On the Product of Real Spectral Triples

The product of two real spectral triples and , the first of which is necessarily even, was defined by A.Connes as given by and, in the even-even case, by . Generically it is assumed that the real structure obeys the relations , , , where the -sign table depends on the dimension n modulo 8 of the spectral triple. If both spectral triples obey Connes' >-sign table, it is seen that their product, defined in the straightforward way above, does not necessarily obey this -sign table. In this Letter, we propose an alternative definition of the product real structure such that the -sign table is also satisfied by the product.     

Unitary dressing transformations and exponential decay below threshold for quantum spin systems. Parts III and IV

This is the continuation of a series of articles concerning a class of quantum spin systems with Hamiltonian operators of the form

Long-Time Asymptotics of Solutions to the Cauchy Problem for the Defocusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Finite-Density Initial Data. II. Dark Solitons on Continua

For Lax-pair isospectral deformations whose associated spectrum, for given initial data, consists of the disjoint union of a finitely denumerable discrete spectrum (solitons) and a continuous spectrum (continuum), the matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem approach is used to derive the leading-order asymptotics as of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation ( NLSE), , with finite-density initial data

Observables and Statistical Maps

This article begins with a review of the framework of fuzzy probability theory. The basic structure is given by the -effect algebra of effects (fuzzy events) and the set of probability measures on a measurable space . An observable is defined, where is the value space of X. It is noted that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between states on and elements of and between observables and -morphisms from to . Various combinations of observables are discussed. These include compositions, products, direct products, and mixtures. Fuzzy stochastic processes are introduced and an application to quantum dynamics is considered. Quantum effects are characterized from among a more general class of effects. An alternative definition of a statistical map is given and it is shown that any statistical map has a unique extension to a statistical operator. Finally, various combinations of statistical maps are discussed and their relationships to the corresponding combinations of observables are derived.     

A Generator for the Weert Superpotential

Weert found a superpotential for the bounded part of the Maxwelltensor associatedto the Lienard–Wiechert field. Here we obtain afourth-rank generator for the superpotential .     

General theory of renormalization of gauge theories in nonlinear gauges

We discuss the general theory of renormalization of unbroken gauge theories in the nonlinear gauges in which the gauge-fixing term is of the form We show that higher loop renormalization modifiesfα [A] to contain ghost terms of the form and show how the corresponding ghost terms are deduced fromfα [A, c, c] uniquely. We show that the theory can be renormalized while preserving a modified form of BRS invariance by multiplicative and independent renormalizations onA, c, g, η, ζ, τ. We briefly discuss the independence of the renormalized S-matrix from η,ζ, τ.     

Influence of a strong longitudinal static electric field on free carrier faraday effect in an n-type InSb at room temperature at submillimeter wave frequencies

The expression for free carrier Faraday rotation and for ellipticity , as the function of the applied parallel static electric field and static magnetic field for a given value of wave angular frequency and electron concentration N₀, are obtained and theoretically analyzed with the aid of one-dimensional linearized wave theory and Kane's non-parabolic isotropic dispersion law. It is shown that the maximum Faraday rotation occurs near the cyclotron resonance condition, which can be expressed as , where , , and . Here m^* and e denote the effective mass and charge of electron, respectively. _g is the forbidden bandgap of semiconductor. v₀ is the carrier drift velocity, which is a non-linear function of E₀ in high field condition. A possibility of a simple way of determining the non-linear v₀ vs E₀ characteristics of semiconductors by the measurement of Faraday rotation is also discussed.     

The Chern classes of Sobolev connections

AssumeF is the curvature (field) of a connection (potential) onR ⁴ with finiteL ² norm . We show the chern number (topological quantum number) is an integer. This generalizes previous results which showed that the integrality holds forF satisfying the Yang-Mills equations. We actually prove the natural general result in all even dimensions larger than 2.     

Über die Einteilchensingularitäten in Relativistischen Quantenfeldtheorien

By subtraction of products of three-point functions the four-point functions in relativistic quantum field theory are decomposed into two parts, in one of which there does not occur any mass-shell-singularity in the variables (; 1, 4). All these singularities are given explicitly by the kernels of the products of the three-point functions. — Necessary and sufficient conditions for the non-triviality of unitaryS-matrices or some of their elements are proved in terms of statements on the occurence of mass-shell-singularities in the vacuum expectation values of field operators. The strongest result we have gained is: If is equal to zero for someN>3, then all transition amplitudesT _2n vanish for everyn.     

Options for angular momentum projection II: A finite sum representation of the Hill-Wheeler projector

An exact and finite sum representation of the Hill-Wheeler projection operator is obtained under the provision that the state on which the operator acts can be expanded as $$\left| {\psi _\alpha } \right\rangle = \sum\limits_{J = J_{\min } }^{J_{\max } } {c_J^\alpha \left| {J,\alpha } \right\rangle .} $$ The result provides a definite advantage over numerical integration methods, especially if high spin states are considered.     

On the Modified Korteweg–De Vries Equation

We consider the large time asymptotic behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation , with initial data . We assume that the coefficient is real, bounded and slowly varying function, such that , where . We suppose that the initial data are real-valued and small enough, belonging to the weighted Sobolev space . In comparison with the previous paper (Internat. Res. Notices 8 (1999), 395–418), here we exclude the condition that the integral of the initial data u ₀ is zero. We prove the time decay estimates and for all , where . We also find the asymptotics for large time of the solution in the neighborhood of the self-similar solution.     

On the Best Constant in the Moser-Onofri-Aubin Inequality

Let S ² be the 2-dimensional unit sphere and let J _α denote the nonlinear functional on the Sobolev space H ¹(S ²) defined by

Absence of long-range order in one-dimensional spin systems

For a one-dimensional Ising model with interaction energy $$E\left\{ \mu \right\} = - \sum\limits_{1 \leqslant i< j \leqslant N} {J(j - i)} \mu _\iota \mu _j \left[ {J(k) \geqslant 0,\mu _\iota = \pm 1} \right]$$ it is proved that there is no long-range order at any temperature when $$S_N = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^N {kJ\left( k \right) = o} \left( {[\log N]^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} } \right)$$ The same result is shown to hold for the corresponding plane rotator model when $$S_N = o\left( {\left[ {{{\log N} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\log N} {\log \log N}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\log \log N}}} \right]} \right)$$      

Absence of symmetry breaking for systems of rotors with random interactions

We prove that Gibbs states for the Hamiltonian , with thes _x varying on theN-dimensional unit sphere, obtained with nonrandom boundary conditions (in a suitable sense), are almost surely rotationally invariant if withJ _xy i.i.d. bounded random variables with zero average, 1 in one dimension, and 2 in two dimensions.     

Covariant (hh′)-Deformed Bosonic and Fermionic Algebras as Contraction Limits of q-Deformed Ones

GL_h(n) ×GL_h(m)-covariant (hh)-bosonic[or (hh)-fermionic] algebras are built in terms of thecorresponding R_h and -matrices by contracting theGL_q(n) × -covariant q-bosonic (or q-fermionic) algebras , = 1, 2.When using a basis of wherein theannihilation operators are contragredient to thecreation ones, this contraction procedure can be carried out for any n, m values. Whenemploying instead a basis wherein the annihilationoperators, like the creation ones, are irreducibletensor operators with respect to the dual quantumalgebra U_q(gl(n)) , a contraction limit only exists forn, m {1, 2, 4, 6, . . .}. For n = 2, m = 1, andn = m = 2, the resulting relations can be expressed interms of coupled (anti)commutators (as in the classical case), by usingU_h(sl(2)) [instead of s1(2)] Clebsch-Gordancoefficients. Some U_h(sl(2)) rank-1/2irreducible tensor operators recently constructed byAizawa are shown to provide a realization of (2, 1).     

Poisson Structures for Dispersionless Integrable Systems and Associated W-Algebras

In analogy to the KP theory, the second Poisson structure for the dispersionless KP hierarchy can be defined on the space of commutative pseudodifferential operators . The reduction of the Poisson structure to the symplectic submanifold gives rise to W-algebras. In this Letter, we discuss properties of this Poisson structure, its Miura transformation and reductions. We are particularly interested in the following two cases: (a) L is pure polynomial in p with multiple roots and (b) L has multiple poles at finite distance. The w-algebra corresponding to the case (a) is defined as , where means the multiplicity of roots and to the case (b) is defined by where is the multiplicity of poles. We prove that -algebra is isomorphic via a transformation to U(1) with m= . We also give the explicit free fields representations for these W-algebras.     

A proof of the unitarity ofS-matrix in a nonlocal quantum field theory

Using the formfactors which are entire analytic functions in a momentum space, nonlocality is introduced for a wide class of interaction Lagrangians in the quantum theory of one-component scalar field φ(x). We point out a regularization procedure which possesses the following features:

1. The regularizedS ^δ matrix is defined and there exists the limit $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\delta \to 0} S^\delta = S.$$
2. The Green positive-frequency functions which determine the operation of multiplication in \(S \cdot S^ + \mathop = \limits_{Df} S \circledast S^ + \) can be also regularized ?^δ and there exists the limit $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\delta \to 0} \circledast ^\delta = \circledast \equiv .$$
3. The operator \(J(\delta _1 ,\delta _2 ,\delta _3 ) = S^{\delta _1 } \circledast ^{\delta _2 } S^{\delta _3 + } \) is continuous at the point δ₁=δ₂=δ₃=0.
4. $$S^\delta \circledast ^\delta S^{\delta + } \equiv 1at\delta > 0.$$ Consequently, theS-matrix is unitary, i.e. $$S \circledast S^ + = S \cdot S^ + = 1.$$

     

Superconductive superheating field for finiteκ

We have calculated analytically the superheating fieldH _sh for bulk superconductors, correct to second order in. We find , which agrees well with numerical computations for<0.5. The surface order parameter is , and the penetration depth is .     

On the Schrödinger equation and the eigenvalue problem

If _k is thek ^th eigenvalue for the Dirichlet boundary problem on a bounded domain in ⁿ , H. Weyl's asymptotic formula asserts that , hence . We prove that for any domain and for all . A simple proof for the upper bound of the number of eigenvalues less than or equal to - for the operator –V(x) defined on ⁿ (n3) in terms of is also provided.Research partially supported by a Sloan Fellowship and NSF Grant No. 81-07911-A1     

Generalized Cohomologies and the Physical Subspace of the SU(2) WZNW Model

The zero modes of the monodromy extended SU(2) WZNW model give rise to a gauge theory with a finite-dimensional state space. A generalized BRS operator A such that being the height of the current algebra representation) acts in -dimensional indefinite metric space of quantum group invariant vectors. The generalized cohomologies Ker are 1-dimensional. Their direct sum spans the physical subquotient of .