实验研究二维圆柱后尾流中涡脱落的有序和混沌现象

本文给出了在Re=50—400范围内二维圆柱后涡脱落的有序和混沌现象的一些初步实验结果。涡脱落由有序到混沌的转捩发生在Re=184.6—193.5之间,但是它不是通过准周期途径。在涡脱落频率与Re数的关系曲线上有两个间断。在Re=70处的间断可能对应于倾斜涡脱落模式的变化,在Re≈193.5处的第二间断对应于由有序到混沌状态的转捩。     

平面不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程五模系统的力学机理及能量演化

该文研究了平面不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程五模系统的力学机理及能量演化问题,通过将五模混沌系统转换成Kolmogorov形系统,把系统的力矩分为三种类型:惯性力矩,耗散力矩和外力矩.通过不同力矩的结合分析和研究了系统产生混沌的关键因素和物理意义.讨论了能量与雷诺数之间的关系.研究表明三种力矩的耦合是产生混沌的必要条件,而且只有耗散力矩和驱动力矩(外力矩)相匹配时,系统才能产生混沌,其中任何两种力矩耦合均不可能产生混沌.外力矩给系统提供能量,导致系统失稳出现分岔与混沌.引进Casimir函数分析系统的动力学行为和能量演化,并估计混沌吸引子的界.Casimir函数反映了能量转换和轨道与平衡点间的距离.     

激光体系在混沌状态下的统计性质

激光体系在其定态失稳后将进入混沌状态,此时其Langevin方程等价于带有涨落力的Lorenz方程。本文应用带有快速涨落系数的随机微分方程理论,研究了混沌状态下激光光场的统计性质。得到结论:在混沌状态下,光子数平均值与光泵参数的一次方成正比,而其涨落与光泵参数的二分之三次方成正比。因此,混沌状态下的激光是一种强度高涨落大的光源。计算结果还表明,当一个宏观体系处于混沌状态时,其内部将有很大的涨落,这些涨落主要是由体系的内在随机性引起的。此时,体系的宏观统计行为,主要是由其内在随机性所决定。     

同位非结构和结构网格摄动有限体积法（PFV）求解二维Navier-Stokes方程组

根据NS方程组的一阶迎风和二阶中心有限体积（UFV和CFV）格式,导出NS方程组迎风和中心摄动有限体积(UPFV和CPFV)格式．该格式通过把控制体界面质量通量摄动展开成网格间距的幂级数,并由守恒方程本身求得幂级数系数而获得．迎风和中心摄动有限体积格式使用了与一阶迎风和二阶中心格式相同的基点数和相同的表达形式,宜于计算机编程．顶盖驱动方腔流和驻点流标量输运的数值实验证明,迎风PFV格式比一阶UFV、二阶CFV格式有更高的精度,更高的分辨率．尤其是良好的鲁棒特性．对顶盖驱动方腔流,在Re数从102到104范围内,亚松弛系数可在0.3～0.8任取,收敛性能良好．     

Chen混沌系统的非线性全局同步控制

研究了Chen提出的一个新的混沌系统的混沌同步问题,利用非线性控制方法设计了三种混沌同步控制器,并用李雅普诺夫方法证明了在混沌控制器作用下,驱动、响应混沌系统可以实现全局同步.数值仿真结果表明,所设计的三种混沌控制器都能有效的实现混沌同步,并且具有很强的鲁棒性.     

肌型血管生物数学模型的非线性状态反馈同步

用非线性状态反馈方法研究肌型血管生物数学模型的同步问题,利用驱动系统与响应系统的误差信号,通过施加反馈控制,设计一个单变量非线性反馈控制器,使响应系统跟踪驱动系统,即误差系统渐近稳定到平衡点,从而实现了两个混沌系统在单变量驱动的情况下,消耗更少的能量达到同步,从理论上验证了处于痉挛状态下的血管运动可以与正常血管运动同步,为有效防治和治疗心肌梗塞等疾病提供一定的理论依据.仿真结果表明了此方法的有效性.     

受扰不确定混沌系统的降阶修正函数投影同步

研究了具有不同阶数的受扰不确定混沌系统的降阶修正函数投影同步问题.基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和自适应控制方法,设计了统一的非线性状态反馈控制器和参数更新规则,使得混沌响应系统按照相应的函数尺度因子矩阵和混沌驱动系统的部分状态变量实现同步.方法考虑了实际系统中的模型不确定性和外界扰动,具有较强的实用性和鲁棒性.数值仿真证明了控制方法的有效性.     

SQCF系统的全局时滞混沌同步

考虑到在通信系统中接收端存在时滞问题,针对SQCF系统,以Lyapunov稳定性理论和矩阵论为基础,提出一种系统的全局混沌同步方案.通过选取适当的耦合参数,使误差系统全局渐近稳定,即使得响应系统在t+τ时刻的状态渐进地趋向于驱动系统在t时刻的状态.并用Mathematic软件给出了数值模拟,理论分析和数值仿真表明,该方法可以较快地实现混沌同步.对系统的第三变量z(t)进行扰动,数值仿真表明在扰动系统下仍能很好地保持同步,表明同步系统具有抗干扰性.     

基于Soret和Dufour效应的方腔内双扩散自然对流振荡特性研究

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟研究了方腔内带Soret效应和Dufour效应的双扩散自然对流振荡特性.方腔内置高浓度发热圆且位于方腔中心,四周壁面均为低温低浓度.采用时间历程分析法和功率谱法分析了不同的浮升力比Br(2.0≤B_r≤10.0)、Soret数Sr(-0.6≤S_r≤0.0)和Dufour数Df(-0.6≤D_f≤0.0)下的方腔内部流动的振荡特性.研究结果表明:不考虑Soret和Dufour效应时,方腔内部流动呈现稳定状态,随着Df和Sr从0.0变化到-0.6,双扩散自然对流状态开始逐渐转变为周期性振荡和非周期性振荡,且振荡性随着浮升力比Br的增大而增强.     

迎风紧致格式与驱动方腔流动问题的直接数值模拟

本文给出了一种求解不可压缩流动问题的高精度差分格式,即迎风紧致格式.出发方程采用二维非定常原始变量Naiver-Stokes方程组.在差分方程中,对流项采用三阶精度的迎风紧致差分,其余空间导数项采用四阶紧致差分.本文利用该差分格式在等距网格上数值模拟了驱动方腔流动中的分离涡运动.在257×257的细网格上,Re数最高计算到10000.Re≤5000时的计算结果与前人结果符合得很好.当Re≥7500时发现流动不存在定常层流解而为非定常周期性解,并首次给出了非定常解的结果。     

Towards a better understanding of wall-driven square cavity flows using the lattice Boltzmann method

Wall-driven flow in square cavities has been studied extensively, yet it appears some main flow characteristics have not been fully investigated. Previous research on the classic lid-driven cavity (S1) flow has produced the critical Reynolds numbers separating the laminar steady and unsteady flows. Wall-driven cavities with two opposing walls moving at the same speed and the same (S2p) or opposite (S2a) directions have seldom been studied in the literature and no critical Reynolds numbers characterizing transitional flows have ever been investigated. After validating the LBM code for the three configurations studied, extensive numerical simulations have been undertaken to provide approximate ranges for the critical Hopf and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations for the classic and two two-sided cavity configurations. The threshold for transition to chaotic motion is also reported. The symmetries of the solutions are monitored across the various bifurcations for the two-sided wall driven cavities. The mirror-symmetry of the base solution for case S2p is lost at the Hopf bifurcation. The exact same scenario occurs with the pi-rotational symmetry of the base state for case S2a.     

Chaotic mixing simulations

Numerical simulations of high Reynolds number flows in the unit driven cavity have been performed. The system is shown to become unsteady at Re=8125 and chaotic at Re=17,000. In between this range the system switches between periodic and quasi-periodic states with step-wise changes in period. A passive concentration field and passive tracer particles are introduced into the flow at its asymptotic state to show the effects of chaos on mixing.     

Theoretical investigation of electro-osmotic flows and chaotic stirring in rectangular cavities

Two-dimensional, time-independent and time-dependent electro-osmotic flows driven by a uniform electric field in a closed rectangular cavity with uniform and non-uniform zeta potential distributions along the cavity’s walls are investigated theoretically. First, we derive an expression for the one-dimensional velocity and pressure profiles for a flow in a slender cavity with uniform (albeit possibly different) zeta potentials at its top and bottom walls. Subsequently, using the method of superposition, we compute the flow in a finite length cavity whose upper and lower walls are subjected to non-uniform zeta potentials. Although the solutions are in the form of infinite series, with appropriate modifications, the series converge rapidly, allowing one to compute the flow fields accurately while maintaining only a few terms in the series. Finally, we demonstrate that by time-wise periodic modulation of the zeta potential, one can induce chaotic advection in the cavity. Such chaotic flows can be used to stir and mix fluids. Since devices operating on this principle do not require any moving parts, they may be particularly suitable for microfluidic devices.     

Beyond the Mean-Field Model of the Ring Cavity

The ring cavity device with large diffraction path in the free-space of the cavity cannotbe described within the mean-field model. It is shown to generate a large variety of monoconicaland multiconical patterns with wave and/or Türing modes, for anonlinear medium either made of two-level atoms or with a χ ⁽²⁾ crystal.Even in the limit of a single-longitudinal mode operation, monoconical structures can be differentfrom those predicted by the mean-field model. For instance, chaotic localized structures with anatomic medium and square patterns with a DOPO are presented.     

Chaotic classical scattering and dynamics in oscillating 1-D potential wells

We study the motion of a classical particle interacting with one, two, and finally an infinite chain of 1-D square wells with oscillating depth. For a single well we find complicated scattering behavior even though there is no topological chaos due to the absence of hyperbolic periodic orbits. In contrast, for two coupled square wells there is chaotic scattering. The infinite oscillating chain yields the generic transition to chaos, with diffusion in energy and in space, as the separation between wells is increased. We briefly discuss the relevance of our results to solid state physics.     

Counteracting the dynamical degradation of digital chaos via hybrid control

Chaotic systems would degrade owing to finite computing precisions, and such degradation often seriously affects the performance of digital chaos-based applications. In this paper, a chaotification method is proposed to solve the dynamical degradation of digital chaotic systems based on a hybrid structure, where a continuous chaotic system is applied to control the digital chaotic system, and a unidirectional coupling controller that combines a linear external state control with a modular function is designed. Moreover, we proof rigorously that a class of digital chaotic systems can be driven to be chaotic in the sense that the system is sensitive to initial conditions. Different from the existing remedies, this method can recover the dynamical properties of system, and even make some properties better than those of the original chaotic system. Thus, this new approach can be applied to the fields of chaotic cryptography and secure communication.     

Two interacting hard disks within a circular cavity: towards a quasi-equilibrium quantal equation of states

Two interacting hard disks confined in a circular cavity are investigated. Each disk shows a free motion except when bouncing elastically with its partner and with the boundary wall. According to the analysis of Lyapunov exponents, this system is classically nonintegrable and almost chaotic because of the (short-range) interaction between the disks. The system can be quantized by incorporating the excluded volume effect for the wave function. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained by tuning the relative size between the disks and the billiard. The pressure P is defined as the derivative of each eigenvalue with respect to the cavity volume V. Since the energy spectra of eigenvalues versus the disk size show a multitude of level repulsions, P–V characteristics shows the anomalous pressure fluctuations accompanied by many van der Waals-like peaks in each of excited eigenstates taken as a quasi-equilibrium. For each eigenstate, we calculate the expectation values of the square distance between two disks, and point out their relationship with the pressure fluctuations. Role of Bose and Fermi statistics is also investigated.     

Chaotic convection in a ferrofluid

We report theoretical and numerical results on thermally driven convection of a magnetic suspension. The magnetic properties can be modeled as those of electrically non-conducting superparamagnets. We perform a truncated Galerkin expansion finding that the system can be described by a generalized Lorenz model. We characterize the dynamical system using different criteria such as Fourier power spectrum, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. We find that the system exhibits multiple transitions between regular and chaotic behaviors in the parameter space. Transient chaotic behavior in time can be found slightly below their linear instability threshold of the stationary state.     

Construction and quatitative characterization of a chaotic saddle from a pendulum experiment

We experimentally study the behaviour of a parametrically driven damped pendulum in a parameter region where a transient chaotic motion is observed. We reconstruct the chaotic saddle and a chaotic attractor near an interior crisis in a stroboscopic phase representation and give an estimation of the corresponding f() spectra.     

Projective lag synchronization in chaotic systems

In this paper, a new projective lag synchronization is proposed, where a driven chaotic system synchronizes the past state of the driver up to a scaling factor α. An active control method is employed to design a controller to achieve the global synchronization of two identical chaotic systems. Based on Lyapunov stability theorem, a sufficient condition is then given for the asymptotical stability of the null solution of an error dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is verified via numerical simulations.