高功率超短脉冲激光系统中用AOPDF实现增益窄化补偿的实验研究

超短脉冲激光系统中，足够宽的带宽是获得超短脉冲的先决条件.高增益放大器，特别是再 生放大器的增益窄化效应严重制约着输出激光脉冲的时间特性.将可编程声光色散滤波器(AO PDF)应用到高功率激光系统中，能有效地克服增益窄化效应.实验表明，再生放大器的光谱 宽度由未应用前的27?nm增加到了44?nm，压缩脉冲的宽度减小了一半，从而也使峰值功率 提高了一倍. 关键词： 超短脉冲 增益窄化 光谱整形 可编程声光色散滤波器     

Spectral mirror for ultra-short, high peak power, multi-PW Ti:sapphire lasers

A multilayer mirror for spectral filtering adapted to ultra-short and multi-PW Ti:Sa laser has been designed, manufactured and characterized. The method used to determine both the reflectivity shape and the coating design leads to global compensation of gain narrowing, saturation and spectral phase. The result is a spectral control on 200 nm range while keeping a flat spectral phase. This kind of filter will enable obtaining 15 fs pulse duration for multi-PW laser systems based on Ti:Sa.     

Stochastic motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field: I Classical treatment

We study the dissipative, classical dynamics of a charged particle in the presence of a magnetic field. Two stochastic models are employed, and a comparative analysis is made, one based on diffusion processes and the other on jump processes. In the literature on collision-broadening of spectral lines, these processes go under the epithet of weak-collision model and Boltzmann-Lorentz model, respectively. We apply our model calculation to investigate the effect of magnetic field on the collision-broadened spectral lines, when the emitter carries an electrical charge. The spectral lines show narrowing as the magnetic field is increased, the narrowing being sharper in the Boltzmann-Lorentz model than in the weak collision model.     

高功率超短脉冲激光系统中光谱增益窄化补偿的调制函数

 设计了一种与高功率超短脉冲激光放大过程中获得的总增益、增益介质的带宽、激光带宽、脉冲中心波长等参数相关的调制函数,对激光放大过程中的光谱增益窄化进行补偿。此调制函数的优越性在于,对不同性能的激光系统,无需改变调制函数的形式就能适用。通过数值模拟的方法,讨论了在不同增益介质带宽、激光带宽、脉冲中心波长下的补偿效果。此调制函数在高功率超短脉冲激光系统中有良好的应用前景。     

Spectral shaping filter for broadband amplifiers

We present the design and implementation of a high-damage threshold spectral shaping filter that can be used to counteract gain narrowing in broadband laser amplifier systems. In contrast to earlier approaches to this problem, the filter has a wide range of tunability in both reflectivity and center wavelength. The shape of the reflectivity curve enables the production of an apodized output spectrum with a clean transform limit. We demonstrate the use of this filter in both regenerative and multipass Ti:Sapphire amplifier systems, yielding super-Gaussian amplified spectra of 70-80 nm width.     

Spectral shifts and spectral switches in diffraction of ultrashort pulsed beams passing through a circular aperture

Based on the Fourier transform method, a simple closed-form expression for the on-axis power spectrum of ultrashort Gaussian pulsed beams in diffraction at a circular aperture is derived, which permits us to study spectral changes both analytically and numerically. It is shown that for diffracted pulsed beams there exist spectral red and blue shifts, spectral narrowing, and spectral switches in the near field. The aperture diffraction plays an important role in spectral switching, but both the truncation parameter and bandwidth (or equally, Fourier transform limited pulse duration) affect the behavior of spectral switches.     

Gain narrowing in few-atom systems

Using a density matrix approach, we study the simplest systems that display both gain and feedback: clusters of 2 to 5 atoms, one of which is pumped. The other atoms supply feedback through multiple scattering of light. We show that, if the atoms are in each other's near field, the system exhibits large gain narrowing and spectral mode redistribution. The observed phenomena are more pronounced if the feedback is enhanced. Our system is to our knowledge the simplest exactly solvable microscopic system which shows the approach to laser oscillation.     

Spectral narrowing and manipulation in an optical parametric oscillator using periodically poled lithium niobate electro-optic polarization-mode converters

We report a unique spectral narrowing and manipulation technique in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) realized by an integrated periodically poled lithium niobate comprising an optical parametric gain medium sandwiched by two electro-optic polarization-mode converters (EO PMCs). We achieved a manipulation of the gain spectrum of the OPO via EO and/or temperature control of the EO PMCs, in which we obtained single to multiple signal spectral peaks from the OPO with a spectral width reduced by up to 10 times and peak intensity increased by up to 6 times in comparison with the original signal. Fast EO tuning of the narrowed signal spectral peak has also been demonstrated.     

Time-resolved measurements of self-focusing pulses in air

The spatial, spectral, and temporal properties of self-focusing 798-nm 100-fs pulses in air are experimentally measured with high-resolution, single-shot techniques at a set propagation distance of 10.91 m. The data, obtained with an initially collimated Gaussian beam, show significant evolution of spatial narrowing as well as temporal and spectral changes at intensities lower than those required for significant ionization of air.     

Single 10-fs deep-ultraviolet pulses generated by broadband four-wave mixing and high-order dispersion compensation

Broadband chirped-pulse four-wave mixing and a pulse compressor consisting of a prism pair and a grating pair are used to generate 10.3-fs deep-ultraviolet pulses. A large proportion of the dispersion up to 1000 fs² is compensated without inducing third-order dispersion, which together with the smooth spectral and temporal profiles of the pulses makes them suitable for ultrafast spectroscopy. Unexpected spectral narrowing is observed when short input pulses were used for four-wave mixing. This narrowing is explained in terms of other third-order nonlinear phenomena, namely self-phase and cross-phase modulations, which occur simultaneously with four-wave mixing.     

A basic property of dye lasers: Spectral evolution

We have derived an analytical equation which is found to be useful in understanding injection locking, progressive narrowing, enhancement of intracavity absorption and amplification, dual-wavelength dye lasers, broad band shift and coupled cavities. The basic property of the dye laser emission, i.e. the spectral evolution, is described without explicit reference to the molecular populations and the excitation time shape. The concept of spectral evolution is expressed in terms of new parameters such as the evolution length of the amplifier and the evolution time of the oscillator.     

Amplified spontaneous emission in dye-laser systems for single photon amplification

A longitudinally pumped dye-laser amplifier is numerically investigated for the amplification of a very low intensity signal (as low as one photon per pulse), which is easily hindered by the simultaneous amplification of spontaneous emission. From the relevant set of coupled rate equations for population and photon fluxes the spatial dependence of these quantities is accounted for. The equations are solved numerically in some significant practical situations. The results describe the dependence of the amplified-spontaneous-emission (ASE) output flux on the pumping rate, on the spectral narrowing process and on the total spontaneous emission for a pulse in the selected angular width. The performance of dye-laser amplifiers is described by the same set of equations, and the gain characteristics of such systems are analyzed as functions of the pumping rate.     

Ein statistisches Modell zum Einfluß der thermischen Bewegung auf NMR-Festkörperspektren

A Statistical Model for the Influence of Thermal Motion on N. M. R. Spectra in Solids A theory is proposed which allows to describe the narrowing of n. m. r.-line width in the presence of thermal motions of the spins. The model is based on the assumption, that the local resonance frequency of a given spin immediately after the jump is distributed according to the n. m. r.-line shape of the rigid lattice. The difference to the well-known ANDERSON-WEISS-model of spectral narrowing is demonstrated for a gaussian line shape.     

Enhancement of four-wave mixing and line narrowing by use of quantum coherence in an optically dense double-? solid

We have demonstrated enhanced nondegenerate four-wave mixing by use of a resonant probe in a double- ? system consisting of an optically dense spectral hole-burning solid. The observed probe diffraction efficiency is ~16% in amplitude at 6 K, which is higher than for an off-resonant probe in a ? -type scheme. We have also observed two-photon coherence line narrowing, which has potential application to high-resolution spectroscopy.     

Suppression of gain narrowing in multi-TW lasers with negatively and positively chirped pulse amplification

A laser scheme implementing a combination of negatively and positively chirped pulse amplification (NPCPA) is demonstrated. This method of amplification suppresses spectral narrowing typically appearing in chirped pulse amplification (CPA) lasers thus supporting pulse spectrum much broader than a conventional CPA. With a NPCPA Ti:Sapphire laser we have achieved laser pulses of 50 nm spectral width and 150 mJ energy without any additional spectral correction. The scheme appears as an easy and reliable solution to preserve spectral bandwidth in Ti:Sapphire lasers, especially at high power levels up to the Petawatt regime. PACS 42.60 By, Lh; 42.65 Re     

Frequency-narrowed external-cavity broad-area-diode for rubidium laser pumping

Using an external cavity with holographic grating, we demonstrate the spectral narrowing of a high power broad-area-diode with a single emitter. The spectral bandwidth of less than 15 GHz is obtained with output power exceeding 10 W and external cavity efficiency exceeding 60%. Absorption of 98% of the laser radiation by a 25-mm rubidium vapor cell filled with 600-torr ethane at a temperature of 368 K is acquired, which demonstrates the availability of this pump source for efficient rubidium laser pumping.     

Spectral narrowing in a dye laser with non-resonant feedback

The temporal development of the spectral output of a flashlamp pumped dye laser, having non-resonant feedback achieved by means of fibre optics, has been studied using a streak camera. Spectral narrowing from 40 nm (the bandwidth of the spontaneous fluorescence of the system) to 2.5 nm has been observed, with the degree of spectral narrowing depending upon the output power.     

Heteronuclear spin decoupling in solid-state NMR under magic-angle sample spinning

Achieving high spectral resolution is an important prerequisite for the application of solid-state NMR to biological molecules. Higher spectral resolution allows to resolve a larger number of resonances and leads to higher sensitivity. Among other things, heteronuclear spin decoupling is one of the important factors which determine the resolution of a spectrum. The process of heteronuclear spin decoupling under magic-angle sample spinning is analyzed in detail. Continuous-wave RF irradiation leads only in a zeroth-order approximation to a full decoupling of heteronuclear spin systems in solids under magic-angle spinning (MAS). In a higher-order approximation, a cross-term between the dipolar-coupling tensor and the chemical-shielding tensor is reintroduced, providing a scaled coupling term between the heteronuclear spins. In strongly coupled spin systems this second-order recoupling term is partially averaged out by the proton spin-diffusion process, which leads to exchange-type narrowing of the line by proton spin flips. This process can be described by a spin-diffusion type superoperator, allowing the efficient simulation of strongly coupled spin systems under heteronuclear spin decoupling. Low-power continuous-wave decoupling at fast MAS frequencies offers an alternative to high-power irradiation by reversing the order of the averaging processes. At fast MAS frequencies low-power continuous-wave decoupling leads to significantly narrower lines than high-power continuous-wave decoupling while at the same time reducing the power dissipated in the sample by several orders of magnitude. The best decoupling is achieved by multiple-pulse sequences at high RF fields and under fast MAS. Two such sequences, two-pulse phase-modulated decoupling (TPPM) and X-inverse-X decoupling (XiX), are discussed and their properties analyzed and compared.     

Theory of collision effects on atomic and molecular line shapes

A review of recent developments in the theory of the effects of binary collisions on the spectral profiles associated with atomic and molecular systems is presented. To consistently account for collisional perturbations of both the internal energy levels and the velocity of active (emitting or absorbing) atoms or molecules, one must use a theory in which the center-of-mass motion of the active atoms has been quantized. Following this procedure general equations for absorption or emission line shapes are obtained. The line shapes may exhibit narrowing or broadening with increasing perturber pressure, depending upon the nature of the collision interaction. The physical significance of the collision mechanisms giving rise to such behavior is discussed, as is the experimental evidence in support of the theory. Various applications of the theory are presented.     

Spectral compression of femtosecond pulses in photonic crystal fibers

We demonstrate efficient spectral compression of femtosecond pulses near the zero-dispersion wavelength in nonlinear photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The highest measured compression factor is 21, in which case the spectral brightness increases by a factor of 5. We numerically model the pulse propagation and find good agreement with the experiment. We argue that the fibers studied allow for spectral narrowing of more than 2 orders of magnitude. With dispersion-shifted PCFs, efficient spectral compression can take place across the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum.