The dealkylation of 2-diethylamino-3H-phenothiazin-3-one

2-Diethylamino-3H-phenothiazin-3-one was dealkylated to 2-ethylamino-3H-phenothiazin-3-one either by photolysis or pyrolysis.

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Entalkylierung von 2-Diethylamino-3H-phenothiazin-3-on (Kurze Mitteilung)

Zusammenfassung Die Titelverbindung wurde durch Photolyse oder Pyrolyse zu 2-Ethylamino-3H-phenothiazin-3-on entalkyliert.

     

Synthesis ofN-3-chloroalkoxy-2-nitroxypropyl-N-alkylnitramines and their subsequent azidation

Nitration ofN-3-chloroalkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl-N-alkylsulfamates gave the correspondingN-3-chloroalkoxy-2-nitroxypropyl-N-alkylnitramines. Azidation of the latter resulted inN-azido-3-azidoalkoxypropyl-N-alkylnitramines. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 673–676, April, 1998.     

4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-1,2,4-triazole-1-oxide. The unpredicted azoxy-regioisomer

Summary 4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-1,2,4-triazole (1) is converted to the title azoxy compound4 by peroxytrifluoroacetic acid. The structure assignment of4 is based on an X-ray analysis.Ab initio calculations were employed to rationalize the reaction path leading to the triazole-1-oxide4 and not to the expected regioisomer triazole-2-oxide3.

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4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-1,2,4-triazol-1-oxid. Das unerwartete Regioisomere

Zusammenfassung 4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-1,2,4-triazol (1) wird mit Trifluorperessigsäure in die Titel-Azoxy-Verbindung4 umgewandelt. Die Strukturzuordnung von4 basiert auf einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse. Mittelsab initio-Rechnungen wird versucht zu erklären, weshalb die Reaktion zum Triazol-1-oxid4 und nicht zum erwarteten regioisomeren Triazol-2-oxid3 führt.

     

A new synthesis ofE- andZ(-)(1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloropropen-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acids from (+)-3-carene

A new synthesis ofE- andZ(-)(1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloropropen1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acids from (+)-3-carene in 21 % total yield was carried out.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 517–518, March, 1995.     

Synthesis of 3-aminothiophene-2-thioamides

Summary 4-Dimethylamino-5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-2-thiones (1) were alkylated to N,N-dimethyl-6-methylthio-2H-thiopyran-4(3H)-iminiumiodides (2). Aminolysis of the latter with ammonia led to 6-dimethylamino-2H-thiopyran-4(3H)-iminiumiodides (3) which were hydrolyzed to 3-amino-N,N-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienthioamides (4). Ring closure with sulfur gave 3-aminothiophene-2-thioamides (5). The configurations of the pentadienthioamides (4) have been investigated by NOE experiments. The structures of the thiophene-2-thioamides (5) were established by means of two-dimensional NMR techniques.

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Synthese von 3-Aminothiophen-2-thiocarboxamiden

Zusammenfassung 4-Dimethylamino-5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-2-thione (1) wurden zu N,N-Dimethyl-6-methylthio-2H-thiopyran-4(3H)-iminiumiodiden(2) alkyliert. Die Umsetzung mit Ammoniak führte zur Bildung von 6-Dimethylamino-2H-thiopyran-4(3H)-iminiumiodiden (3). Diese wurden zu 3-Amino-N,N-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienthioamiden (4) hydrolysiert. Beim Erhitzen mit Schwefel erfolgte Cyclisierung zu 3-Aminothiophen-2-thiocarboxamiden (5). Die Konfiguration der Pentadienthioamide (4) wurde mit NOE-Messungen untersucht, die der Thiophen-2-thiocarboxamide (5) mit Hilfe zweidimensionaler NMR-Methoden aufgeklärt.

     

Syntheses of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)- and (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>)-3-styrylchromones

Several (E)- and (Z)-3-styrylchromones were prepared by two different methodologies, the Wittig reaction of chromone-3-carboxaldehyde with benzylic ylides and the Knoevenagel condensation of chromone-3-carboxaldehyde with phenylacetic acids in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide under microwave irradiation. The Knoevenagel reaction followed by a decarboxylation offered an efficient and diastereoselective method for preparing (E)-3-styrylchromones in a shorter reaction time. It was also demonstrated that phenylacetic acid can also be substituted with success by phenylmalonic acid. The stereochemistry of all products was assigned by NMR experiments. Correspondence: Artur M. S. Silva, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.     

A study of biodegradation/γ-irradiation on the degradation of p-chloronitrobenzene

A microbial strain, Vagococcus sp. B32, was isolated and applied to degrade p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) in aqueous solutions. Three degradation methods: biodegradation, direct γ-irradiation and ⁶⁰Co-γ pre-irradiation with biodegradation by B32 were carried out. The decrease of p-CNB and the net increase of Cl⁻ were investigated to evaluate the degradation efficiency. The preliminary results showed that the combined method of pre-irradiation with biodegradation of B32 was more effective than the two others.     

Synthesis of 3-nitro-3-azalk-2-yl ethers

PrimaryN-nitramines react with vinyl ethers to give 3-nitro-3-azalk-2-yl ethers. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 621–623, March, 1999.     

Chemical transformations of reaction products of 2-methyl-3-(4-tolyl)-4(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-quinazolone with benzil and its 4,4′-derivatives

The reaction of 2-methyl-3-(4-tolyl)-4(3H)-quinazolone with benzil produces 2-[(Z)-3-oxo-2,3-diphenylprop-1-enyl]-3-(4-tolyl)-4(3H)-quinazolone, which is readily transformed into 2-(3,3-diphenylsuccinimido)-N-(4-tolyl)benzamide on dissolution in organic water-containing solvents. The rearrangement mechanism was suggested and investigated by the quantum chemical PM3 method. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 146–151, January, 2007.     

Indium mediated allylation in carbohydrate chemistry: A convenient synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid (DAH) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (kamusol)

Summary A short and economical synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid (4) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (kamusol,8) has been developed. In the key step of the reaction sequence, the indium mediated allylation ofD-erythrose in an aqueous solvent system was utilized generating a seven carbon backbone which was further transformed into the title compounds.

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Indiumunterstützte Allylierung in der Kohlenhydratchemie: Eine einfache Synthese von 3-Desoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonsäure (DAH) und 3-Desoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (Kamusol)

Zusammenfassung Eine kurzer und ökonomischer Syntheseweg für 3-Desoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulosonsäure (4) und 3-Desoxy-D-arabino-2-heptulose (Kamusol,8) wurde entwickelt. Im Schlüsselschritt der Synthesesequenz wurde die indiumunterstützte Allylierung vonD-Erythrose in wäßrigen Reaktionsmedien angewendet. Das mittels dieser Methode auf sieben Kohlenstoffatome verlängerte Kohlenhydrat-Grundgerüst konnte einfach in die Titelverbindungen übergeführt werden.

     

Aminals in the synthesis of 1,3-substituted propargylamines and 3H-2-vinylidene-3-aminobenzofuran derivatives

Aminals of aromatico-hydroxyaldehydes react when heated with terminal acetylenes to form, depending on the reaction conditions and the nature of the starting compounds, 1,3-substituted propargylamines or 3H-2-vinylidene-3-aminobenzofuran derivatives, the structures of which were established by X-ray diffraction.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 455–460, March, 1994.     

Synthesis of arylidene derivatives of N-unsubstituted pyrrolin-2-ones

5-Alkyl(aryl)-3-arylidene-3H-pyrrolin-2-ones were synthesized by ammonolysis of their O-heteroanalogs or by the reactions of 5-alkyl(aryl)-3H-pyrrolin-2-ones with aromatic aldehydes. The structures of the compounds obtained were confirmed by ¹H NMR spectra.     

Synthesis of 3-alkoxy-2-nitroxypropyl-N-alkylnitramines

It was shown that 3-alkoxy-2-nitroxypropyl-N-alkylnitramines can be prepared by nitration of the corresponding 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl-N-alkylsulfamates. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1987–1989, November, 1997.     

Claisen aromatic amino rearrangement in the series of fluorinated anilines

The effect ofmeta-substituents in the aromatic ring on the route of Claisen rearrangement ofN-(pent-3-en-2-yl)-3-fluoro(or 3-trifluoromethyl, 3,4-difluoro)anilines induced by ZnCl₂ was investigated. The formation of two possibleortho-alkenylated reaction products was observed. The ratio of these isomers depends on the nature of the acid catalyst. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 188–190, January, 1998.     

Synthesis of 3-isocyano-nido-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate salts and their use as new isonitrile ligands in transition-metal complexes

The treatment of 3-isocyano-o-carboranes with an alkali solution in alcohol results in the regioselective splitting out of a boron atom from position 6 of theo-carborane nucleus to give 3-isocyano-nido-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate salts, in which the isonitrile group is attached to the boron atom of thenido-polyhedron anion. 3-Isocyano-nido-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate salts are new isonitrile ligands in transition-metal complexes. Complexes with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and iron compounds have been obtained.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1458–1460, August, 1993.     

Effective synthesis of methyl 3β-amino-3-deoxybetulinate

A practical method for preparing methyl 3β-amino-3-dexoybetulinate that is based on column chromatographic separation of 3α- and 3β-t-butoxycarbonates and subsequent removal of the protecting group using formic acid is proposed. The structure of methyl 3β-N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-3-deoxybetulinate was established by an x-ray structure analysis. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 488–490, September-October, 2008.     

Reaktivität der Pyrrolpigmente, 2. Mitt.: Deprotonierung von 3-Pyrrolin-2-onen

Deprotonation of 3,4-dimethyl-3-pyrrolin-2-on (1) int-butyl alcohol/potassiumt-butoxide solutions takes place on the N atom, as shown by¹H/²H exchange andpK _a determinations of1 (pK=17.1), 1,3,4-trimethyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one (pK _a =17.6), and 3,4-dimethyl-5-methoxy-2_H-pyrrole (pK _a =16.7). The SCF-MO approximation MINDO/3 indicates, however, that in the gas phase deprotonation of1 should occur at the C atom.

1.Mitt.:Ribó, J. M., Trull, F., Mh. Chem.110, 201 (1979).     

Synthesis and transformations of 3-acetylpyridine-2(1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thiones

Reactions of substituted 3-cyanopyridine-2(1H)-thiones with methyllithium gave 3-acetylpyridine-2(1H)-thiones. The best results were achieved by adding a solid-state thione to a solution of methyllithium in ether (thione: MeLi = 1: 3). The compounds obtained and their 3-pentanoyl analogs were used to synthesize a number of fused heterocyclic systems. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1504–1507, July, 2008.     

Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from cottonseed oil and valeric acid in batch culture of Ralstonia sp. strain JC-64

A Ralstonia sp. strain JC-64 that is capable of accumulating poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P[3HB-co-3HV]) from cottonseed oil and valeric acid was isolated. By using a high limiting-nitrogen (HLN) mineral medium as the medium for the second stage of the fermentation process and by adding the two carbon sources at different times, a range of copolymers with 12–62 mol% of 3HV were produced from a series of HLN mineral mediums containing different compositions of cottonseed oil and valeric acid by Ralstonia sp. JC-64. The melting temperature (T _m ) of polyhydroxybutyrate from cottonseed oil was 174°C and that of P(3HB-co-3HV) with the highest 3HV-mol fraction (62%) was 81°C.     

Acylation and Cyclodehydration of Benzofuran-, Benzothiophene-, and Indolyl-3-acetic Acid Arylamides. Synthesis of Novel Benzofuro[2,3-c]-, Benzothieno[2,3-c], and Indolo[2,3-c]pyrilium and Pyridine Derivatives

The acylation of benzo[b]furan-, benzo[b]thiophene, and indolyl-3-acetic acid arylamides using acetic anhydride in the presence of 70% perchloric acid occurs at the -position of the heterocycle to give 2-acetylbenzo[b]furan-, 2-acetylbenzo[b]thiophene, and 2-acetylindolyl-3-acetic acid arylamides. Depending on the amount of perchloric used in the reaction they undergo cyclodehydration to 3-arylamino-1-methylhetero[2,3-c]pyrilium salts and to N-aryl-1-methyl-3(2H)hetero[2,3-c]pyridones.