Pyrrolothienopyrazines. IV. Synthese de derives de 1′amino-5 pyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno[2,3-e]pyrazine

5-Aminopyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno[2-3-3]pyrazine derivatives were obtained by intramolecular cyclisation of N³(1-pyrrolyl)-2-thienylurea derivaties. Synthesis of these latter compounds was achieved from 2-(1-pyrrolyl)-3-thenoylazide via a curtius rearrangement. The H nmr spectra are discussed.     

Synthesis of phenylpyrrolylpyrroles. Part III

Several ethyl 3-[(3-aryl-4-methyl)-2(1H)-pyrrolyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates have been synthesized using two successive ethyl isocyanide addition-cyclizations to the appropriate nitropropene derivatives.     

Sulfur derivatives of 1-methylpyrrole

Metalation of 1-methylpyrrole using n-butyllithium and tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) in ether furnished 1-methyl-2-pyrrolyllithium, which in turn was converted to 1-methyl-2-methylthiopyrrole upon treatment with dimethyldisulfide. Further formylation with dimethylformamide, phosphorus oxychloride in dichloroethane led to the corresponding pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, which was then condensed with malononitrile and methylcyanoacetate under Knoevenagel reaction conditions to give 2-cyano-3-(1-methyl-5-methylthio-2-pyrrolyl)acrylonitrile and 2-cyano-3-(1-methyl-5-methylthio-2-pyrrolyl)acrylic acid methyl ester, respectively. Their oxidation by hydrogen peroxide furnished the corresponding sulfones. Analogously, 5-phenylthio derivatives were prepared.     

A convenient synthesis of new aminomethylenedioxypyrroloindoles via an iminium salt

Cyclization of 2-(1-pyrrolyl)piperonylcarboxamide derivatives gave iminium perchlorates which afforded 9-(N-substituted-imino) and 9-(N-substituted amino)-6,7-methylenedioxypyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles.     

Unexpected synthesis of 3-imino-2-(pyrrol-2-yl) isatogen derivatives affords facile access to a 2-pyrrolyl isatogen

2-Aryl isatogens and their 3-imino derivatives have been extensively studied but to date there have been no reported variants carrying pyrrolyl substituents at the 2-position. This study describes the unexpected synthesis of two novel 3-imino-2-(pyrrol-2-yl) isatogen derivatives upon attempted amide couplings with (E)- or (Z)-3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylic acids and p-phenylenediamines in the presence of uronium-based coupling reagents. Imine hydrolysis of one derivative under mild acid conditions afforded a 2-pyrrolyl isatogen in high yield. The compound showed potent in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.     

Syntheses of substituted 1-methyl-2-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-nitropyrroles and 1-methyl-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-4-nitropyrroles

Starting from readily available ethyl-4-nitropyrrole-2-carboxylate ( 1 ), substituted 1-methyl-2-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-nitropyrroles and 1-methyl-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-4-nitropyrroles were prepared. The reaction of 1 with diazomethane gave ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitropyrrole-2-carboxylate ( 2 ). Reaction of compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding hydrazide 3 . The reaction of 3 with formic acid yielded 1-(1-methyl-4-nitropyrrole-2-carboxyl)-2-(formyl)hydrazine ( 7 ). Refluxing of the latter with phosphorus pentasulfide in xylene yielded compound 6 in 40% yield. Reaction of compound 7 with phosphorus pentoxide afforded compound 9 . Reaction of compound 3 with 1,1′-carboxyldiimidazole in the presence of triethylamine yielded 2-(1-methyl-4-nitro-2-pyrrolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-4(H)-5-one ( 11 ). Refluxing compound 3 with cyanogen bromide in methanol gave compound 12 . Compound 13 could be obtained through the reaction of compound 3 with carbon disulfide in basic medium. Alkylation of compound 13 afforded the correspanding alkylthio derivative 14 . Reaction of 1-methyl-4-nitropyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ( 15 ) with thiosemicarbazide and phosphorus oxychloride gave 2-amino-5-(1-methyl-4-nitro-2-pyrrolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 16 ). Sandmeyer reaction of compound 16 yielded 2-chloro-5-(1-methyl-4-nitro-2-pyrrolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 17 ). Refluxing of the latter with thiourea afforded 2-(1-methyl-4-nitro-2-pyrrolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoline-4(H)-5-thione ( 18 ). Alkylation of compound 18 gave the corresponding alkylthio derivative 19 . Oxidation of the latter with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid yielded 2-(1-methyl-4-nitro-2-pyrrolyl)-5-methylsulfonyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 20 ).     

Cycloaddition in Condensed Isoindoles. 3. Synthesis of Novel Tricyclic Derivatives of the 7-Azabenzonorbornene System

We have studied the reaction of 6-methyl-5,6-dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinazolin-5-one with maleinimide derivatives for a 1:2 reagent ratio. We have shown that the reaction products are tricyclic derivatives of the 7-azabenzonorbornene system, and specifically 11-(2,5-dioxo-1-R-tetrahydro-1H-3-pyrrolyl)-2-methyl-20-R-2,10,20-triazahexacyclo[9.6.5.0^1,10.0^4,9.0^12,17.0^18,22]docosa-4(9),5,7,12(17),-13,15-hexaene-3,19,21-triones. We discuss a hypothesis for a probable reaction mechanism.     

Pyrrolothienopyrazines: Synthèse de la pyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrazine et de la pyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno[2,3-e]pyrazine

The synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-α]thieno[3,2-e]pyrazine and pyrrolo[1,2-α]-thieno[2,3-e]pyrazine is described. These syntheses could be achieved by intramolecular cyclization of 2- (and 3-) (1-pyrrolyl)-3- (and -2)-thienyl-amines obtained by hydrolysis of carbamates or by cleavage of the corresponding ureas. An original way giving better results was also studied via a Curtius rearrangement by reaction between the azide and aldehyde groupings. The synthesis of 2- (and -3)-2-formyl-1-pyrrolyl)-2- (and -3)-thenoylazide is described.     

α-Acrylaldehyde 3-Pyrrolyl BODIPY as a Specific Optical Sensor for Cysteine and Homocysteine

A new fluorophore, α-acrylaldehyde 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY was synthesized by treating 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY with a mixture of 3-(dimethylamino) acrolein and POCl₃ under Vilsmeier–Haack reaction conditions. The X-ray structure revealed that the fluorophore was almost planar, and the appended pyrrole was in the same plane with a small deviation from the mean plane. We investigated the potential use of α-acrylaldehyde 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY for sensing thiol containing amino acids such as cysteine/homocysteine (Cys/Hcy). Our studies showed that the α-acrylaldehyde- 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY was found to be useful for exclusive sensing of Cys/Hcy and to exhibit different optical signaling responses to Cys and Hcy at physiological pH in aq. CH₃CN (1 : 1 v/v, PBS) medium. The enhancement in optical properties for Cys and quenching in same properties for Hcy was attributed to different binding modes of Cys/Hcy with α-acrylaldehyde 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY.     

A novel synthesis of 2-vinylindoles and their utilization in the diels-alder reaction for the formation of new [c] annellated carbazole derivatives

A facile synthesis of 2-vinylindoles is detailed, starting from the corresponding indolecarbinols. The utility of the newly synthesized 2-vinylindoles in the preparation of novel [c] annellated carbazoles is demonstrated. 1-(1-Methyl-2-indolyl)-1-(N-methyl-2′-pyrrolyl)ethene ( 3c ) has also a 2-vinylpyrrole partial structure. However, in the Diels-Alder reaction of 3c , the exclusive formation of [c] annellated indoles was observed.     

1H-NMR,Ultraviolet and infrared spectra of some (Z)-α-(phenyl)-β-(2-furyl), -(2-pyrrolyl) and -(N-methyl-2-pyrrolyl)acrylonitriles

The ¹H-nmr data of some (Z)-α-(p-substituted-phenyl)-β-(2-furyl), -(2-pyrrolyl), and -(N-methyl-2-pyrrolyl)-acrylonitriles have been investigated to indicate the preferred conformation and to establish the conformational preferences of the β-heterocyclic ring. The ultraviolet spectra have been discussed in order to obtain information about the chromophores responsible for the absorption. The infrared spectra have been analyzed for the identification of the main absorption frequencies of cyano and ethylenic groups and to assign the characteristic absorption bands to specific normal vibrations of the heteroaromatic nuclei.     

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of dipyrroles separated by diphenyleneoxide and diphenylenesulfide spacers via the Trofimov reaction

4,4′-Bis[2-(1-vinylpyrrolyl)]diphenyloxide, 4,4′-bis(2-pyrrolyl)diphenylsulfide, 4-(2-pyrrolyl)-4′-[2-(1-vinylpyrrolyl)]diphenylsulfide and 4,4′-bis[2-(1-vinylpyrrolyl)]diphenylsulfide have been synthesized in a one-pot procedure from oximes of corresponding diacetylphenylenoxide and -sulfide through their reaction with acetylene in the MOH-DMSO systems (M=Li, K) at 80-130 °C under pressure of 10-15 atm, thus illustrating applicability and general character of the reaction of synthesis of diverse dipyrrole-phenylene assemblies and their N-vinyl derivatives. Two of the pipyrroles are promising for creating new conducting polymers with sulfur and oxygen atoms in the conjugation chain and for the study of the influence of the diphenyleneheteroatom moiety on conductivity of final polymer products. For the dipyrroles with the diphenyleneheteroatom moieties and 1,4-phenylene spacer the luminescence characteristics were determined.     

(Perhalogenmethylthio)heterocyclen. XXI. Reaktionen halogenierter perhalogenmethylthiopyrrole: Salz- und radikalbildung,dimerisierung

2-Chloro-3,4,5-tris(trifluoromethylthio)pyrrole ( 2a ), 3-Chloro-2,4,5-tris(trifluoromethylthio)pyarrole ( 2b ) and 3,4-dichloro-2,5-bis(trifluromoethylthio)pyrrole ( 2c ) react with silver nitrate/silver acetate in good yield to give the corresponding N-silver salts 3a-c . Compound 2b forms with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution the N-potassium salt 4 . Compounds 3a and 3b react with iodine to give the dimeers 2,2′-dichloro-3,3,′ 4,4′5,5′-hexakis(trifluoromethylthio)-2,2′-bi-2H-pyrrolyl ( 5a ) and 3,3′-dichloro-2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexakis(trifluoromethylthio)-2,2′-bi-2H-pyrrolyl ( 5b ). The dimers dissociate in solution to the corresponding pyrrolayl radicals. The esr and endor spectra of 3-chloro-2,4,5-tris(trifluoromethylthio)pyrrolyl were measured; coupling constants are given. For the newly prepared substances melting-points, ¹⁹F-nmr and ir spectroscopical data are provided.     

<Superscript>1</Superscript>H and <Superscript>13</Superscript>C NMR Study of Bifurcated Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds in 2,6-Bis(2-pyrrolyl)pyridine and 2,6-Bis(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolyl)pyridine

According to the ¹H and ¹³C NMR data, bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bond NH?N?HN in 2,6-bis(2-pyrrolyl)pyridine fixes its molecule in a conformation with syn orientation of the pyrrole rings. An analogous bifurcated hydrogen bond CH?N?HC is formed in 2,6-bis(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolyl)pyridine. 2-(1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolyl)-6-(2-pyrrolyl)pyridine is characterized by unsymmetrical bifurcated hydrogen bond NH? N?HC.     

New synthesis of condensed hydropyridazine derivatives V

The reactivity of pyrrole derivatives towards the semicarbazone of ω-bromoacetophenone has been reported. Substituents at position 1 of the pyrrole ring greatly affect the course of the reaction. 1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,8b-Octahydro-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-c:4,5-c′]dipyridazine derivative or α- and α,α-pyrrolyl derivatives were obtained depending on the substituents. The structures reported were assigned on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectroscopic data.     

Microwave-Assisted,Multicomponent, Ecofriendly Synthesis of 3-Bihetaryl-2-oxindole Derivatives Grafted with Phenothiazine Moiety

A series of 3-(3′-pyrrolyl)-2-oxindoles incorporating the phenothiazine moiety has been synthesized under both conventional and microwave heating conditions via multicomponent reaction of 3-(2-(phenothiazin-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene)-2-oxindole derivatives, acyclic and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and ammonium acetate. The resulting 2-oxindole derivatives underwent selective chloroacetylation at both the oxindole and the phenothiazine NH groups. Treatment of the dichloroacetylated compound with 2 mol of sodium azide in acetone under reflux gave the corresponding monoazide with concomitant dechloroacetylation of the N-chloroacetyl group of the oxindole ring. Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the resulted alkyl azide with diethyl acetylene–dicarboxylate afforded the corresponding triazole derivative in good yield. Furthermore, the dichloroacetylated compound could be easily cyclized into 4-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroxazolo[3,2-a]indol-9-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate derivative by treatment with sodium hydride in dry toluene. The yields and rate of reactions significantly improved under microwave heating conditions.     

A Simple Central Seven-Membered BOPYIN: Synthesis,Structural, Spectroscopic Properties,and Cellular Imaging Application

A two-step, one-flask synthesis of central seven-membered borondifluoride-3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(2-pyrrolyl)ethenyl] indole (BOPYIN) ligands has been developed by using the unexplored 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(2-pyrrolyl)ethenyl] indole. The simple synthetic approach has enabled modification of the electronic structure by changing the substituents on the indole unit. X-ray analysis indicated that conformations of the seven-membered BF₂ complex including BOPYIN and diazaborepin differ from that of the five- and six-membered organoboron complexes. Interestingly, the bond angle of the N⋅⋅⋅B−N bond increases with the number of atoms in the core ring, based on Baeyer strain theory. These unsymmetric BOPYIN derivatives have excellent photophysical properties, including high fluorescence quantum yields, except for BOPYIN- 4 in the solution state, large Stokes shifts, and good molar absorptivity. The dipole moment of BOPYIN- 3 in the first excited singlet state and ground state was demonstrated by a linear Lippert–Mataga plot. The absorption and emission spectra were not mirror images for BOPYIN- 1 – 3 and 5 , in contradiction to Kasha's rule, as determined by TDDFT. The synthesized BOPYINs have been shown to be biocompatible fluorophores in cell bioimaging.     

Non-Steroidal antiinflammatory agents. 1. A novel synthesis of 1-methyl-5-p-tolylpyrrole-2-acetic acid (tolmetin)

A four-step preparation of 1-methyl-5-p-totylpyrrole-2-acetic acid (Tolmetin) is reported starting from 1-methyl-2-p-tolylpyrrole. Formylation of this compound followed by condensation with methyl(methylthio)-methyl sulfoxide furnished 1-(methylsulfinyl)-1-methylthio-2-(1-methyl-5-p-tolyl-2-pyrrolyl)ethylene. Pummerer rearrangement of the latter compound gave ethyl 1-methyl-5-p-tolylpyrrole-2-acetate, which was hydrolyzed in alkaline medium to afford Tolmetin.     

Synthesis of Functionalized 2-(2-Pyrrolyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

Reactions of 5-amino-3-(2-pyrrolyl)pyrazoles with -dicarbonyl compounds (acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate) lead to formation of up to 90% of polysubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.     

Assembling of Complex Heterocyclic Ensembles, Schiff Bases, from 5-Amino-3-[2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindolyl)]pyrazoles and 1-Vinyl(ethyl)-2-formylimidazoles

Condensation of 5-amino-3-(2-pyrrolyl)pyrazoles with 1-vinyl(ethyl)-2-formylimidazoles afforded complex heterocyclic ensembles: Schiff bases containing pyrrole, pyrazole, and imidazole rings. The cis,trans-orientation of CH = N and CH₂ = CH groups and E-isomeric structure of the Schiff bases under study with respect to the imine fragment, and also the presence of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds were established.