地基激光测风雷达的光束扫描及风场反演

 激光测风雷达通过多普勒频移来确定激光束视线方向上的大气风场的速度矢量。由这些测得的矢量可反演大气风场群速的速度矢量。在本文中,我们将讨论利用单一LDV系统,激光束的扫描方式采用圆锥扫描,在扫描圆锥的垂直截面上取四个正交点上的多普勒风速矢量。通过这四个矢量,利用空间解析几何的知识,最终推导出观测视场上风场的水平和垂直方向的矢量分量。     

高层大气风场四强度测量法误差分析与计算

利用干涉成像光谱技术和电磁波的多普勒效应,通过测量高层大气(80—300km)中的气辉(极光)辐射线的四个干涉强度值而获知高层大气的速度和温度信息.采用四强度干涉测量法,分别对基于Michelson干涉仪的动镜扫描和基于无动镜四分区镀膜的干涉图获取模式所引起的测量误差进行了深入的理论分析与研究.给出了由于此测量误差所导致的相位误差所引起的高层大气风场速度、温度的误差数值;采用计算机模拟得出了在不同相位误差条件下,两种模式计算得到的风场速度和温度的误差分布图;给出了风速误差、温度误差与相位步进误差的关系曲线 关键词： 高层大气风场测量 四强度测量法 模拟计算     

高层大气风场四强度测量法误差分析与计算

利用干涉成像光谱技术和电磁波的多普勒效应，通过测量高层大气(80—300km)中的气辉(极光)辐射线的四个干涉强度值而获知高层大气的速度和温度信息.采用四强度干涉测量法，分别对基于Michelson干涉仪的动镜扫描和基于无动镜四分区镀膜的干涉图获取模式所引起的测量误差进行了深入的理论分析与研究.给出了由于此测量误差所导致的相位误差所引起的高层大气风场速度、温度的误差数值；采用计算机模拟得出了在不同相位误差条件下，两种模式计算得到的风场速度和温度的误差分布图；给出了风速误差、温度误差与相位步进误差的关系曲线     

基于偏振阵列的偏振迈克耳孙风场探测干涉仪系统的理论研究

基于偏振阵列的偏振迈克耳孙风场探测干涉仪是一种新型的探测大气温度和风场速度的干涉仪.基于偏振干涉的原理,四个偏振方向分别相差45°的偏振片组成的偏振阵列紧贴于探测器前,由四面角锥棱镜出射的四束线偏振光分别经四个不同偏振方向的偏振片后,四个不同强度干涉图同时成像于探测器上,经过数据提取获得四个干涉强度值,进一步反演出大气温度和风场速度值.对以上干涉成像过程进行了模拟仿真,得到干涉图,经风速反演得到了与实际值一致的结果.具有结构简单稳定,测试精度高,利于快速变化的目标测试的优点.     

双视场准共路多普勒外差干涉仪光学系统设计

针对大气风场矢量的星载探测应用,提出一种双视场准共路多普勒外差干涉仪方案,其采用平面镜视场耦合、K?sters棱镜单光栅干涉仪和一维成像镜的系统结构,可以同时探测两个正交方向不同高度层的视线风速,具有结构紧凑、无运动部件、探测效率高等特点。推导了基于K?sters棱镜的准共路干涉仪非对称量Δd与光栅利特罗角、分光棱镜尺寸等初始光学参数的关系。以基于氧原子红线(O[1D]630 nm)进行星载高层大气风场探测为例,给出了参数优化和系统设计的过程及结果,并对全系统干涉图进行建模仿真。结果表明:双视场准共路多普勒外差干涉仪具有一维空间分辨能力,在不使用视场扫描装置的情况下就可获得两个视场方向不同高度层上的干涉图,借助卫星平台运动可以获得同一目标区域的风场矢量信息。     

机载光纤多普勒测风激光雷达风场反演及实验验证

通过分析1 550 nm全光纤机载多普勒测风激光雷达系统的测量模式特征,给出飞机速度校正方法、机载系统风场反演模型和算法,实现了机载大气三维风场的反演和显示软件。利用机载激光雷达的飞行试验数据,结合实时测量的小球测风数据,进行了风场信息的反演和结果的对比印证,统计4个架次的风廓线测量结果,两者的水平风速标准偏差小于1.4 m/s,风向标准偏差小于10°,相关系数都达到0.95以上,从实验结果上验证了激光雷达的工作性能和数据反演算法的准确性。     

利用干涉成像光谱技术测量大气风场

以大层大气中的气辉（极光）为被探测源,利用干涉成像光谱技术和电磁波的多普勒效应对上层大气风场进行测量,分析和计算了大气风场的速度和温度,并就被探测源和探测器之间的相对速度与其连线成任意角时的情形进行了讨论。采用计算机模拟,分析了大气风场的测量效果。     

电磁学多普勒效应在高层大气探测中的应用

风是理解大气动力学行为、热力学性质和成分结构的一个关键参数,大气风场的探测已成为当今国际上的前沿科学和热门研究课题.高层大气(80～300 km)风场被动探测的基础理论是干涉成像技术和电磁波的多普勒效应.论文对气辉(极光)的形成、电磁波的多普勒效应和双光束干涉进行了解释;对通过探测目标气辉谱线的多普勒频移,获知大气风场的速度、温度和粒子辐射率的原理进行了论述;给出了由于频移量数值极小难以观测、进而将频移量的观测转换成对位相、干涉图观测的四强度探测理论.向读者展示了电磁学、光学的基本原理应用到当今高新科技中的巧妙与完美,启发对物理学基本知识应用和对科学家创新思维的联想和思考.     

洛伦兹光谱线型的高层大气风场被动探测原理分析

通过探测高层大气中气辉(极光)辐射线的多普勒频移,可以反演出高层大气中的速度、温度和压强等物理量。以高层大气中的极光(原子氧跃迁所辐射的两条主要谱线)为被探测源,对于洛伦兹光谱线型高层大气风场的探测原理和方法进行了研究;给出了基于洛伦兹光谱线型高层大气的速度场、温度场和压力场的分布规律和理论计算公式;采用计算机模拟,描绘了洛伦兹光谱线型风场的误差曲线,表明了洛伦兹光谱线型在高层大气风场探测中占有相当重要的地位。     

激光大气等离子体的电子密度空间分布特性研究

利用Nd∶YAG激光器产生的1.06 μm激光束(脉冲能量为500 mJ,脉冲宽度为10 ns, 重复频率30 Hz)聚焦击穿大气形成长约为8 cm、最大直径为5 cm的激光大气等离子体柱,用光谱测量的方法,分别沿平行于激光束方向和垂直于激光束方向探测该等离子体柱的空间分辨光谱,并由此反演得出电子密度空间分布特性。实验结果表明,激光大气等离子体中各种离子和电子呈橄榄形分布,沿激光束方向不对称,而垂直激光束方向对称分布,最大电子密度为1018 cm-3。文章还探讨了激光大气等离子体中处在不同状态的各种原子、分子和离子在空间的分布特性,为进一步揭示激光大气等离子体的微观空间分布规律提供了实验依据。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.