and Equivariant Singular Cohomology

In this work, we study the special properties of the equivariant singular cohomology of a G-space X, where G is a totally disconnected, locally compact group. We prove that any short exact sequence of coefficient systems for G, over a ring R, gives a long exact sequence of the associated equivariant singular cohomology modules. We establish the relationship between the ordinary singular cohomology modules and the equivariant singular cohomology modules with the natural contravariant coefficient system. Moreover, under some conditions, we give an isomorphism of the equivariant singular cohomology modules of the G-space X onto the ordinary singular cohomology modules of the orbit space X/G.     

Slowly Increasing Cohomology for Discrete Metric Spaces with Polynomial Growth

The authors introduce a kind of slowly increasing cohomology HS*(X) for a discrete metric space X with polynomial growth,and construct a character map from the slowly increasing cohomology HS*(X) into HC*cont(S(X)),the continuous cyclic cohomology of the smooth subalgebra S(X) of the uniform Roe algebra B*(X).As an application,it is shown that the fundamental cocycle,associated with a uniformly contractible complete Riemannian manifold M with polynomial volume growth and polynomial contractibility radius growth,is slowly increasing.     

A remark on Barth’s connectivity theorem

It has been remarked by Hartshorne, that Barth’s theorem for a smooth projective X follows from the strong Lefschetz theorem for the cohomology of X. Using the strong Lefschetz theorem for intersection cohomology, we give an extension of Barth’s theorem to singular X. This naturally raises several questions concerning possible Barth theorems on the level of intersection cohomology.     

Stable étale realization and étale cobordism

We show that there is a stable homotopy theory of profinite spaces and use it for two main applications. On the one hand we construct an étale topological realization of the stable A¹-homotopy theory of smooth schemes over a base field of arbitrary characteristic in analogy to the complex realization functor for fields of characteristic zero.On the other hand we get a natural setting for étale cohomology theories. In particular, we define and discuss an étale topological cobordism theory for schemes. It is equipped with an Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence starting from étale cohomology. Finally, we construct maps from algebraic to étale cobordism and discuss algebraic cobordism with finite coefficients over an algebraically closed field after inverting a Bott element.     

Regular versus continuous rational maps

We prove that a continuous map from a compact nonsingular real algebraic variety X into the unit 2-sphere can be approximated by regular maps if and only if it is homotopic to a continuous map which is regular in the complement of a Zariski closed subvariety A of X of codimension at least 3. The assumption on the codimension of A is essential.     

The derived category of quasi-coherent sheaves and axiomatic stable homotopy

We prove in this paper that for a quasi-compact and semi-separated (nonnecessarily noetherian) scheme X, the derived category of quasi-coherent sheaves over X, D(Aqc(X)), is a stable homotopy category in the sense of Hovey, Palmieri and Strickland, answering a question posed by Strickland. Moreover we show that it is unital and algebraic. We also prove that for a noetherian semi-separated formal scheme X, its derived category of sheaves of modules with quasi-coherent torsion homologies Dqct(X) is a stable homotopy category. It is algebraic but if the formal scheme is not a usual scheme, it is not unital, therefore its abstract nature differs essentially from that of the derived category Dqc(X) (which is equivalent to D(Aqc(X))) in the case of a usual scheme.     

On the existence of continuous (approximate) roots of algebraic equations

The present paper considers the existence of continuous roots of algebraic equations with coefficients being continuous functions defined on compact Hausdorff spaces. For a compact Hausdorff space X, C(X) denotes the Banach algebra of all continuous complex-valued functions on X with the sup norm ∥⋅_∥∞. The algebra C(X) is said to be algebraically closed if each monic algebraic equation with C(X) coefficients has a root in C(X). First we study a topological characterization of a first-countable compact (connected) Hausdorff space X such that C(X) is algebraically closed. The result has been obtained by Countryman Jr, Hatori-Miura and Miura-Niijima and we provide a simple proof for metrizable spaces.Also we consider continuous approximate roots of the equation zn−f=0 with respect to z, where f∈C(X), and provide a topological characterization of compact Hausdorff space X with dimX?1 such that the above equation has an approximate root in C(X) for each f∈C(X), in terms of the first ?ech cohomology of X.     

Topological conformal field theories and Calabi-Yau categories

This is the first of two papers which construct a purely algebraic counterpart to the theory of Gromov-Witten invariants (at all genera). These Gromov-Witten type invariants depend on a Calabi-Yau A_∞ category, which plays the role of the target in ordinary Gromov-Witten theory. When we use an appropriate A_∞ version of the derived category of coherent sheaves on a Calabi-Yau variety, this constructs the B model at all genera. When the Fukaya category of a compact symplectic manifold X is used, it is shown, under certain assumptions, that the usual Gromov-Witten invariants are recovered. The assumptions are that open-closed Gromov-Witten theory can be constructed for X, and that the natural map from the Hochschild homology of the Fukaya category of X to the ordinary homology of X is an isomorphism.     

A SURVEY OF THE ADDITIVE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM (WITH APPENDIX BY M. KAPOVICH)

The classical Hermitian eigenvalue problem addresses the following question: What are the possible eigenvalues of the sum A + B of two Hermitian matrices A and B, provided we fix the eigenvalues of A and B. A systematic study of this problem was initiated by H. Weyl (1912). By virtue of contributions from a long list of mathematicians, notably Weyl (1912), Horn (1962), Klyachko (1998) and Knutson–Tao (1999), the problem is finally settled. The solution asserts that the eigenvalues of A + B are given in terms of certain system of linear inequalities in the eigenvalues of A and B. These inequalities (called the Hom inequalities) are given explicitly in terms of certain triples of Schubert classes in the singular cohomology of Grassmannians and the standard cup product. Belkale (2001) gave a smaller set of inequalities for the problem in this case (which was shown to be optimal by Knutson–Tao–Woodward). The Hermitian eigenvalue problem has been extended by Berenstein–Sjamaar (2000) and Kapovich–Leeb–Millson (2009) for any semisimple complex algebraic group G. Their solution is again in terms of a system of linear inequalities obtained from certain triples of Schubert classes in the singular cohomology of the partial ag varieties G/P (P being a maximal parabolic subgroup) and the standard cup product. However, their solution is far from being optimal. In a joint work with P. Belkale, we define a deformation of the cup product in the cohomology of G/P and use this new product to generate our system of inequalities which solves the problem for any G optimally (as shown by Ressayre). This article is a survey (with more or less complete proofs) of this additive eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue problem is equivalent to the saturated tensor product problem. We also give an extension of the saturated tensor product problem to the saturated restriction problem for any pair G ? ? of connected reductive algebraic groups. In the appendix by M. Kapovich, a connection between metric geometry and the representation theory of complex semisimple algebraic groups is explained. The connection runs through the theory of buildings. This connection is exploited to give a uniform (though not optimal) saturation factor for any G.     

Complex cycles on algebraic models of smooth manifolds

Every compact smooth manifold M is diffeomorphic to the set X(\mathbbR){X(\mathbb{R})} of real points of a nonsingular projective real algebraic variety X, which is called an algebraic model of M. Each algebraic cycle of codimension k on the complex variety X_\mathbbC=X×_\mathbbR\mathbbC{X_{\mathbb{C}}=X\times_{\mathbb{R}}\mathbb{C}} determines a cohomology class in H^2k(X(\mathbbR);\mathbbD){H^{2k}(X(\mathbb{R});\mathbb{D})} , where \mathbbD{\mathbb{D}} denotes \mathbbZ{\mathbb{Z}} or \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} . We investigate the behavior of such cohomology classes as X runs through the class of algebraic models of M.